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Unit 2 Note Set 11 In Class Notes Lecture 2 2016

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(1)

AP Biology

In Class Notes Unit 2; Lecture 2 Note

Set 11; Membrane Structure

(2)
(3)
(4)

.

Animal

cell

Lysed

H

2

O

H

2

O

H

2

O

Normal

Hypotonic solution

Isotonic solution

Hypertonic solution

H

2

O

Shriveled

H

2

O

H

2

O

H

2

O

H

2

O

Plant

cell

(5)
(6)
(7)

Solute Potential

ΨS = -iCRT

-i (ionization constant)

C (molar concentration)

R (pressure constant)

(8)
(9)

Facilitated

Diffusion

EXTRACELLULAR

FLUID

Channel protein

Solute

(10)

Active Transport

Cytoplasmic Na+ bonds to

the sodium-potassium pump

CYTOPLASM Na+

[Na+] low

[K+] high

Na+

Na+

EXTRACELLULAR

FLUID [Na

+] high

[K+] low

Na+ Na+ Na+ ATP ADP P

Na+ binding stimulates

phosphorylation by ATP.

Na+

Na+

Na+

K+

Phosphorylation causes the protein to change its conformation, expelling Na+

to the outside.

P

Extracellular K+ binds

to the protein, triggering release of the phosphate group.

P

P

Loss of the phosphate restores the protein’s original conformation.

K+ is released and Na+

sites are receptive again; the cycle repeats.

K+

K+

K+

K+

(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)

.

Receptor

RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

Ligand

Coated

pit

Coated

vesicle

Coat protein

Coat

protein

Plasma

membrane

0.25 µm

References

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