Relationship between suicidal ideation and personality in substance abusers

ﻪﻠﺠﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ

هرود 3 هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 3 ، ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ 1388

Vol. 3, No. 3, Fall 2009

تﺎﺤﻔﺻ : 255 -249

Pages: 249-255

دﺎﺘﻌﻣ داﺮﻓا رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ تﺎﻔﺻ و ﻲﺸﻛدﻮﺧ رﺎﻜﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار

Relationship between suicidal ideation and personality in

substance abusers

ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

7 / 10 / 1387 شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ

: 18 / 5 / 1388

! " #$

Ashouri A. MSc_{, Habibi Asgarabad M.} MSc_, Torkman Malayeri M. MSc_{, Javan Esmali A.} BSc

%&'

() :

!

"# $%& & ! '( ')! '*+# ,-. .

+, :

01 " '# 2# 3 &!45 *6 ,.

# )7! 8)! 9')! 4 : 4# '; <6 =! >"

"&"# ?+'& !&

'*+# :

@&

A

"& . > 9 B'(CD E3 4 >-' :

$F 9F

"&"# GHI6 3=%6 $F .

(-. :

F3 J9')!

: '*+# " 9 3F"&& " " 9"7

9 " E66 : - ! 2CL!

M( > F C3+6

"& . F3 : '*+# " 9 3F " " ?%6 9 4 "

" '# - ! ,N M( :"!& 9')! .

J3 >O;

F3 : '*+# " 9 3F " " 9 9"7 "

G >D& =&

" '# - ! F .

(/ 0 :

9=! 9 P 9 35 76

J9')! $"Q 3 # J! :; 4 ") R*

G!; 35 2(3

9=! J 3 3 # S# :

! " .

%1, . :

T U F3 JF

: '*+# ')! J

Abstract

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between suicidal ideations and personality traits in substance abusers.

Method: 80 substance abusers were selected by random cluster sampling and were assessed with revised version of Neo-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R) suicidal ideations questionnaire. Data analysis ran by product-moment Pearson correlation matrix and linear regression.

Results: There was a positive meaningful relationship between neuroticism with guilt feeling and self-destruction and a negative meaningful relationship between conscientiousness with guilt feeling, self-destruction, isolation and depression. Extraversion had a negative relationship with isolation, inertia, hopelessness and inferiority openness had a negative relationship with hopelessness and inferiority, too. Furthermore, there was a negative significance relationship between extraversion and conscientiousness with total score of suicidal ideations.

Conclusion: According to risk of suicide ideation and high rate of the suicide attempt in addicts, especially after relapse identification of risk factors and pre-determinants index to investigating suicide ideation in addicts cause to reduce the risk of suicide attempt in them.

Keywords: Suicidal Ideation, Personality Trait, Substance Abuser

9 >F 9 >"& J # 93 J9V6 J9V6 >B& J'6 $H; #

W

9 >F 9 ''(& J X # 93 J9V6 J93 #= $H; >B& J9V6 #=

J4# JM 9' Y Y4!5 G > 93

93 J! J& $ >B&

_{Corresponding Author:Psychology}

Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

! " # "$%

& '( ) *+

% , -! - . / 01

] 3 [ !

5% 67 89 7* :; - . -<

# . < -< ! 7* $

5; >7

# ? @$? A "B! ]

C [ . <" D!

@$? 7* $ @$? >E

F

< # ] G [ . >

! 7* ! H9 I ;"

J ] K L M L N .[ ;A O

7* P E6 ! 69 ? H <

F ] Q L R L S [ . T< 5 7A UUV )+ ? * A

W6 #X; ! #9(A X AA 7* -<

-M Q # 7! !! ]

3Y [ . )! 89

7* L

ZA 5" [I .: -<

# . ) D! ZA

< \]

@A @$? X ? 7* ! ^!

-"

] 33 [. 7 > AUX _ ! 7

* *

! <? ) ! ^! $` P )

7* (

"

] 3C [ . c ! @% <

5;

7* -<? I # 5" [I F

@<d% c!e #;< ! f: -< X " -F

7* I gX # 5" A? *'

] K [ . X I

h" " ! > L 89 *O

! 5 + ! A ;( _(! ! ? h" $ # 7* ? ? c;O @$? 7* )! X ? )! F 3Q

% ] 3G [ CS % ] 3K [

# 5" W$F .

! * # I > _ #" @UA 7* ]

3Q [ . @<d% ! j`A -<

5"

Fd j1 ? " -<

7A 7* ! 5*

! " .P * < !` ! FA 5d

! j1 ? W$F /' 7*

] 3R L 3S L CY L C3 [ .

Fd ! -<

j1 )X " 5*

j1e *O 7* ! 5* ! E!

6! c;O k

Fd F(? L l" -<

;

#BAJ ] 3M L 3N [ . X I

-!

L

f(

A!

] CC [

m!*

] CG [ 7* ! j1 ? h" ! E! *O

X )! X A )!

E! ! ]

CK L CM [

# .

-!

;< ]

CC [ X 89 l

E! ;A

X )! 7* ! j1 ! FA DU D! FA * AUX ZA

EO ! #" -< 5(? L!I

j EO L5F D(O L !

1

n7 A`< 9/ j "

] CN [ . n"

N

$

o% FA ! @F 7A A`< -<

< .

p EO AA L" #(O L#A L# ` D(O LU:

LF(? LqI j

9 LcUXA -<? L! r$

$ L5F D(O L! _A c L)% m.A

?!

6 A;( -< #"

n" ) 5;A T

# . ZA

sA$J

L $? ! 69 ? ) )$ (O

(< . A A`< 9/ _A! X ) T* 5;A j`(

# #" ]

CQ L CR [. * # 5 7A X I ?]

- 89 7* ! j1 ! F(? qI ] CS [ . j1 ? - ? ! (U 7* ! 5*

(< _(! U! ]

3N L CC [ .

#*"

] GY [ )! 7* ! j1 tA * A 7A

? jJ )( -< 5*

#E! @! .

?]

)( > j1 ? )! <

! 5*

7A 7* jJ -< * <

q T( @!

! -$* 7* ? I T< ! 0*

E!

! A ] CC [ . 5 ! 7* I @$? ) j$A k

E! -? -! j 5 + u j_< l ? ) I% -<? q c;O )? A

] 3N [ .

ZA

(

$A

] G3 [ -? -! j 7A ?

Fd :P (< ? -?

AF+ 5*

X I ?] #

(AF

mv:?

] GC [ J *O

! * # ;ZA

c6 :P (< 7A -? -<

# - #" .

X I wA

-!

$A x * # J

Fd )! @A >y " -<

7* ! j1 -F

( ) E! I! X ? '

` A

j1 #BA AF+ _(! L ! _(! 7 ! " 7* ! .

J A! < * -<

-? T :; L

-< ! _(! ,I1 LA

F! LFA L-? L; FA + ! X ? A ^! 7* ? ? L# -* :V

W6 j; * " T< A -<

+ " A #

-"! qJ ."

! * # 5? {. (! 9 ! c9A

1 #BA ? ! -? -F -A L7* ! j

X ? 5A L T ! -? ( " . LFA ! j O ` );|

# X FA 5*B > ! A .

)!!

A! ) j -! j j }I -_7% -<

ـــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــ ــــــ

ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ دﺎﺘﻌﻣ داﺮﻓا رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ تﺎﻔﺻ و ﻲﺸﻛدﻮﺧ رﺎﻜﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار

251

I > 7* I '( ! J "

# X ? .

! UI ZA

wA ! ! *

@<d% E! -< L ? ZA - ?

Fd 7* c!e " -<

5" ! 6

P A A" 5 {

. : X I Te

I! ! #X; #" 7*

-V X I !

X ? )! '( )

% A . ) X I !

-] GG L GK [ 5"

? * `A ) ! * * ! # * -X

7* A

A F (<

. O @<d%

Fd I! )X < ! );< " -<

" j`A A X X ? 7* ? .

€€O @<d€€% -€€J €€X €€:*

X€€ )€€X

X >7 " B"  $* ! 5* * A

A;A BAJ T€`O !

-RY €.A k€! @<d€% #*€"

" qA .

A;A W " -F

! -& €* €P )€ !

L"  $* ! C

! $* ?€ P

A;A 5" qA k<

! X ?

5€*

k! " @$F $* )  A

.

€€% )€€ l€€7* €€? D€€U @<d

(SIS)

D€€U

w% 5"ZA` ‚A #" :

(NEO-FFI-R)

5.

" . ? DU 7*

: AJ l „… ‚ DU w% #

" 0 5F D(O -F

" L " €UO D€(O -A " L

" $A I! U? 9:] "

L " €( * "

" F€(? "

DU „ † ‡;A ˆ „ `€ .

SIS

H€

;V

-?

L

99O

7!

] „‰ [ # 5" !`< .

DU ) A;A

>7 -Š‰‹

5_€7A -`7A -€<

`7A 5F B )

Œ‰‹ ˆ‰ (% & „…Ž €`

„‰ ' >< ( h; $* X €B B€" €

) ‰Ž =

n

(

" . 7* ? >* 5;A -! t9A* -. J 0 F

DU 0€ € 5F D(O -<

-€A L-€F

$A L UO D(O €U? €9:]

€( €* L€I!

0€€ €€! F€€(? „

/ Ž L …„ / Ž L …Š / Ž L …Ž / Ž L ‹„ / Ž L ‹Œ / Ž

A€7A * " 9V _

#€ D€U q€ €A A€(;< .

5€;A )! _(9;< 0 -€<

ŠŽ €! #€!A A€J

:P? ˆŠ ŒŽ @` -! 9

" 9V J! .

7* ? >* 5;A -! 0 ) D€U F

-€<

5F D(O 9:]$A L UO D(O -A L9

! F(? L( * LI! U? 0€

… / Ž =

r

…‹

/ Ž =

r

…‰ / Ž =

r

…Š / Ž =

r

…ˆ / Ž =

r

…Œ / Ž =

r

}I€€€

ŽŽˆ / Ž

p<

X l A7A * A! 9

# J! @!

DU # .

T< ? DU T€< - \] 7*

€

@% *A A

’!

" 9V :P A;A >* .

w€A

€€:* 5€€;A )€€! €€* €€7A €€% _€€(9;< 0€€ A€€J @€€% €€< €€*A €€A

€€!

€€! €€? >€€* 5€€;A

7* ;< F l€X #€9y _(9

) Žˆ / Ž

p<

& Œˆ / Ž =

r

( €! L

0€ 5€F D(O DU #€9y _€(9;< -€F

lX ) Žˆ / Ž

p<

& Œˆ / Ž =

r

( D€(O -€A D€U ! L

;< €€UO €€X #€€9y _€€(9

l ) Žˆ / Ž

p<

& Œˆ / Ž =

r

( €€! L

€I! U? 9:]$A DU _€(9;<

l€X #€9y

) Žˆ / Ž

p<

& ˆ / Ž =

r

( €€I! €€( €€* D€€U €€!

;< l€X #€9y _(9

) Žˆ / Ž

p<

& ˆ„ / Ž =

r

( D€U €!

;< I! F(? l€X #€9y _(9

) Žˆ / Ž

p<

& ˆ‰ / Ž =

r

(

. €(U \€] €7* €? €. €

5;A X 5F -< )

‰Ž =

n

( `7A ) Š‰‹ =

n

( >* 5;A

7*? F

) Ž‰ / Ž

p<

& ‰ / „ =

‰Ž‰

t

( DU L D€(O -<

0€€ 5€€F -€€F

) Ž‰ / Ž

p<

& ‹Œ / Œ =

‰Ž‰

t

( -€€A L

UO D(O )

Ž‰ / Ž

p<

& Ž„ / Œ =

‰Ž‰

t

( I! U? 9:]$A L

) Ž‰ / Ž

p<

& Š / Œ =

‰Ž‰

t

( ( * L )

Ž‰ / Ž

p<

& …Ž / „ =

‰Ž‰

t

(

F(? ) Ž‰ / Ž

p<

& Ž / „ =

‰Ž‰

t

( €? H€ €* €7A

DU ;< >* 5;A 7* 7! X 5F <

# 5! `7A 5F ]

„‰ [.

‚A #" : w% 5"ZA` DU :

j? J )

5* @% 5" ZA` A

-! * # ‚A #" 5"

w% @` ! #" >

* . M :P

1 ! J ) * #" F

" -AdA

A`< 9/ !! "

)

N

( L " ! !! F F

"

)

E

( L " !` ! ! ! 7A <

< " )

O

( L " ! ~v "

)

A

( L

" * ! @F ! ! "

)

C

( (< . :P X L

A A(;< NR

/ Y RN / Y 9 ! J! 5

.< :P?

-RN / Y SY / Y 5" W$F DU w% -!

# ] GN [.

e!1

] GQ [ 0 9

@% > -! A

N

L

E

L

O

L

A

L

C

! 0 RG / Y L QM / Y L RY / Y L QS / Y QS / Y

# 5* W$F .

@% ) ! A

_(9;< W

DU @% ! J -< #" A

A$J

>

`A QC

/ Y ! > F

QY / Y # 5" W$F

] GR [. Fd )! I! ! -! O @<d% -<

7* ? ! " )X F

_(9;< m

" 5. I F .

( . x )! _(9;< m 7* ? -<

Fd ! F " -< !" ← #$ % & '( ) ↓ *# +,-" .(/ 0 "1 & 2- +,-" 034"1" 5"! +,-" " ), #.,!" .1 !" 6 ".# 5" 1 1$ & ** KC / Y ** GQ / Y 3R / Y ** GS / Y * CN / Y ** KG / Y 5.7 ".# ** GS / Y ” ** NG / Y ” ** KQ / Y ” ** KY / Y ” ** GR / Y ” ** M3 / Y ”

89/ .7".7 57 :7 Y3 / Y ” CC / Y ” YM / Y 3C / Y ” 33 / Y ” YM / Y ” #:; & ** GK / Y ” ** KK / Y CY / Y ” ** KM / Y ” ** GY / Y ” ** KG / Y ” 5"7 57 ** MM / Y ” ** NY / Y ” ** KK / Y ” ** MY / Y ” ** MC / Y ” ** NC / Y ” )! % 5 )! DU 7* ? DU >* 5;A < ! F

dA A ? -X #9y I! -X

l -#" ) YM / Y p< (L ! U? D(O 9:]$A )! -AdA X I! l ! A # ) YM / Y p> ( lX & $ @$? !

" Fd 7* ? -AdA

X F

@$? ! . )! Fd " ! F 5 DU <

7* ? DU >* 5;A X . I! F

l -! J # ) Y3 / Y p< ( lX & ! X ? + < "! F

L

7* ? c;O @<* BAJ F

! . )! Fd

7* ? q` !! ! ! " I! F

X e . l

! J # ) YM / Y p> ( lX & +<

? q` !! ! ! " Fd $ ! @$? X L

7* ? c;O @<* BAJ F

! . )! 7* ? ! -F " Fd F

X . I! l

! J # ) YM / Y p< (L ! I! )

X U? D(O 9:]$A ! -F " Fd l 9A ) YM / Y p> .( ? ! ! ! " Fd )!

7* X . I! F l ! J # ) Y3 / Y p< ( lX &

! @$? )X ! ! " Fd +< L

7* ? c;O F @<* BAJ ! ) c 3 (. < ( 9 5F D(O F c

. x - " Fd -<

=) . B S.E Beta t p R2 F p >7? NC / C3 YK / Q YY / Y YQ / G YY3 / Y 5" 1$1 & GK / Y 3G / Y GC / Y MC / C YY3 / Y 5.7 ".# CY / Y ” 3K / Y 3R / Y ” GR / 3 ” R3 / Y KG / Y NN / Q YY3 / Y 57:7 89/ .7".7 YG / Y ” 3N / Y YG / Y ” CG / Y ” CS / Y #:; & 3G / Y 3C / Y 3QY / Y ” YN / 3 RN / Y 57 5"7 GR / Y ” 3G / Y KM / Y ” RN / C ” YY3 / Y " Fd L KG % 5 • 5F D(O DU

)9 )X 9 * ) Y3 / Y p< & NNR / Q = ) MY M( f .( 5 DU -AdA ) YM / Y p< & GKK / Y = B ( ! ! ) Y3 / Y p< & GR3 / Y = B ( @% / ! X F* l

9 5F D(O " ) c C ( . @ ( UO D(O -A F c

. x - " Fd -<

=) . B S.E Beta t p R2 F p >7? C3 / GR 3Q / M ” GRC / Q YY3 / Y 5" 1$1 & 3S / Y 3Y / Y CY / Y SYK / 3 YN / Y 5.7 ".# GQ / Y ” 33 / Y GR / Y ” GN / G ” YYC / Y MS / Y SY / 3K YY3 / Y 57:7 89/ .7".7 CM / Y ” YR / Y C3 / Y ” 3C / G ” YY3 / Y #:; & 3K / Y YS / Y C3 / Y MM / 3 3C / Y 57 5"7 GQ / Y ” YS / Y M3 / Y ” 33 / K ” YY3 / Y A ( U? D(O 9:]$A F c

. x - " Fd -<

=) . B S.E Beta t p R2 F p >7? YQ / C3 CQ / K ” SC / G YY3 / Y 5" 1$1 & YK / Y YR / Y YQ / Y MR / Y MN / Y 5.7 ".# CK / Y ” YS / Y GR / Y ” QC / C ” YYS / Y GG / Y YS / M YY3 / Y 57:7 89/ .7".7 YG / Y ” YS / Y YK / Y ” GK / Y ” QG / Y #:; & 33 / Y YQ / Y CM / Y MK / 3 3C / Y 57 5"7 3S / Y ” YQ / Y KY / Y ” Q3 / C ” Y3 / Y

Fd " -< L

NY % 5 • -A DU

)X UO D(O 9 ) A* ) Y3 / Y p< & SY / 3K = ) MY M( f (. 5 DU ! -< F ) Y3 / Y p< & GQG / Y ” = B ( q` !! ! ! L ) YM / Y p< & CMC / Y ” = B ( ! ! ) Y3 / Y p< & GQG / Y ” = B ( @% / ! F* X l UO D(O A " ) c G (. Fd " -< L GG % 5 • 9:]$A DU

ـــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــ ــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ دﺎﺘﻌﻣ داﺮﻓا رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ تﺎﻔﺻ و ﻲﺸﻛدﻮﺧ رﺎﻜﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار 253 YS / M = ) MY M( f .( 5 ! DU F ) Y3 / Y p< & CKK / Y ” = B ( ! ! ) YM / Y p< & 3SY / Y ” = B ( @% / ! F* X l U? D(O 9:]$A -" ) c K ( .

B ( * F . x - (

" -< =) . B S.E Beta t p R2 F p >7? NS / 3R Q3 / M ” CQ / G YYC / Y 5" 1$1 & 33 / Y 33 / Y 3G / Y YY / 3 G3 / Y 5.7 ".# YS / Y ” 3C / Y CM / Y ” KK / C ” YG / Y GN / Y QM / M YY3 / Y 57:7 89/ .7".7 3S / Y 3G / Y 3R / Y GQ / 3 3K / Y #:; & 33 / Y ” YS / Y 3R / Y ” 3M / 3 ” CM / Y 57 5"7 33 / Y ” 3Y / Y 3Q / Y ” YM / 3 ” CS / Y

Fd " -< L

GN % 5 • * DU

)9 )X ( A* ) Y3 / Y p< & QM / M = ) MY M ( f .( 5 DU ! F ) 3 / Y p< & CC / Y ” = B ( / @% ! F* X l ( * #" ) c M (. C ( . x - F(? F " -< =) . B S.E Beta t p R2 F p >7? 3G / KC SY / R ” QG / K YY3 / Y 5" 1$1 & 3G / Y 3Q / Y 33 / Y RY / Y KC / Y 5.7 ".# CG / Y ” 3R / Y 3R / Y ” CM / 3 ” C3 / Y GK / Y C3 / M YY3 / Y 57:7 89/ .7".7 CG / Y ” CY / Y 3K / Y ” 3M / 3 ” 3S / Y #:; & CC / Y 3N / Y CG / Y GY / 3 3R / Y 57 5"7 MM / Y ” 3Y / Y MQ / Y ” MQ / M ” YY3 / Y D ( 7* ? >* 5;A F . - F

" -< =) . B S.E Beta t p R2 F p >7? 3R / 3KC QQ / CM ” M3 / M YY3 / Y 5" 1$1 & RK / Y MY / Y CY / Y NQ / 3 3Y / Y 5.7 ".# CS / 3 ” KM / Y GY / Y ” GN / C YC / Y KS / Y NK / S YY3 / Y 57:7 89/ .7".7 GS / Y ” MR / Y YQ / Y ” NQ / Y ” MY / Y #:; & MS / Y ” KR / Y 3S / Y ” C3 / 3 ” CG / Y 57 5"7 NR / 3 ” KS / Y GS / Y ” KC / G ” YY3 / Y

Fd " -< L GM % 5 • F(? DU

)9 )X A* ) Y3 / Y p< & C3 / M = ) MY M( f (. 5 DU ! ! ) Y3 / Y p< & MMN / Y ” = B ( @% / ! F* X l F(? #" ) c N (. Fd " -< L MY % 7* ? • F )X )9 A* ) Y3 / Y p< & NKQ / S = ) MY M ( f (. 5 DU -< ! F ) YM / Y p< & CSS / 3 ” = B ( ! ! ) Y3 / Y p< & NRY / 3 ” = B ( @% / ! X F* l ? -7* F " ) c Q (. EF7 > 5;

q(V 7– !

" ] K [ . ! 69 )! \? 7– c;O

9U CY

# #X; >– 7! !! .

O

3M % 7– ! j1 ! 69 ? –

.

7– h" $ ) L j jU ] GG [.

Fd LF wA D ! " -<

L-AdA

! F ! ! -F Lq` !! ! ! L

KG % L9 5F D(O mA NY

% mA

L UO D(O -A GG

% D(O 9:]$A mA

LU? GN % L( * mA GM % mA F(? MY % ? >* 5;A mA 7* F )9 * . 5F * ! J *O O @<d% wA

Fd )X " -<

5F D(O ! -AdA

Fd ?] 9y I! )X 9 9 5F D(O ! ! ! " . I! )X . ? ! ? ) -<

>(<

;< ] GS [

*+

$:

] KY [L

] GG L GK [

$A

m**

] K3 [ # ;< .

? ) )9 ) !

? D ! * * 5" ? -<

*



*

] KC [

(

L

6*

)_:

] KG [ )! f] FAdA

! I! . ` ;B @UA A`< 9/

. f] j .

! " Fd ! q` !! ! ! F

. I! )X UO D(O -A .

! . I! ? ! -A F

-<

—

] KK [ L

*+

$:

] KY [ J )9 # ;<

! #.F " Fd F

X ! * # -~%

n7 ! W7! ) "

F(? -A !

. I! .

$A -A q` ! #9(A ! ! )! . I! ? ! -<

)"!

;< ] KM [

(

;< ] KN [ ? ) )99 #(A ;< ? ) !

*



*

] KQ [ #9y A`< ! ? * #" 5"

!` " . *

! " Fd 9:]$A ! ! ! F

. I! )X U? D(O .

? ! $A ? )

*+

$:

] KY [ L



] KR [

—

] KK [ A;< .

! " Fd I! )X ( * ! F

. . ! " Fd F X ! * #

-~%

n7 ! W7! ) "

#9y f] !

# 89 .

! ? * ! BAJ #X9] 5! cX? F

# | ( .

I! )X F(? ! ! ! " Fd . .

? ! $A ? )

*+

$:

] KY [ L



] KR [

—

] KK [ J )9 A;<

*+

$:

] KY [

—

] KK [ ! * AUX f] ! F

) # 89 #9y I!

F(? ! . -.

! " Fd ? >* 5;A ! ! ! F

7* . I! F .

? ! $A ? ) -<

*+

$:

] KY [ L

] GG L GK [ # ;< .

J *

! $A ! ! # 89 #9y f] ! F

UUV D! F(? -A ! . I! ]

KS [

(< . f] -A 7* ? ` *

) A @UA ! cUX ? )

ZA .

9)1 &.#

$ ! E! 7* ? ! )?JI ! ! ! X )! 7* ! j1 -< X!

( " @% <*?

#(! n" -<

? ) " #B < @<* I $ A

] K L

33 [ . ! " .P O @<d%

5; ( ) X )! 7* ? -<*?

# ?F 1 ! ^V! .

-?F L 67 /J L<

L:•" LFA -? g ;

T< 7* ? + F

] GK [ 5A L? # 5" ^!

E‚( <

-F:  L-_7% -! X

;* 0(* P #7F! J! -<

* ; J* n ? .

! ; )

#Z?V I > 5*

Fd >y " -<

/ @<* _(! L ? T< J q 7* +

] M [ ( ˜$! F A

@% ! _(! ,I1 j % -F

-? -<

"! 7* ! j1 ! _(! ;

.

9 !

Fd < " -A

• !y ! k

>X 5*

I % ! _(! -X! -<

7* ? ? >y * >; F

. 7 -_7% 5O

Fd " ! A -<

# ? " ? ! <

" Fd -

#" >y I gX ! L;

`< -F L5

@% )" # ! jF  L, " #X BFJ

-_7% -X! 67 * #*O I > : * >B( ( .

G7*

1- Carr A. The handbook of child and adolescents clinical psychology. UK: Rutledge; 1999.

2- Bridge JA, Goldstein TR, Brent DA. Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. J Clin Psychol Psychiatr. 2006;47:372-94.

3- Crumley FE. Substance abuse and adolescent suicidal behavior. J Am Med Assoc. 1990;263:3051-6.

4- Murphy GE. Suicide and substance abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45:593-4.

5- O’Boyle M, Brandon AA. Suicide attempts, substance abuse and personality. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1998;15(44):353-6.

6- Ramchand R, Griffin BA, Harris KM, McCffery MAR. A prospective investigation of suicide ideation, attemps and use of mental health service among adolescents in substance abuse treatment. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008;22(4):524-32.

7- Harris C, Barraclough B. Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. Br J Psychiatr. 1997;170:205-28. 8- Dark S, Ross J. Suicide among heroin users: Rates, risk factors and methods. Addiction. 2002;97:1383-94. 9- Barraclough BM, Sheperd DM. A necessary neologism: The origin and uses of suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1994;24(2):113-26.

10- Deykin EY, Buka SL. Suicidal ideation and attempts among chemically dependent adolescents. Am J Public Health. 1994;84(4):634-9.

11- Hirschfield RMA, Davidson L. Risk factors for suicide. In: Frances AJ, Hales RE, editors. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; 1998.

12- Jessor R. Risk behavior in adolescence: A psychosocial framework for understanding and action. J Adolesc Health. 1991;12:597-605.

13- Schuckit MA. Primary men alcoholics with histories of suicide attempts. J Stud Alcohol. 1986;47:78-81. 14- Whitters AR, Cadoret R, Widmer R. Factors associated with suicide attempts in alcohol abusers. J Affect Disord. 1985;9:19-23.

15- Felts WM, Chernier T, Barnes R. Drug use and suicide ideation and behavior among North Carolina public students. Am J Public Health. 1992;82:870-2.

16- Marzuk PM, Tardiff K, Leon AC, Stajic M, Morgan EB, Mann JJ. Prevalence of cocaine use among residents of New York City who committed suicide during a one-year period. Am J Psychiatr. 1992;149:371-5.

17- Renaud J, Berlim MT, McGirr A, Tousignant M, Turecki G. Current psychiatric morbidity, aggression/impulsivity and personality dimensions in child and adolescent suicide: A case-control study. J Affect Disord. 2008;105(1-3):221-8.

ـــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــ ــــــ

ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ دﺎﺘﻌﻣ داﺮﻓا رد ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ تﺎﻔﺻ و ﻲﺸﻛدﻮﺧ رﺎﻜﻓا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار

255

19- Fergusson DM, Beautrais AL, Horwood LJ. Vulnerability and resiliency to suicidal behaviors in young people. Psychosom Med. 2003;33:61-73.

20- Gladstone GL, Parker GB, Mitchell PB, Malhi GS, Kay W, Austin MP. Implications of childhood trauma for depressed women: An analysis of pathways from childhood sexual abuse to deliberate self-harm and re-victimization. Am J Psychol. 2004;161:1417-25.

21- Useda JD, Duberstein PR, Conner KR, Conwell Y. Personality and attempted suicide in depressed adults 50 years of age and older: A facet level analysis. Compr Psychiatry. 2004;45(5):353-61.

22- O’Boyle M, Elisif AA. Suicide attempts, substance abuse and personality. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1998;15(44):353-6.

23- Jacobs P. Suicide and clinical practice. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; 1992.

24- Roy AD, Lamparski D, DeJong J, Moore V, Linnoila M. Characteristics of alcoholics who attempt suicide. Am J Psychiatr. 1990;147:761-5.

25- Levy JC, Drykin EY. Sociality, depression and substance abuse in adolescent. Am J Psychiatr. 1989;146:1462-7.

26- Eysenck HJ, Eysenck MW. Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York: Plenum Press; 1985.

CQ ” A $ " L $ " )

. ZA #" -< .

-;V V L

T . B : &@ 7A 3GQS

.

28- Pervin LA, John OP. Personality: Theory and research. 8th _{ed. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons; 2001.}

29- Bronisch T, Wittchen HU. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: Comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders and substance abuse. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1994;244(2):93-8.

30- Ward NG, Schuckit MA. Factors associated with suicidal behavior in poly-drug abusers. J Clin Psychiatr. 1980;41:379-85.

31- Lacey JH, Evans CDH. The impulsivity: A

multi-impulsivepersonalitydisorder.Br JAddict.1986;81:641-9. 32- Gunderson JG, Phillips KA. A current view of the interface between borderline personality disorder and depression. Am J Psychiatr. 1991;148:967-75.

33-RoyA.Characteristics ofcocainedependentpatients whoattemptsuicide.AmJPsychiatr.2001;158(88):1215-9. 34- Roy A. Characteristics of opiate dependent patients who attempt suicide. J Clin Psychiatr. 2002;63(5):403-7.

GM ” -;V :;V 7! L9` 99O L:;V ? .

#

`< †? DU ! `7A )! 7–

. j: :`

" . 3GRK & N3:K ” GGS .

36- McCrae RR, Costa PT. A contemplated revision of the NEO five-factor inventory. Pers Individ Dif. 2004;36(3):587-96.

GQ ” e!1 )(O . :•" # " .P )! I! !

* -* A* * ]

% "* A "

.[ $9 :

&$9 5_7A ! j: 57A 3GRC

.

GR ” 7! 1! LD9 % (

TP <" .

Fd -< `

@% ZA` A A$J #" 5"

” 5* j? . >? A

PX " .

3GRM &3 ) C :( C ” 3Y .

39- Heisel MJ, Duberstein PR, Conner KR, Franus N, Beckman A, Contwell Y. Personality and reports of suicide ideation among depressed adults 50 years of age or older. J Affect Disord. 2006;90:175-80.

40- Chioqueta AP, Stiles TC. Personality traits and the development of depression, hopelessness and suicide ideation. Pers Individ Dif. 2005;38:1283-91.

41- Enns MW, Cox BJ. Personality dimensions and depression: Review and commentary. Can J Psychol. 1997;42(3):274-84.

42- Costa PT, McCrae RR. Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980;38(4):668-78.

43- Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;54(6):1063-70.

44- Velting DM. Suicidal ideation and the five-factor model of personality. Pers Individ Dif. 1999;27(5):943-52. 45- Duberstein PR, Conwell Y, Caine ED. Age differences in the personality characteristics of suicide completers: Preliminary findings from a psychological autopsy study. Psychiatry. 1994;57(3):213-24.

46- Tsoh J, Chiu HFK, Duberstein PR, Chan SSM, Chi I, Yip PSF, et al. Attempted suicide in the Chinese elderly: A multi-group controlled study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13:562-71.

47- Costa PT, McCrae RR. Revised professional manual NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1992.

48- Dyck MJ. Positive and negative attitudes mediating suicide ideation. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 199;21:360-73.

49- Weishaar ME, Beck AT. Clinical and cognitive predictors of suicide. Assessment and prediction of suicide. In: Maris RW, Berman AL, Maltsberger JT, Yufit RI, editors. London: Guilford Press; 1992.