• No results found

download full version

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "download full version"

Copied!
8
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

6WDWLVWLFDODQG)UDFWDO$SSURDFK

$QJHOVN\298VKHQNR$*DQG8VKHQNR<X$

&RUUHODWLRQ2SWLFV'HSDUWPHQW&KHUQLYWVL1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\.RWV\XELQVN\6W &KHUQLYWVL8NUDLQH(PDLOXVKHQNRELR#LWIFYXNUWHOQHW

5HFHLYHG

$EVWUDFW

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

.H\ZRUGVELRORJLFDOWLVVXHVWDWLVWLFDOPRPHQWVSRZHUVSHFWUXP

3$&6E%H/F-D7[

,QWURGXFWLRQ

,QYHVWLJDWLRQ RI RSWLFDO JHRPHWULF VWUXFWXUH RI KXPDQ VNLQ LV RQH RI LPSRUWDQW GLUHFWLRQV LQ ELRORJLFDO WLVVXH RSWLFV >@ ,Q WKHLU VSHFWURSKRWRPHWULF DVSHFWV WKH SUREOHPV RI OLJKW VFDWWHULQJ E\ VXFK REMHFWV KDYH EHHQ DQDO\]HG LQ GHWDLO ZLWK WKH DLG RI 0RQWH&DUOR WHFKQLTXH7KLVVWDWLVWLFDOPRGHOOLQJHQDEOHVRQH WR GHWHUPLQH WKH LQWHQVLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQV IRU WKH *DXVVLDQSURILOH EHDPV ZLWK WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQWERWKWKHH[SHULPHQWDOJHRPHWU\DQGWKH RSWLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIREMHFWVXQGHUWHVW>@

)URP WKH SUDFWLFDO SRLQW RI YLHZ WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ DSSHDUV WR EH QHFHVVDU\IRUGHWHUPLQLQJFRUUHFWO\WKHUDGLDWLRQ GR]H GXULQJ SKRWRFKHPLFDO DQG SKRWRG\QDPLF WKHUDSLHV RI D ZLGH UDQJH RI VNLQ SDWKRORJLHV >@ 7KH VHULHV RI ZRUNV >@ KDV EHFRPH D QHZ VWLPXOXV IRU VWUXFWXUDO VNLQ FKDQJHV GLDJQRVWLFVRIYDULRXVGLVHDVHV,QWKHVHVWXGLHV

WKH DSSURDFKHV EDVHG RQ WKH VWDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI VSHFNOHLPDJHV KDYH EHHQ VXJJHVWHG 7KH WHFKQLTXH HQDEOHV LGHQWLI\LQJ UHOLDEO\ UHOHYDQW TXDOLWDWLYH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG REWDLQLQJ TXDQWLWDWLYH VWDWLVWLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH HSLGHUPLVVWUXFWXUH

,W LV NQRZQ WKDW GLIIHUHQW ELRORJLFDO SUR FHVVHVUHIHUUHGWRWKHSKHQRPHQDRILUUHYHUVLEOH JURZWK>@DUHDFFRPSDQLHGZLWKIRUPDWLRQRI VHOIVLPLODUVWUXFWXUHV6RRQHFDQVXSSRVHWKDW WKH JHRPHWU\ RI URXJK VXUIDFHV RI ELRORJLFDO RULJLQ LV JHQHUDOO\ VHOIVLPLODU DQG LW LV IRUPHG E\ D VFDOHGHSHQGHQW KHLJKW DQG DQJXODU GLVWULEXWLRQV RI PLFURLUUHJXODULWLHV ,Q RWKHU ZRUGV LQ DGGLWLRQ WR D ³FODVVLFDO´ VWDWLVWLFDO DSSURDFK D IUDFWDO RQH VHHPV WR EH DOVR DSSURSULDWHIRUWKHDQDO\VLVRIRSWLFDOJHRPHWULF SURSHUWLHVRIWKHPHQWLRQHGREMHFWV>@

(2)

GHYHORSHG VWDJHV RI SVRULDVLV RU HF]HPD DQG GHDO ZLWK WKH WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV RI DQJXODU VWUXFWXUH RI WKH XSSHU NHUDWLQ HSLGHUPLV OD\HU KDYHQRW\HWEHHQSHUIHFWO\VWXGLHG

7KLV SDSHU LV GLUHFWHG WR HODERUDWLQJ SRODUL]DWLRQ UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV IRU WKH PLFURUHOLHI RI URXJK HSLGHUPLV VXUIDFH DV ZHOO DV IXUWKHU VWDWLVWLFDO DQG IUDFWDO DQDO\VHV RI LWV DQJXODUVWUXFWXUHZKLFKDUHDLPHGDWHDUO\SUH FOLQLFGLDJQRVWLFVRISDWKRORJLFDOVNLQFKDQJHV

7KHRUHWLFDOPRGHOOLQJ

)RUPDWLRQRISRODUL]DWLRQVWUXFWXUH

RIWKHREMHFWILHOG

/HW XV FRQVLGHU WKH VNLQ HSLGHUPLV DV D PXOWLOD\HU IODW NHUDWLQRXV HSLWKHOLXP WKDW H[KLELWV RSWLFDO DQLVRWURS\ 7KH HOHFWURQ PLFURVFRS\GDWDSURYHWKDWLWFRQVLVWVRIDODUJH QXPEHU RI WLOHOLNH ODPHOODH RU RSWLFDO PLFURSODWHV ZLWK WKH DYHUDJH VWDWLVWLFDO OLQHDU VL]HVRI±mP>@

2SWLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIORFDOPLFURSODWHRIWKH HSLGHUPLV PD\ EH FKDUDFWHUL]HG XVLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ-RQHVPDWUL[>@

( )

Q

'= Dr g

+HUH Dr

( )

gQ GHQRWHV WKH UDWLR EHWZHHQ WKH DPSOLWXGH UHIOHFWLRQ FRHIILFLHQWV r[

( )

gQ

DQG r\

( )

gQ WKDW FRUUHVSRQG WR WKH RUWKRJRQDO

FRPSRQHQWV (R[ DQG (R\ RI WKH LOOXPLQDWLQJ ZDYH DPSOLWXGH (R >@g LV WKH LQFOLQDWLRQ DQJOH RI WKH HSLGHUPLV SODWH DQG Q WKH UHIUDFWLRQFRHIILFLHQWLQGH[RILWVVXEVWDQFH>@

$QDO\WLFDOO\ WKH SURFHVV RI IRUPDWLRQ RI SRODUL]DWLRQ VWUXFWXUH DW HYHU\ SRLQW

U

RI WKH REMHFWILHOGRIVXFKVXUIDFHVLVGHVFULEHGE\WKH PDWUL[HTXDWLRQ

( )

( ) { }

ÕÖ Ô Å Æ Ä = ÕÕÖ Ô ÅÅÆ Ä \ [ \ [ ( ( ' U ( U (

ZKHUH ([

( )

U DQG (\

( )

U UHSUHVHQW RUWKRJRQDO

FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH FRPSOH[ DPSOLWXGH (

( )

U RI WKHUHIOHFWHGUDGLDWLRQ

$IWHU VROYLQJ (T RQH FDQ VHH WKDW WKH ERXQGDU\ ILHOG RI WKH HSLGHUPLV VXUIDFH LV SRODUL]DWLRQDOO\LQKRPRJHQHRXV,WLVIRUPHGE\ DQHQVHPEOHRIOLQHDUO\SRODUL]HG]RQHVZLWKWKH D]LPXWKVa

( )

U

( )

( )

( )

( )

ÍÜÍÛ

Ú ÍÌ Í Ë Ê D D -D = = FRV FRV VLQ DUFWDQ a r a r r a a U U U U

ZKHUHaPHDQVWKHSRODUL]DWLRQD]LPXWKRIWKH LOOXPLQDWLQJZDYH

5HFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHDQJXODU

VWUXFWXUHRIVNLQVXUIDFHPLFURUHOLHI

,Q IUDPH RI D VLQJOHVFDWWHULQJ DSSUR[LPDWLRQ >@RQHFDQGHWHUPLQHWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ WKH D]LPXWK

a

( )

U

RI KRPRJHQHRXVO\ SRODUL]HG ]RQHRIWKHREMHFWILHOGDQGWKHLQFOLQDWLRQDQJOH

g

RI WKH VNLQ HSLGHUPLV SODWH ,I LOOXPLQDWLRQ DORQJ WKH QRUPDO RI WKH URXJK VXUIDFH LV DGGUHVVHGWKHHTXDWLRQ

( )

(

)

DUFVLQÈÉÇ + + - ØÙ×

= X X X X

U g LVVDWLVIDFWRU\LQZKLFKWKHQRWDWLRQV

( )

=Q + X = Q +

X

( )

( )

WDQ

( )

( )

WDQ WDQ WDQ

= Q U -U X = U -U

X a a a a DUHXVHG 7KXVSRODULPHWU\RIWKHREMHFWILHOGRIVNLQ HSLGHUPLV SURYLGHV D SRVVLELOLW\ IRU GHWHUPLQLQJUHFRQVWUXFWLQJ WKH FRRUGLQDWH GLVWULEXWLRQ g

( )

U RI WKH DQJXODU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RILWVVXUIDFHPLFURUHOLHI

7HFKQLTXH IRU WKH DQDO\VLV RI

FRRUGLQDWH GLVWULEXWLRQV RI RSWLFDO

JHRPHWULFVNLQHSLGHUPLVSDUDPHWHUV

6WDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV FRQVLVWV LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ KLVWRJUDPVRIWKHFRRUGLQDWHGLVWULEXWLRQVa

( )

U

(3)

( )

( )

( )

( )

1 1 T T T T 1 1 T T T T

0 ] ]

1 1 $ ] ( ] 1 1 s s s = = = = = = = =

Ã

Ã

Ã

Ã

ZKHUH

(

;P=Þ<Q=Þ

)

DQG1 =PíQJLYHD QXPEHURISL[HOVRIOLJKWVHQVLWLYHDUHDRI&&' FDPHUDDQG]áa

( )

U RUg

( )

U

,Q RUGHU WR FODVVLI\ WKH FRRUGLQDWH GLVWULEXWLRQVa

( )

U DQGg

( )

U ZH KDYH XVHG WKH DSSURDFKGHVFULEHGLQ>@$WWKHILUVWVWDJHWKH DXWRFRUUHODWLRQ IXQFWLRQV RI ' DUUD\ GHILQHG E\ WKH QXPEHU 1 =PíQ RI SL[HOV FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ WKH UHFHLYLQJ DUHD RI &&' FDPHUD RI WKH ORFDO YDOXHV a

( )

U DQG WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJg

( )

U DUH EHLQJ FDOFXODWHG 7KHQ WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SRZHU VSHFWUD 3

( )

a DQG

( )

g

* DUH IRXQG DQG WKH GHSHQGHQFHVORJ3

( )

a

YV ORJ

( )

U- DQG ORJ*

( )

J YV ORJ

( )

U- DUH SORWWHG ZLWKU- EHLQJ WKH VSDWLDO IUHTXHQFLHV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH FRRUGLQDWHVU RI WKH REMHFW ILHOGSRLQWVDQGJWKHLQFLGHQFHDQJOH)LQDOO\ WKH VORSHVhL DUH FDOFXODWHG IRU WKH REWDLQHG

GHSHQGHQFHV 7KH IUDFWDO GLPHQVLRQ LV WKHQ GHILQHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHDOJRULWKP

( )

WDQ WDQ L ' L ' h g h a -= -= 7KH FRRUGLQDWH GLVWULEXWLRQV a

( )

U DQG

( )

U

g KDYH EHHQ FODVVLILHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH FULWHULDVXJJHVWHGHDUOLHULQWKHZRUN>@

( )

U

a g

( )

U DUH VHOIVLPLODU IUDFWDO LI ZH GHDOZLWKDXQLTXHO\GHILQHGVORSH

h

RIWKHORJ ORJGHSHQGHQFHVRIWKHSRZHUVSHFWUD3

( )

a DQG

( )

J

* ZLWKLQ±GHFDGHVRIVL]HVGHWHUPLQHGE\ WKHILHOGSRLQWFRRUGLQDWHV

( )

U

a g

( )

U DUH VWRFKDVWLF LI ZH GHDO ZLWK VHYHUDO GLIIHUHQW VORSHV

h

L RI WKH ORJORJ GHSHQGHQFHV RI WKH SRZHU VSHFWUD 3

( )

a DQG

( )

J

* ZLWKLQ WKH PHQWLRQHG UDQJH RI WKH FRRUGLQDWHV

U

LLQWKHREMHFWILHOG

( )

U

a g

( )

U DUH VWDWLVWLFDO UDQGRP LI ZH GHDOZLWKWKHDEVHQFHRIZHOOGHILQHGVORSHVRI WKH ORJ3

( )

a YV ORJ

( )

U- DQG ORJ*

( )

J YV

( )

ORJU- GHSHQGHQFHV LQ WKH ZKROH FRRUGLQDWHV

UDQJH

([SHULPHQWDOVWXGLHVDQGGLVFXVVLRQ

7KH RSWLFDO VFKHPH RI WKH H[SHULPHQW LV SUHVHQWHGLQ)LJ/LQHDUO\SRODUL]HGUDGLDWLRQ RI +H1H ODVHU LV WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR FLUFXODUO\ SRODUL]HG OLJKW E\ D TXDUWHUZDYH SODWH 3RODUL]HUVHWV WKH SRODUL]DWLRQ D]LPXWKa RI WKH LOOXPLQDWLQJ EHDP %HDP VSOLWWHU ³GHFRXSOHV´RSWLFDOO\WKHLOOXPLQDWLQJEHDPDQG WKH HSLGHUPLV REMHFW ILHOG $Q REMHFWLYH SURMHFWVWKHODWWHUILHOGWKURXJKDQDO\]HURQWR WKHSODQHRI&&'FDPHUDZKLFKLVFRQQHFWHG ZLWKPLFURSURFHVVRU

)LJ6FKHPHRIH[SHULPHQWDOVHWXS

,W VKRXOG EH HPSKDVL]HG WKDW WKH EHDP VSOLWWHU EULQJV GLVWRUWLRQV LQWR WKH SRODUL]DWLRQ VWDWH RI WKH REMHFW ILHOG RZLQJ WR SRODUL]LQJ LPSDFW RI WKH LQWHUIDFH :H KDYH WDNHQ WKHVH FKDQJHV LQWR DFFRXQW WKURXJK LQWURGXFLQJ WKH PDWUL[WKDWGHVFULEHVODVHUUDGLDWLRQWUDQVPLVVLRQ DQG UHIOHFWLRQ E\ WKH VXUIDFHV RI WKH EHDP VSOLWWHU

( )

J 5 D = T

(4)

EHDP VSOLWWHU VXUIDFHV ZKLFK GHSHQGV RQ WKH LQFLGHQFHDQJOHJ

,W FDQ EH VKRZQ WKDW WKH SRODUL]DWLRQ D]LPXWKa*RIWKHREMHFW ILHOG PHDVXUHGDWWKH

SRLQWZLWKWKHFRRUGLQDWH

U

LVUHODWHGWRWKHUHDO YDOXHRIWKLVREMHFWILHOGSDUDPHWHUWKURXJKWKH IROORZLQJUHODWLRQ

( )

( )

(

(

)

)

( )

[

J J p a J

]

J a

*

= D -D =

=

WDQ

DUFWDQ

5 5

7ZR JURXSV RI KLVWRORJLFDO VHFWLRQV RI WKH HSLGHUPLVOD\HUKDYHEHHQXVHGDVLQYHVWLJDWLRQ REMHFWV1DPHO\WKHJURXS³$´VHH)LJDDQG WKH JURXS ³%´ )LJ E UHIHU UHVSHFWLYHO\ WR SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDO VNLQ DQG WKH RQH WKDW PDQLIHVWV HDUO\ VWDJHV RI SVRULDVLV 7KH WKLFNQHVVRIWKHVHFWLRQVKDVEHHQmPDQGVR FRUUHVSRQGHG WR WKH WHUPV RI VLQJOHVFDWWHULQJ DSSURDFK

)URP WKH PHGLFDO SRLQW RI YLHZ VXFK WKH VDPSOHVDUHSUDFWLFDOO\WKHVDPHVHH)LJDDQG E $SSOLFDWLRQV RI FRPPRQ PHWKRGV RI WKH GDUNILHOG PLFURVFRS\ >@ ODVHU SURILORPHWHUV RU FRQIRFDO VFDQQLQJ PLFURVFRS\ >@ GR QRW SURYLGH D SRVVLELOLW\ IRU GLIIHUHQWLDWLQJ DPRQJ WKRVHVXUIDFHV

)LJ UHSUHVHQWV WKH FRRUGLQDWH DQG VWDWLVWLFDO GLVWULEXWLRQV RI SRODUL]DWLRQ D]LPXWKV RI WKH REMHFW ILHOG IRU WKH HSLGHUPLV RI SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDO )LJ D DQG SDWKRORJLFDOO\FKDQJHG)LJEVNLQ%DVLQJRQ

WKHUHVXOWVREWDLQHGDERYHRQHFDQVHHWKDWWKH ERXQGDU\ILHOGVRIWKHVNLQHSLGHUPLVVDPSOHVRI ERWK W\SHV DUH SRODUL]DWLRQDOO\ LQKRPRJHQHRXV 7KH D]LPXWK YDOXHV DUH UDQGRPO\ GLVWULEXWHG VHH )LJ F DQG G LQ WKH UDQJH RI бР+RZHYHU WKH FRRUGLQDWH DQG VWDWLVWLFDO SRODUL]DWLRQ VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH ERXQGDU\ ILHOGV SHFXOLDU IRU WKH VDPSOHV XQGHU VWXG\ DUH GLIIHUHQW

7KH SRODUL]DWLRQ FKDUW RI SDWKRORJLFDOO\ FKDQJHGVNLQVXUIDFHVHH)LJELVPRUHODUJH VFDOH ZKHQ FRPSDUHG ZLWK SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDOHSLGHUPLV)LJD7KHDYHUDJHVL]HVRI WKH]RQHVZLWKVLPLODUSRODUL]DWLRQaL FRQVW DUHHTXDOWRmPDQGmPUHVSHFWLYHO\

7KHGLVWULEXWLRQRISRODUL]DWLRQD]LPXWKVRI WKH ERXQGDU\ ILHOG W\SLFDO IRU SDWKRORJLFDOO\ FKDQJHG VNLQ VXUIDFH LV UDWKHU HTXLSUREDEOH )LJG ZKLOH WKH KLVWRJUDPV FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDO VNLQ VXUIDFH DUH DV\PPHWULF)LJF

7KHVWDWLVWLFDOPRPHQWVRI WKHILUVW0VHFRQGs WKLUG$DQGIRXUWK (RUGHUVGHVFULELQJWKH'GLVWULEXWLRQRIWKH SRODUL]DWLRQ D]LPXWKV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ 7DEOH

&RPSDUDWLYH DQDO\VLV RI WKH VWDWLVWLFV RI GLIIHUHQW RUGHUV DSSOLHG WR WKH SRODUL]DWLRQ VWUXFWXUHRIWKHERXQGDU\ILHOGRIVNLQHSLGHUPLV RI ERWK PHQWLRQHG W\SHV WHVWLILHV WKDW WKH JUHDWHVW GLIIHUHQFHV ± WLPHV RFFXU IRU WKH DV\PPHWU\$SDUDPHWHUDQGWKHNXUWRVLV(

SDUDPHWHUWKDWGHVFULEHa

( )

U GLVWULEXWLRQV

D E

(5)

7KH SHFXOLDULWLHV RI WKH WZR FRRUGLQDWH GLVWULEXWLRQV aU DUH LOOXVWUDWHG E\ WKH GHSHQGHQFHV ORJ3a YV ORJ3U GHSLFWHG LQ )LJDDQGEUHVSHFWLYHO\

2QHFDQVHHWKDWWKH ERXQGDU\ ILHOGV RI SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDO VNLQ HSLGHUPLV VDPSOHV DUH FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\

SUDFWLFDOO\ VHOIVLPLODU IUDFWDO VWUXFWXUH 7KH VORSHV hL RI WKH ORJORJ GHSHQGHQFHV RI WKH SRZHU VSHFWUD 3a DUH LQYDULDEOH ZLWK WKH DFFXUDF\RI±ZLWKLQDWOHDVW±GHFDGHVRI WKH REMHFW ILHOG SRLQW FRRUGLQDWHV ±mP :H KDYH SHUIRUPHG OLQHDU DSSUR[LPDWLRQ RI )LJ &RRUGLQDWH VWUXFWXUH D E DQG WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ KLVWRJUDPV F G RI SRODUL]DWLRQ D]LPXWKV RI WKH ERXQGDU\ ILHOG W\SLFDO IRU WKH HSLGHUPLV VXUIDFHV RI SK\VLRORJLFDOO\QRUPDODFDQGSDWKRORJLFDOO\FKDQJHGFVNLQ

7DEOH6WDWLVWLFVRIWKHILUVWWRIRXUWKRUGHUVIRUWKHSRODUL]DWLRQD]LPXWKV 6WDWLVWLFVRIHSLGHUPLVILHOG 3K\VLRORJLFDOO\QRUPDO

VDPSOHV 3DWKRORJLFDOO\FKDQJHGVDPSOHV a

0

“ “

a

s

“ “

a

$

“ “

a

(6)

ORJ3a YV ORJ3U GHSHQGHQFHV XVLQJ WKH VWDQGDUG OHDVWVTXDUH URXWLQH DQG WKHQ GHWHUPLQHGWKHVORSHVhL )RU EHWWHU FODULW\ WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJOLQHVDUHGHSLFWHGOLNHWKHVORSHV RIORJ3aYVORJ3UGHSHQGHQFHV

7KH SURFHVVHV RI SDWKRORJLFDO FKDQJHV RI WKHVNLQVXUIDFHVWUXFWXUHPDQLIHVWWKHPVHOYHVLQ

³GHVWUR\LQJ´ ERWK WKH IUDFWDO VWUXFWXUH DQG ³VWDWLVWLFLW\´RIWKHFRRUGLQDWHGLVWULEXWLRQVaU 7KHQ D VLQJOH VORSH hL RI WKH GHSHQGHQFHV ORJ3a YV ORJ3U FDQQRW EH SUDFWLFDOO\ IRXQG

7KH SRVVLELOLWLHV IRU SRODUL]DWLRQ UHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHVXUIDFHPLFURUHOLHIIRUWKH

D E

F

)LJ /RJORJ SORWV IRU WKH SRZHU VSHFWUD RI SRODUL]DWLRQ D]LPXWKV RI WKH ERXQGDU\ ILHOG LQ FDVH RI SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDO D DQG SDWKRORJLFDOO\FKDQJHGEVNLQ7KHUHVLGXDOV DUHVKRZQLQSDUWF

D E

F

(7)

FDVHV RI SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDO DQG SDWKRORJLFDOO\ FKDQJHG VNLQ HSLGHUPLV DUH LOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\,WLVHDV\ WRVHHWKDWWKHLQFOLQDWLRQDQJOHVgU RI PLFUR LUUHJXODULWLHV W\SLFDO IRU WKH ERWK W\SHV RI VNLQ HSLGHUPLV VXUIDFHV FKDQJH LQ WKH UDQJH RI бŠVHH)LJDDQGD7KLVFRUUHODWHVZHOO ZLWK WKH UHVXOWV RI GLUHFW PLFURVFRSLF LQYHVWLJDWLRQV RI WKH LQFOLQDWLRQ DQJOHV SHUIRUPHG IRU PLFURSODWHV RI VNLQ HSLGHUPLV OD\HUXVLQJWKHOLJKWVHFWLRQWHFKQLTXH>@

5RXJK VXUIDFH RI WKH KHDOWK\ VNLQ HSLGHUPLV LV VKDSHG RI SODWHV ZLWK WKH DYHUDJH VL]H RI mP VHH )LJ D 3DWKRORJLFDOO\ FKDQJHG VNLQ HSLGHUPLV SODWHV DUH SUDFWLFDOO\ WLPHVODUJHU)LJD7KHLQIRUPDWLRQREWDLQHG IRUWKHVWDWLVWLFDOPRPHQWVWKDWGHVFULEHWKHgU GLVWULEXWLRQV IRU GLIIHUHQW WLVVXHV SURYHV VHH 7DEOHWKDWWKHGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQWKHIRXUWK RUGHUVWDWLVWLFDOPRPHQWVIRUWKHSK\VLRORJLFDOO\ QRUPDO DQG SDWKRORJLFDOO\ FKDQJHG HSLGHUPLV VXUIDFHV UHDFK RQH RUGHU RI PDJQLWXGH IRU WKH YDOXHV (

( )

g %HVLGHV WKH PLFURUHOLHI RI

WKHURXJKVXUIDFHRIWKHKHDOWK\VNLQHSLGHUPLV KDV D FOHDU VHOIVLPLODU IUDFWDO VWUXFWXUH VHH )LJ E $W WKH VDPH WLPH D UDQGRP GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH LQFOLQDWLRQ DQJOHV RI WKH HSLGHUPLV VXUIDFH PLFURHOHPHQWV LV W\SLFDO IRU WKHSDWKRORJLFDOO\FKDQJHGVNLQVHH)LJE

6XPPDU\

/HW XV ILQDOO\ VXPPDUL]H WKH PDLQ UHVXOWV REWDLQHGLQWKHSUHVHQWZRUN

7KH SRODUL]DWLRQ WHFKQLTXH IRU UHFRQVWUXFWLQJ WKH DQJXODU VWUXFWXUH RI WKH VNLQ VXUIDFHLVHODERUDWHGDQGH[SHULPHQWDOO\WHVWHG ,WLVEDVHG RQ RSWLFDO PRGHOOLQJ RI WKDW VXUIDFH E\DVHWRITXDVLIODWHSLGHUPLVSODWHV

,W LV VKRZQ WKDW WKH NXUWRVLV RI WKH FRRUGLQDWHGLVWULEXWLRQVIRUWKHLQFOLQDWLRQDQJOH RIHSLGHUPLVSODWHVZKRVHYDOXHFKDQJHVZLWKLQ RQHRUGHURIPDJQLWXGHLVWKHPRVWVHQVLWLYHWR WKH DQJXODU VWUXFWXUH FKDQJHV RFFXUULQJ LQ WKH VNLQVXUIDFHPLFURUHOLHI

2SWLFDO JHRPHWULF SURSHUWLHV RI WKH HSLGHUPLV VXUIDFH W\SLFDO IRU SK\VLRORJLFDOO\ )LJ &RRUGLQDWH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH LQFOLQDWLRQ DQJOHV RI HSLGHUPLV SODWHV IRU SDWKRORJLFDOO\FKDQJHGVNLQDDQGORJORJSORWVRIWKHLUSRZHUVSHFWUDE

7DEOH6WDWLVWLFVRIWKHILUVWWRIRXUWKRUGHUVIRUWKHLQFOLQDWLRQDQJOHV 6WDWLVWLFVRIHSLGHUPLV

VXUIDFH 3K\VLRORJLFDOO\QRUPDOVDPSOHV 3DWKRORJLFDOO\FKDQJHGVDPSOHV g

0 “ “

g

s “ “

g

$ “ “

g

(8)

QRUPDO VNLQ UHYHDO D VHOIVLPLODU IUDFWDO VWUXFWXUH

7KH SURFHVVHV RI SDWKRORJLFDO FKDQJHV LQ WKH ELRORJLFDO WLVVXH UHVXOW LQ WKH VXUIDFHV IRU ZKLFK D UDQGRP DQJXODU VWUXFWXUH RI WKH PLFURUHOLHILVW\SLFDO

5HIHUHQFHV

$*8VKHQNRDQG933LVKDNLQµ&RKHUHQW 'RPDLQ 2SWLFDO 0HWKRGV %LRPHGLFDO 'LDJQRVWLFV (QYLURQPHQWDO DQG 0DWHULDO 6FLHQFH¶(G97XFKLQ.OXZHU$FDGHPLF 3XEOLVKHUV±±

-06FKPLWW *;=KRX (&:DONHU DQG

57:DOO-2SW6RF$P$±

5*UDDII $&0'DVVHO 0+.RHOLQN ))0 GH 0XO -*$DUQRXGVH DQG

:*=LMOVWUD $SSO 2SW ±

0-& YDQ *HPHUW '-6PLWKLHV :9HUNUX\VVH 7(0LOQHU DQG -61HOVRQ

3K\V0HG%LRO±

/DVHULQGXFHG LQWHVWLQDO WKHUPRWKHUDS\

(G*0XOOHUDQG$5RJJDQ%HOOLQJKDP 63,(

3LVKDN 93 *U\KRU\VK\Q 3 DQG <HUPROHQNR 6 3URF 63,( ±

$*8VKHQNR/DVHU3K\VLFV± $*8VKHQNR/DVHU3K\VLFV±

<X$8VKHQNR 3URF 63,( ±

)HGHU-)UDFWDOV1HZ<RUN3OHQXP3UHVV

(0DU[ DQG 799RUEXUJHU $SSO 2SW ±

$*HUUDUG DQG -0%XUFK ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR PDWUL[PHWKRGVLQRSWLFV1HZ<RUN-RKQ :LOH\ 6RQV

8VKHQNR $* 2SW (QJ ±

<3=KDR &)&KHQJ *&:DQJ DQG 70/X6XUIDFH6FL/HWW/±/

'-:KLWHKRXVH:HDU±

6RPHNK0*9DOHUD06DQG$SSHO5.

References

Related documents

Inside the definition we can specify additional resources or classes, for example here we’ve included the apache class that ensures all required Apache configuration will

A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Spiritual Nursing Care Education Based in Biblical Truth on Pediatric Nurses' Competence in Providing Spiritual Nursing

metrics and decision support system were used to guide recommendations for CMS Meaningful Use Criteria to promote development of EMR software that supports good opioid prescribing

This paper presents and discusses a few selected issues related to the application of CPTs. Emphasis has been placed on CPT profiles in predominantly normally

The projections of the Baseline scenario depend on different choices, such as the choice of the period for estimating the parameter of the partial adjustment model, the choice of

SUMMARY: Cysts of two amoebae from soil were grown in single-cell cultures to test the effect upon excystment of the presence or absence of bacteria, age and type of

In order to protect both the employer, and the employee from costly tribunals or court appearances it is highly recommended that organisations have robust health and safety