Single Line Diagram: System Data: Local End: Remote End: Voltage: 132.00 kV Circuit Length: 0.45 km Max. Loading 25.50 MW PF 0.90
Base Impedance: 174.24 Ω =((KV)^2)/MVA Max Loading: 123.93 A
Max. Fault Current 56.94 pu
Min.Fault Current 70.00 % of Max. fault current
Impedances: All values are total values in % on 100MVA base
R1 X1 R0 X0
9.31E-04 2.22E-03 2.33E-03 9.31E-03
Z1 Mag 0.00240363 pu
R0m X0m Z1 Angle 67.2114 Deg
0 0 Z0 Mag 0.0096 pu
Z0 Angle 75.9609 Deg
Max. Fault current 9920.79 A Min. fault current 6944.553 A
Max.Fault MVA 13.0954428 MVA Min.Fault MVA 9.16680996 MVA
Positive Phase Sequence Zero Phase Sequence
Mutual Zero Phase Sequence
Total Line Imepdence (Z1) 0.02 In ohms Zero Seq. Impedence (Z0) 0.09 In ohms Bina 400 KV 52 89 89 Gwalior400 KV 52 Bina 400 KV 52 89 89 Gwalior400 KV 52
Page: 2
CT Ratio: 150/1
Ratio Used: 150 /1
VT Prim Voltage: 132 (kV) Phase to Phase voltage VT Sec Voltage: 110 (V) Phase to Phase voltage
VT Ratio: 1200 :1
Relay Rating: 1.0 Amp(s)
Element Used:
Ranges available Min - All Zones Reach - Max Step Size
0.02 500.00 0.01 values shown in secondary ohms
30 90 1 values shown in Degrees
Setting Criteria:
Distance protection shall be set as follows: Zone 1
i) Reach at the line angle of 80% of the protected line (ii) Time delay - 0 seconds
Zone 2
i) Reach at the line angle of 120% of the protected line ii) Time delay of 0.5 seconds.
Zone 3
i) Reach at the line angle of 170% of the protected line ii) Time delay of 1.0 seconds.
The Main Protection is a distance protection scheme using a D60 UR relay. The D30 consists of five phase and ground distance zones of protection (either mho or quadrilateral characteristics). In addition to the Main protection, the D30 also provides Powerswing Blocking, Directional Earth fault protection, Overvoltage protection, Fault Recording and VT supervision.
DISTANCE
Min - Relay Char Ang - Max
Local End Remote End
FP1 UR Relay - D60 End A CT FP2 End B CT F1 F5 F1 F5
Page: 3
ZONE 1: Phase Settings:
The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line: +ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 RCA zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Direction Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Shape
Required zone 1 reach = 0.0188 Ω sec = 0.8 * Z
Time Delay on zone 1 = 0.000 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Delay
The Phase Distance Z1 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone: Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit
The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings: 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit
Min Fault at 132 = 13.1 MVA = 763.624
Zone 1 Reach = 0.0188 Fault at limit of zone 1 = 763.643
= 57 A
= 0.382 pu
Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 0.382
Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Supervision Ground Settings:
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Direction Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Shape Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Ang Ground distance reach = 0.02 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit
0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld RCA 0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld RCA 0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Supervision Time Delay on zone 1 = 0.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Delay Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) -1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA
ZONE 2: Page: 4
Phase Settings:
The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line: +ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 RCA zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Direction Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Shape
Required zone 2 reach = 0.0283 Ω sec = 1.2 * Z
Time Delay on zone 2 = 0.500 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Delay
The Phase Distance Z2 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone: Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit
The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings: 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit
Min Fault 13.1 MVA = 0.399
Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052 Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104
= 3517 A
= 3.517 pu
Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 3.517
Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Supervision Ground Settings:
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Direction Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Shape Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Ang Ground distance reach = 0.03 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit
0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld RCA 0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld RCA 0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Supervision Time Delay on zone 2 = 0.500 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Delay Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
ZONE 3: Page: 5
Phase Settings:
The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line: +ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 RCA zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Direction Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Shape
Required zone 3 reach = 0.0400 Ω sec = 1.7 * Z
Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Delay
The Phase Distance Z3 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone: Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit
The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings: 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit The load blinder shall be set with the same RCA as above and the maximum allowable resistive reach:
Min Fault at 13.1 MVA = 0.399
Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052 Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104
= 3517 A
= 23.440 pu
Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 23.44
Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Supervision Ground Settings:
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Direction Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Shape Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9.0000 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Ang Ground distance reach = 0.04 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit
0.02 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld RCA 0.00 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld RCA 0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Supervision Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Delay Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
Blinder = sqrt(3)*Reach *( Tan(RCA)
-Power Swing Blocking: Page: 6 The Power Swing Blocking function is required, therefore apply the following settings:
Is Power Swing Block Required: Yes
Enabled Setting = POWER SWING DETECT Function Quad
Two step 0.05 pu 0.04 Ω sec
0.04 Ω sec Setting = Quad Fwd Out 87 Degrees Setting = Fwd Rca 0.01 Ω sec Setting = Rev Reach 0.01 Ω sec Setting = Quad Rev Out 0.04 Ω sec Setting = Outer Rgt Bld 0.008 Ω sec Setting = Outer Lft Bld
0.03 Ω sec Setting = Inner Rgt Bld 0.006 Ω sec Setting = inner Lft Bld
0.1 sec Setting = Delay 1 Pickup 0.05 sec Setting = Delay 1 Reset
ON Setting = Block Mode
Switch On To Fault
Min Fault at 132 = 9.2 MVA Less infeed from 0.45
Z fault = 3272.817 % = (3 * Z1s) + (2 * Z1ohl) + (Z0ohl)
3Io fault = 207.5 = 3 * Io
Required current setting = 159.6 A prim
= 1.064 pu
= 1.064 pu Setting = Phase IOC Line Pickup
Undervoltage setting = 0.850 pu Setting = UV Pickup
LEO Pickup Delay = 0.000 s Setting = Line End Open Pickup Delay SOTF time = 0.200 s Setting = Line End Open Reset Delay
= 0.200 s Setting = OV Pickup Delay
High Speed AR Bypass = Enabled Setting = Autoreclose Coordination Bypass
Directional Earth Fault
Element Used:
Range available I Pickup Min I Pickup Max Step Size
0.000 30.000 0.001 values shown pu (of Relay Rating)
RCA -90 Deg 90 Deg 1 Deg
Required current setting = 437.386 A prim MVA/(Sqrt(3) X KV)
= 2.916 pu
RCA -15 Degrees
NEUTRAL EARTHFAULT DIR. OVERCURRENT Setting = Shape Setting = Mode Setting = Supv
Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) -1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA)
VT Fuse Failure function: Page: 7
Function Enabled Setting = VT Fuse Failure Function
The associated time delay is set using TIMER 9
VT Fail Alarm Timer = 3 seconds Setting = TIMER 9 Pickup Delay
The VT fuse fail can be used to block the operation of the Main Protection:
Is VT Fuse Fail to block MP: Yes Normal setting is "Yes" Enabled (Block ON) Setting = LATCH 3 Function
Phase Overvoltage
Element Used Stage1 for Alarm
Enabled Enabled Enabled
FxE 1 FxE 2 FxE 3 Setting = Flexielement Function Vag RMS Vbg RMS Vcg RMS Setting = input
SIGNED SIGNED SIGNED Setting = Input Mode LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL Setting = Compartor Mode
OVER OVER OVER Setting =Direction Type
1.150 pu 1.150 pu 1.150 pu Setting = Pickup Level 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% Setting = Hystersis
Element Used: Stage 2 For Trip
Measured Quantity = Setting = PHASE U/V1 Mode Required Under volts setting = 1.200 pu Setting = PHASE U/V1 Pickup
Characteristic = Definite Time Setting = PHASE U/V1Curve Time Delay = 0.00 Setting = PHASE U/V1 Delay Minimum voltage = 0.300 Setting = PHASE U/V1
Phase to Ground
This is designed to detect the loss of either 1, 2 or all 3 phase voltages. To detect the loss of 1 or 2 phases, the relay looks for a significant level of -ve sequence voltage, to detect loss of 3 phases, the relay looks for +ve sequence current and insignificant +ve sequence voltage. The fuse fail alarm is inhibited for a fault condition.
As the settings for the voltage/current pickups are inbuilt to the relay, the only selectable setting for this function is to enable or disable it.
Flexi element 1,2 & 3
UR Distance Quadrilateral Blinder at Load Angle Calculations Page: 8
Milliseconds Milliseconds Milliseconds Milliseconds
20 20 20 20
0.300 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s
OFF OFF OFF OFF
Self-reset Self-reset Self-reset Self-reset Enabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
)
).(
tan(
.
2
3
1
)
tan(
.
Re
.
3
:
And
3
1
)
tan(
.
3
)
).(
tan(
.
2
3
2
.
)
30
tan(
.
Re
3
1
)
tan(
)
).(
tan(
.
3
1
)
.(
)
tan(
.
)
tan(
:
therefore
,
and
meet,
lines
When
.
3
1
.
)
30
tan(
:
)
.(
)
tan(
.
)
tan(
:
BldStg
BldRCA
BldRCA
ach
BldStg
BldRCA
BldStg
BldRCA
X
X
ach
BldRCA
BldStg
BldRCA
X
X
BldStg
BldRCA
X
BldRCA
y
y
X
x
x
x
y
Load
BldStg
BldRCA
x
BldRCA
y
Blinder
Blinder Setting =BldStg X Load Angle= 30 Deg Blinder RCA = BldRCA RCALoad Line = Blinder Line Reach
)
).(
tan(
.
2
3
1
)
tan(
.
Re
.
3
:
And
3
1
)
tan(
.
3
)
).(
tan(
.
2
3
2
.
)
30
tan(
.
Re
3
1
)
tan(
)
).(
tan(
.
3
1
)
.(
)
tan(
.
)
tan(
:
therefore
,
and
meet,
lines
When
.
3
1
.
)
30
tan(
:
)
.(
)
tan(
.
)
tan(
:
BldStg
BldRCA
BldRCA
ach
BldStg
BldRCA
BldStg
BldRCA
X
X
ach
BldRCA
BldStg
BldRCA
X
X
BldStg
BldRCA
X
BldRCA
y
y
X
x
x
x
y
Load
BldStg
BldRCA
x
BldRCA
y
Blinder
Blinder Setting =BldStg X Load Angle= 30 Deg Blinder RCA = BldRCA RCALoad Line = Blinder Line Reach
