RFID Based Security Access Control System with GSM Technology

American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-5, Issue-7, pp-236-242 www.ajer.org

Research Paper Open Access

w w w . a j e r . o r g Page 236

RFID Based Security Access Control System with GSM Technology

Peter Adole ^1* , Joseph M. Môm ² and Gabriel A. Igwue ³

1,2,3

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture,

Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT : The security challenges being encountered in many places today require electronic means of controlling access to secured premises in addition to the available security personnel. Various technologies were used in different forms to solve these challenges. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Based Access Control Security system with GSM technology presented in this work helps to prevent unauthorized access to controlled environments (secured premises). This is achieved mainly through the use of a Radio Frequency Identification System with operating frequency of 125 KHz, Microcontroller programmed to send control signals, DC motor, relay, buzzer, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and GSM/GPRS Modem.Once the RFID tag which contains the user’s unique information is scan by the RFID reader and confirmed match with the information stored in the microcontroller, the microcontroller is instructed to turn ON the DC motor through L293D driver, display “USER NUMBER and CARD NUMBER” on the LCD and activates the GSM/GPRS modem to send SMS alert “AUTHORIZED, valid RFID card shown, User is allowed to enter, user number” to security personnel. Else, the DC Motor remained OFF, LCD displays “READ RFID CARD NOT VALID”, buzzer turns ON for about 5seconds and GSM/GPRS modem activated to send “ UNAUTHORIZED, invalid RFID card is used to access the security system” to the security personnel. The electronic circuit was implemented, the codes for microcontroller were written in assembly language, debugged and compiled using the KEIL Micro vision 4 integrated development environment. The resultant Hex files were programmed into the memories of the microcontrollers with the aid of a universal programmer. Hardware simulation was carried out using the Proteus Virtual System Modelling (VSM) version 8.0.An importation implication of this paper is that the system is cheaper to maintain and more efficient in comparison with a manually operated type or key lock system. The RFID based access control system can be useful in providing security for homes, organizations, and automobile terminals to increase the level of security.

Keywords: Access control, Authorized, RFID, GSM, Microcontroller, Unauthorized

I. INTRODUCTION

Security systems play an important role to prevent unknown user entry into a secured place, which may include physical and intellectual property, without being authorized. The security system is basically divided into two types; the use of normal door lock key and the use of electronic automatic identification system. In general, locks are very simple devices that are employed to address a straightforward problem. Basically, lock can be easily hacked by unwanted people thereby allowing unauthorized people into secured premises.

There are several automatic identification technologies including barcode, magnetic stripe and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applied in security system. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is an emerging technology and one of the most rapidly growing segments of today’s automatic identification data collection industry. RFID technology, offers superior performance over other automatic identification systems.

Because it is not an optical technology like bar coding, no inherent line of sight is required between the reader and the tagged RFID object [1].

The system described in this work uses an RFID tag which contains integrated circuit that is used for

storing, processing unique information, modulating and demodulating the radio frequency signal being

transmitted and a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology to communicate to security

personnel via Short Message Service (SMS) in order to enhance the securityof a conditioned

environment[1][2][3][4].

w w w . a j e r . o r g Page 237 Radio-frequency identification (RFID) based access control and security system grants access to only authorized persons to secured premises. RFID technology involves the use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to an object. Some tags are passive (require no battery or their own power source) while others are active (use their own local power source) [5].

The system that has been designed in this work is implemented around a microcontroller and it can help to avoid human involvement in checking and keeping of record at the access point of a secured environment. This system ensures accurate access control and record keeping [3].

II. RELATED WORK

Several researchers have done considerable amount of work relating to RFID based security Access Control System.

An Automatic Gate opening system for vehicles with RFID and campus access control system RFID based were proposed in [5][6]. The systems grant access to authorized persons with valid tags and deny the unauthorized persons with invalid tags but the systemslack ability to intimates security personnel through SMS.

In [7], a system with comparative analysis of RFID and wireless Home/Office Automation was proposed. Herethree technologies; RFID, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and GSM were used. In this system RFID monitor access, sensor to monitor the temperature, lighting and gas leakage and GSM send SMS to the owner of the house when safety of the home is not guaranteed. The system emphasized more of safety than security of the home or office.

An embedded security system using RFID and GSM was presented in [8]. This system uses RFID and GSM technologies to provide security for distribution of petroleum products. The system was made up of control unit and tanker unit that are far from each other but can easily communicate with each other. The tanker unit monitors the fuel level continuously and displayed it on LCD at the front for driver’s convenience. The second is RFID assembly which will read the authentication code of the petrol pump. The amount of fuel poured at a particular petrol pump and petrol pump ID will be sent to central office through GSM techniques. The pitfall here remained that the system does not operates as a stand-alone system but require a network provider for reception of signals and it is not a preventive security measure.

In [9], an RFID – based kindergarten Intelligence security system was proposed. It automates the children security supervision and provides integration with current security management system for kindergarten where RFID tags are embedded in children uniforms. However the system could not intimate security personnel when there is threat.

An Access Control by RFID and face recognition based on neural network was design and implemented. This system recognizes the face of the person holding the RFID card and denies access if they do not match. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) was adopted to learn the face of authorized card holders. Also lack the ability to alert the security personnel through SMS in case of an unauthorized holder [10].

In [11], a paper on security system against asset theft by using Radio Frequency Identification Technology was presented. The aim was to invent a security system against motorcycle theft by using FRID technology (Ultra high frequency range; 905 – 925MHz). In case of incorrect information from the tag, the system alarms the security guards for further investigation. It can signal to activate an additional circuit to shut the motorcycle engine off and turn the Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) on for recording as the theft occurs.

The system would have been better with SMS to the guards to avoid commotions.

The present study aims at the design and implementation of a security access control system that uses a wireless and automatic identification system knows as Radio frequency Identification (RFID) system, Microcontroller as a control unit, GSM/GPRS modem that can send SMS when signalled by the controller, a relay to close and open the system, the Buzzer that form the alarm system and LCD that displays the result of the controller processing.

III. MATERIAL AND METHOD 3.1 Block Diagram

The block diagram of an RFID based security access control system with GSM technology is shown in

fig.1.When the reader is powered and the tag (transponder) is brought within the reading range of the reader,

the reader then scans the data present in the tag with the help of its antenna (scanning antenna) and compares it

with the data present in the microcontroller. When the data matches with that in the Microcontroller, the DC

motor will be turned ON which is operated by a driver being driven from the output of the microcontroller. The

microcontroller is programmed to displaymessages on the LCD if the tag with valid or invalid information is

brought close to the reader. In both cases, the GSM/GPRS modem is activated to send SMS alert to the security

personnel. The GSM/GPRS modem is RS-232 logic level compatible, it requires a line converter called MAX

232 in between it and the microcontroller to convert Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) into RS-232 logic and

w w w . a j e r . o r g Page 238 vice versa. The presence of any unauthorized user also activates the buzzer and a relay with its driver to close and open the sub circuits operating at different voltages. Also a crystal (12MHz) to give the required clocked pulses to the microcontroller.

Fig 1: Block diagram of an RFID based security access control system with GSM technology.

The block diagram was developed into the schematic diagram shown in Fig. 2. This circuit diagram was used to simulate the hardware components of the system in Proteus Virtual System Modeling Environment version 8.0.

Fig. 2: Schematic diagram of an RFID based security access control system with GSM technology

3.2 Software Development

The AT89S51 microcontroller needs to be programmed first before it can be used in the electronic hardware. An assembly programming language is chosen to program the microcontroller. Correct and functional codes ensure the microcontroller works properly. The functionality of the code is verified using Keil micro vision 4, Proteus Virtual System Modelling (VSM) version 8.0 was used for the simulation and Flash Magic software was used for burning of the code into the microcontroller. After compiler operation, the hex code is generated and stored in the computer. The hex code of the program is burnt into the AT89S51 by using Flash magic software. The software design started with the flow chart shown in Fig.3

XTAL2 18

XTAL1 19

30 ALE 31 EA 29 PSEN

9 RST

P0.0/AD0 39 P0.1/AD1 38 P0.2/AD2 37 P0.3/AD3 36 P0.4/AD4 35 P0.5/AD5 34 P0.6/AD6 33 P0.7/AD7 32

1 P1.0 2 P1.1 3 P1.2 4 P1.3 5 P1.4 6 P1.5 7 P1.6 8 P1.7

P3.0/RXD 10 P3.1/TXD 11 P3.2/INT0 12 P3.3/INT1 13 P3.4/T0 14

P3.7/RD 17 P3.6/WRP3.5/T1 1615 P2.7/A15 28 P2.0/A8 21 P2.1/A9 22 P2.2/A10 23 P2.3/A11 24 P2.4/A12 25 P2.5/A13 26 P2.6/A14 27 U1

AT89S51

D714D613D512D411D310D29D18D07

E6RW5RS4

VSS1 VDD2 VEE3 LCD1 LM016L

2 IN1 OUT1 3

OUT2 6

OUT3 11 OUT4 14 7 IN2

10 IN3 15 IN4 1 EN1

9 EN2 VS

8 VSS

16

GND GND U2

L293D

11 T1IN R1OUT 12 10 T2IN

R2OUT 9

T1OUT 14 R1IN 13 T2OUT 7

R2IN 8

C2+

4 C2- 5 C1+

1 C1- 3

VS+ 2 VS- 6 U3

MAX232

+88.8

DC MOTOR RL1

OJ-SH-112DM Q1

BC547 Q2

BC547

R1

1K R2

1K BUZ2

BUZZER

R3 10k C1 100u

X1 CRYSTAL

C2 1u

C3 1u

C4 1u

C5 1u C6

1000u C7

100u

C8 100u

1 VI VO 3

GND2

U4 7805

1 VI VO 3

GND2

U5 7812

D1 1N4007

D3 1N4007

D2 1N4007

D4 1N4007

RV1

1k

D5 1N4007

Vcc GND TX

RX

Vcc

RXD TXD GND GSM/GPRS MODEM

RFID READER L

N

C9 22PF C10 22PF

1 2 J1

DOOR LOCK 1 2 J2

STEP-DOW N TRANSFORMER

+5V +12V

RFID TAG RFID READER

BUZZER LCD

MICROCONTROLLER

(AT89S51)

RELAY DRIVER

MOTOR DRIVER DC

MOTOR

GSM MODEM MAX 232

RELAY

BUZZER

DRIVER

CRYSTAL

w w w . a j e r . o r g Page 239

Fig.3: Flowchart of design of RFID Based Security Access Control System with GSM Technology.

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The simulation test of this work was done using Proteus 8.0 to ensure effectiveness of the design; here the various components in the design were connected to each other in Proteus 8.0 environment beginning with the power supply unit as shown in the circuit diagram of the system. This is to ascertain the workability of each stage before the construction is transferred to the print circuit board (PCB). The RFID card was represented with an interactive single pole single throw (SPST) switch through which the microcontroller receives the signal. The program hex file was loaded and the following results were obtained when running the simulation.

Fig.4:The result of the simulation when switched on

XTAL2 18

XTAL1 19

30ALE 31EA 29PSEN

9RST

P0.0/AD039 P0.1/AD138 P0.2/AD237 P0.3/AD336 P0.4/AD435 P0.5/AD534 P0.6/AD633 P0.7/AD732

1P1.0 2P1.1 3P1.2 4P1.3 5P1.4 6P1.5 7P1.6 8P1.7

P3.0/RXD10 P3.1/TXD11 P3.2/INT012 P3.3/INT113 P3.4/T014 P3.7/RD17 P3.6/WRP3.5/T11615 P2.7/A1528 P2.0/A821 P2.1/A922 P2.2/A1023 P2.3/A1124 P2.4/A1225 P2.5/A1326 P2.6/A1427 U1

AT89S51

D714D613D512D411D310D29D18D07

E6RW5RS4

VSS1VDD2VEE3 LCD1 LM016L

2IN1 OUT13

OUT26

OUT311 OUT414 7IN2

10IN3 15IN4 1EN1 9EN2

VS 8 VSS

16

GNDGND U2

L293D

11T1IN R1OUT 12 10T2IN

R2OUT 9

T1OUT14 R1IN13 T2OUT7 R2IN8

C2+

4 C2- 5 C1+

1 C1- 3

VS+2 VS-6 U3

MAX232

0.00

DC MOTOR RL1

OJ-SH-112DM Q1

BC547

R2 1K R3 10k C1 100u

X1 CRYSTAL

C2 1u

C3 1u

C4 1u

C5 1u RV1

1k

D5 1N4007

Vcc GND TX RX

Vcc

RXD TXD GND GSM/GPRS MODEM

RFID READER R4

10K

R1 1K Q2

BC547 BUZ2

BUZZER

B1 12V

C9 22pf C10 22pf

SW1 SW -SPST

SMS sends

^NO

^YES

Matches the database?

RFID Reader decrypts the message

Relay turns ON

^START

Individual RFID tag sends its code

Motor Driver ON

SMS sends Initializing ports and devices

Access Granted

Access Denied Relay turns off

Motor driver off

Buzzer ON for 5 seconds

w w w . a j e r . o r g Page 240 Fig.4 displays the name of the system on the liquid Crystal Display (LCD) when powered ON immediately.

Fig.5: Result of simulation initializing the GSM modem

Fig.5 shows the process of preparing (initializing) the GSM modem to send SMS in text mode using the stored command; AT+CMGF=1 saved in the microcontroller.

Fig.6: The result simulation showing that an SMS was sent to Security personnel

Fig.6 displays the feedback message that the power on SMS was successfully sent to the security personnel whose numbers were programmed into the microcontroller.

Fig.7: Result of simulation showing the use of valid card by closing the switch

XTAL2 18

XTAL1 19

30 ALE 31 EA 29 PSEN

9RST

P0.0/AD039 P0.1/AD138 P0.2/AD237 P0.3/AD336 P0.4/AD435 P0.5/AD534 P0.6/AD633 P0.7/AD732

1P1.0 2P1.1 3P1.2 4P1.3 5P1.4 6P1.5 7P1.6 8P1.7

P3.0/RXD 10 P3.1/TXD 11 P3.2/INT0 12 P3.3/INT1 13 P3.4/T0 14 P3.7/RD 17 P3.6/WRP3.5/T1 1615 P2.7/A15 28 P2.0/A8 21 P2.1/A9 22 P2.2/A10 23 P2.3/A11 24 P2.4/A12 25 P2.5/A13 26 P2.6/A14 27 U1

AT89S51

D714D613D512D411D310D29D18D07

E6RW5RS4

VSS1VDD2VEE3 LCD1 LM016L

2IN1 OUT13

OUT26

OUT311 OUT414 7IN2

10 IN3 15 IN4 1EN1

9EN2 VS

8 VSS

16

GNDGND

U2

L293D

11T1IN R1OUT 12 10T2IN

R2OUT 9

T1OUT14 R1IN13 T2OUT7 R2IN8

C2+

4 C2- 5 C1+

1 C1- 3

VS+2

VS-6 U3

MAX232

0.00

DC MOTOR RL1

OJ-SH-112DM Q1

BC547

R2 1K R3 10k C1 100u

X1 CRYSTAL

C2 1u

C3 1u

C4 1u

C5 1u RV1

1k

D5 1N4007

Vcc GND TX

RX

Vcc RXD TXD GND GSM/GPRS MODEM

RFID READER R4

10K

R1 1K Q2

BC547 BUZ2

BUZZER

B1 12V

C9 22pf C10 22pf

SW1 SW -SPST

XTAL2 18

XTAL1 19

30 ALE 31 EA 29 PSEN

9RST

P0.0/AD0 39 P0.1/AD1 38 P0.2/AD2 37 P0.3/AD3 36 P0.4/AD4 35 P0.5/AD5 34 P0.6/AD6 33 P0.7/AD7 32

1P1.0 2P1.1 3P1.2 4P1.3 5P1.4 6P1.5 7P1.6 8P1.7

P3.0/RXD10 P3.1/TXD 11 P3.2/INT012 P3.3/INT113 P3.4/T014 P3.7/RD17 P3.6/WRP3.5/T11615 P2.7/A1528 P2.0/A821 P2.1/A922 P2.2/A1023 P2.3/A1124 P2.4/A1225 P2.5/A1326 P2.6/A1427 U1

AT89S51

D714D613D512D411D310D29D18D07

E6RW5RS4

VSS1 VDD2VEE3 LCD1 LM016L

2IN1 OUT13

OUT26

OUT311 OUT414 7IN2

10IN3 15IN4 1EN1 9EN2

VS 8 VSS

16

GNDGND U2

L293D

11T1IN R1OUT 12 10T2IN

R2OUT 9

T1OUT14 R1IN13 T2OUT7 R2IN8

C2+

4 C2- 5 C1+

1 C1- 3

VS+2 VS-6 U3

MAX232

0.00

DC MOTOR RL1

OJ-SH-112DM Q1

BC547

R2 1K R3 10k C1 100u

X1 CRYSTAL

C2 1u

C3 1u

C4 1u

C5 1u RV1

1k

D5 1N4007

Vcc GND TX

RX

Vcc

RXD TXD GND GSM/GPRS MODEM

RFID READER R4

10K

R1 1K Q2

BC547 BUZ2

BUZZER

B1 12V

C9 22pf C10 22pf

SW1 SW -SPST

XTAL2 18

XTAL1 19

30 ALE 31 EA 29 PSEN

9 RST

P0.0/AD0 39 P0.1/AD1 38 P0.2/AD2 37 P0.3/AD3 36 P0.4/AD4 35 P0.5/AD5 34 P0.6/AD6 33 P0.7/AD7 32

1 P1.0 2 P1.1 3 P1.2 4 P1.3 5 P1.4 6 P1.5 7 P1.6 8 P1.7

P3.0/RXD 10 P3.1/TXD 11 P3.2/INT0 12 P3.3/INT1 13 P3.4/T0 14 P3.7/RD 17 P3.6/WRP3.5/T1 1615 P2.7/A15 28 P2.0/A8 21 P2.1/A9 22 P2.2/A10 23 P2.3/A11 24 P2.4/A12 25 P2.5/A13 26 P2.6/A14 27 U1

AT89S51

D714D613D512D411D310D29D18D07

E6RW5RS4

VSS1 VDD2 VEE3 LCD1 LM016L

2 IN1 OUT1 3

OUT2 6

OUT3 11 OUT4 14 7 IN2

10 IN3 15 IN4 1 EN1 9 EN2

VS 8 VSS

16

GNDGND U2

L293D

11 T1IN R1OUT 12 10 T2IN

R2OUT 9

T1OUT 14 R1IN 13 T2OUT 7 R2IN 8

C2+

4 C2- 5 C1+

1 C1- 3

VS+ 2 VS- 6 U3

MAX232

+176

DC MOTOR RL1

OJ-SH-112DM Q1

BC547

R2 1K R3 10k C1 100u

CRYSTALX1

C2

1u

C3

1u

C4 1u

C5 1u RV1

1k

D5 1N4007

Vcc GND TX RX

Vcc

RXD TXD GND GSM/GPRS MODEM

RFID READER R4

10K

R1 1K Q2

BC547 BUZ2

BUZZER

B1 12V

C9 22pf C10

22pf

SW1 SW -SPST

w w w . a j e r . o r g Page 241 Fig.7 shows the user number (in this case User 1) and the unique identification number of the valid RFID card used. The RFID card which cannot be located in the simulation software (Proteus) was represented with an interactive single pole single throw (SPST) switch. Also, the DC motor turns changing its former position to show that access has been granted.

The single sided Printed circuit Board layout of the simulated circuit diagram was made using the same Proteus 8.0 virtual software, etched, drilled and components were soldered after tracks continuity test using Digital Multimeter (DMM) as shown in fig.8. The Printed Circuit Boards play a vital role here in determining the overall performance of electronic equipment. It ensures that the noise introduced as a result of component placement and track layout is held within limits. It also provides components years of assembly maintenance and performance reliability.

Fig.8: RFID Based security access control system with GSM technology on a single sided PCB

The output of the motor driver L293D was disconnected and connected to the input terminal of the oscilloscope in Electronic Laboratory of University of Agriculture, Makurdi and straight-line waveform as shown in fig.9 was obtain showing the presence of direct current signal.

Fig.9: The resultant waveform from the test of constructed work with an oscilloscope

V. CONCLUSION

The knowledge and application of new techniques in electronics and telecommunication has made our life more secured and comfortable. RFID based security system is one of such applications. RFID security access control system with GSM technology presented in this work is based on microcontroller; hence the hardware requirement is greatly reduced. An RFID based security access control system with GSM technology has been implemented and function as desired. The system can be installed at the entrance of a secured environment to prevent an unauthorized individual access.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of this paper and for their helpful comments to improve the paper

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