Design and Analysis of Crane Hook with Different Materials

227

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International Journal of Innovative and Emerging

Research in Engineering

e-ISSN: 2394 - 3343 p-ISSN: 2394 - 5494

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CRANE HOOK WITH

DIFFERENT MATERIALS

Ejaj R. Khan

_{, Vinayak S. Kardile}

_{, Pravin D. Dhakane}

_{, Akash P. Gore}

_{, Bhushan D. Mahajan}

Assistant professor, G.H.Raisoni C.O.E.M., Chas, Ahmednagar e

ABSTRACT:

In this paper the crane hook is designed by analytical method and design is done for the different materials like ASTM grade 60(grey cast iron), high strength low alloy steel, structural steel, SAE 1040 and wrought iron. After the analytical method, by using modeling software (CATIA) the design and modeling of crane hook is done. Then analysis of hook is done in FEA software (ANSYS) with different materials. Stress in existing model is determined by the result obtained from ANSYS. By predicting the stress concentration area, the hook working life increase and reduce the failure stress.

Keywords: Crane hook, FEA software (ANSYS), analysis

I. INTRODUCTION

A Crane hooks are always subjected to failure due to concentration of large amount of stresses which can eventually lead to its failure. Crane hooks are generally used to lift the heavy load in industries and constructional sites [1]_{. A crane is a machine,}

equipped with sheaves, wire ropes or chains and hoist used to lift and move heavy material. Cranes are mostly employed in transport, construction and manufacturing industry. Overhead crane, mobile crane, tower crane, telescopic crane, gantry crane, deck crane, loader crane, jib crane, are some of the commonly used cranes. A crane hook is a device used for lifting and grabbing up the loads by means of a crane. It is basically a hoisting fixture designed to engage a link of a lifting chain or the pin of a cable socket. Crane hooks with circular, trapezoidal, rectangular and triangular cross section are commonly used [8]_{. So, crane hook}

must be designed and manufactured to deliver maximum performance without failure.

The crane hooks are vital components and are most of the time subjected to failure due to accumulation of large amount of stresses, which are ultimately leading to failure. Fatigue of the crane hook is happens due to continuous loading and unloading of crane. If the crack is detected in the crane hook, it can cause fracture of the hook. Due to this there is chances of serious accident. Bending stress, tensile stress, weakening of the hook due to wear, plastic deformation due to overloading, excessive thermal stresses are some of the other reasons of failure [1]_{. Fig 1. Shows the general diagram of crane hook.}

228 A. Material Selection

 Structural Steel

 High Strength Low Alloy Steel

 SAE 1040

 Wrought Iron

 ASTM Grade 60(Grey cast iron)

II. ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR STRESS CALCULATION

Components having curved portions are frequently subjected to axial or bending loads or to a combination of bending and axial loads. The stress due to curvature become greater and the results of the equations of straight beams when used becomes less satisfactory, with the reduction in the radius of curved portion.

The dimensions for crane hook are taken as follows: 1) Bed diameter

C = x√P, mm

C = 3.12 × 103

Where, P=load, 49.82 KN

X=constant ranging between 12 to 24.For economic design, x should be as minimum as possible. 2) Throat of Hook (J):2.34 × 103 _mm

3) Depth of cross-section area:

h = 70.89 × 103_mm

4) Width of cross-section (b):

bi= 46.08 × 103mm

5) Parameter of cross-section:

The inner surface of the cross-section is called ad intrados while the outer surface is called as extrados The parameters of cross-section area are:

Ri= 53.16 × 103mm

R2= 8.86 × 103mm

O1O2= 8.86 × 103mm

6) Radius of intrados and extrados: Ri= 1.56 × 103mm

R0= 110.58 × 106mm

7) Stress in crane Hook:-

The crane hook is a curved bar subjected to: - Direct stress(σd)

- Bending stress(σb)

In curved beam the bending stress distribution is non-linear. In curved beam, the neutral axis does not coincide with the centroid or geometrical axis but is shifted towards the centre of curvature by distance “e”. This is due to non-linear distribution of bending stress.

8) Resultant stress at inner surface of crane hook(σi):

A = 10.19.× 103 _mm2

M = 4.14 × 109 _N-mm

σd= 4.88 N/mm2

σb = 75.83 N/mm2

𝛔𝐢 = 𝛔𝐝+ 𝛔𝐛

= 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 + 𝟔𝟓. 𝟖𝟑 𝛔𝐢= 𝟖𝟎. 𝟕𝟏 N/mm2

9) Resultant stress at outer surface of crane hook (σo):

σo = σd+ σbo

σo = P

A+

Mhi

229 The resultant stress at inner surface is additional of tension stress due to direct load and tensile stress due to bending moment. Thus, net stress is addition of two stresses. The resultant stress at outer surface is tensile stress due to direct load and compressive stress due to bending moment. Thus, net stress is different of two stresses.

10) Distance for Trapezoidal Cross-section:-

RN= 6.66

RG= 83.30 × 103

e = Rg− RN

e = 83.30 × 103_{– 6.66}

e = 83.29 × 103

The above equations give the location of neutral axis and the distance between the two for various commonly used cross-sections. The stress concentration

Table 1. Design summary

Material Ultimate

Strength

Direct Stress Bending Stress Resultant

Stress

FOS

High Strength Low Alloy Steel

460 4.88 75.83 80.71 5.69

Structural Steel 440 4.88 75.83 80.71 5.46

SAE 1040 550 4.88 75.83 80.71 6.81

Wrought Iron 300 4.88 75.83 80.71 3.71

ASTM Grade 60 420 4.88 75.83 80.71 5.20

II. ANALYSIS

A. Solid Model B. Meshing C. Loading & Boundary Conditions

230 IV. EQUIVALENT STRESS OF CRANEHOOK

A. ASTM Grade 60(Grey cast iron)

Figure 5. ASTM Grade 60(Grey cast iron)

B. High Strength Low Alloy Steel

231

C. Structural Steel

Figure 7. Structural Steel

D. SAE 1040

232

E. Wrought Iron

Figure 9. Wrought Iron

V. RESULT AND CONCLUSIONS

The stress analysis results are calculated from FEA analysis for various different materials such as ASTM grade 60(grey cast iron), high strength low alloy steel, structural steel, SAE 1040 and wrought iron. For all different materials, we will get different results, by keeping the tone are same with different material topology. It is found that the high strength low alloy steel material gives minimum stress which is describe in below table:

Table 2. Results

LOAD (N) Maximum Elastic

Strain

Equivalent Stress Total

Deformation ASTM Grade 60(Grey cast iron) 0.00090792 106.57 0.75889

High Strength Low Alloy Steel 0.00081354 92.21 0.67

Structural Steel 0.00086167 97.665 0.70963

SAE 1040 0.001562 176.23 1.071

233 REFERENCES

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