*Not on the Table of Information for Physics C, since Thermodynamics is not a Physics C topic.

(1)

TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2002 CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

1 unified atomic mass unit, ^{1 u} = ^{1 66} ¹⁰ ²⁷

=

-

. kg

931 MeV/ 2 c Proton mass, m_p=1 67. ×10⁻²⁷kg Neutron mass, m_n=1 67. ×10⁻²⁷kg Electron mass, m_e = 9 11. ×10⁻³¹kg Magnitude of the electron charge, e =1 60. ×10⁻¹⁹C

Avogadro’s number, N₀ =6 02. ×10²³mol⁻¹ Universal gas constant, R = 8 31. J/ (mol K¼ ) Boltzmann’s constant, kB =1 38. ×10⁻²³J / K

Speed of light, c = 3 00. ×10⁸m s/ Planck’s constant, h

hc

= ×

−

⋅⋅

⋅

6 63 10 4 14 10 1 99 10 1 24 10

34 15

25 3

. . . .

J s eV s J m eV nm Vacuum permittivity, ⑀0

12 2 2

8 85 10

= ^. × ⁻ ^C ^/^{N m}⋅

Coulomb’s law constant, k =^{1 4} 0 = ^{9 0}×¹⁰ ⋅

9 2 2

/ π⑀ . N m /C

Vacuum permeability, µ₀ = 4π ×10⁻⁷⁽^{T m}⋅ ^{) /}^A

Magnetic constant, k =µ₀/4π =10⁻⁷(T m⋅ ) /A

Universal gravitational constant, G = 6 67. 10^-¹¹ m³/kg s¼ ² Acceleration due to gravity

at the Earth’s surface, g = 9 8. m / s² 1 atmosphere pressure,

1 1 0 10 1 0 10

5 2

5

atm N / m

Pa

= ×

. .

1 electron volt, 1 eV =1 60. ×10⁻¹⁹J

UNITS

Name Symbol

meter m

kilogram kg

second s

ampere A

kelvin K

mole mol

hertz Hz

newton N

pascal Pa

joule J

watt W

coulomb C

volt V

ohm Ω

henry H

farad F

tesla T

degree

Celsius ^oC electron-

volt eV

PREFIXES Factor Prefix Symbol

10⁹ giga G

10⁶ mega M

10³ kilo k

10⁻² centi c

10⁻³ milli m

10⁻⁶ micro µ

10⁻⁹ nano n

10⁻¹² pico p

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES

θ sin θ cos θ tan θ

0^o 0 1 0

30^o 1/2 3 2/ 3 3/

37^o 3/5 4/5 3/4

45^o 2 2/ 2 2/ 1

53^o 4/5 3/5 4/3

60^o 3 2/ 1/2 3

90^o 1 0

∞

The following conventions are used in this examination.

I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial.

II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge (conventional current).

III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge.

*IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.

*Not on the Table of Information for Physics C, since Thermodynamics is not a Physics C topic.

(2)

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2002

NEWTONIAN MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

u u

u

u u

m u

t

q

p p

= +

= + +

= + -

Ê = =

=

= =

=

= =

=

= =

= -

=

= -

0

0 0

2

2 02

0

2

1 2 2

1 2

1 2 2

1 2

1 2 2

2 1

at

x x t at

a x x m

F N

a r

r m

t

K m

U mgh

W F r

P W

t

P F

k

U kx

T m

k

T g

T f

F Gm m

r

U Gm m

r

net

c

s

p fric

g

avg

s

G

0 5

F F a

p v

J F p

F

F x

F sin

q

u

u q

D D

D

D D

D ⴢ

ⴢ r

F v

cos

l

a = acceleration F = force f = frequency h = height J = impulse K = kinetic energy k = spring constant l ^{= length}

m = mass

N = normal force P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance r = position vector T = period

t = time

U = potential energy u = velocity or speed W = work done on a system x = position

m = coefficient of friction q = angle

t = torque

F q q

r

q

U qV q q

r

E V

d

V q

r

C Q

V

C A

d

U QV CV

I Q

t

R A

V IR P IV

C C

R R

F q B

F BI

B I

r BA

t B

E

avg

i i i

avg

i

B

c

p i

i

s i i

s i

p i

m

=

= =

= −

=

= =

=

= =

= −

=

∑

•

1 4

1 2

1 1

2

0 1 2

0

2

0

p 2

p

u

m p f

f

u

e e

⑀

⑀ E F

B A D

D

D D ρ

θ θ

θ l

sin sin

cos l

l

avg

A = area

B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field

e

⁼ ^emf

F = force I = current l = length P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = distance t = time

U = potential (stored) energy V = electric potential or

potential difference u = velocity or speed

r = resistivity fm= magnetic flux

(3)

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2002 FLUID MECHANICS AND

THERMAL PHYSICS WAVES AND OPTICS

p p gh

F Vg

A A

p gy

T

Q mL

Q mc T

p F

A pV nRT

K k T

RT M

k T

W p V

Q nc T

U Q W

U nc T

e W

Q

e T T

T

buoy

avg B

rms B

V

H

c H C

H

= +

=

+ + =

=

= =

= -

=

= +

=

= -

0

1 1 2 2

2

0

1 2

3 2

3 3

r r

u u

r ru

m const.

D D

D

D D D

D D

l al

u

A = area

c = specific heat or molar specific heat e = efficiency F = force h = depth

K_avg = average molecular kinetic energy L = heat of transformation

l = length

M= molecular mass m = mass of sample n = number of moles p = pressure

Q = heat transferred to a system T = temperature

U = internal energy V = volume

u = velocity or speed urms= root-mean-square

velocity

W = work done on a system y = height

a = coefficient of linear expansion

µ = mass of molecule r = density

u u

q q

q

q l

l

=

+ =

= = -

=

= f

n c

n n

c n n

si s f

M hi h

si s

f R

d m

xm m L

d l

1 1 2 2

2 1

0

0 0

1 1 1

2

sin sin

sin

⬇

d = separation

f = frequency or focal length

h = height L = distance M= magnification m = an integer

n = index of refraction R = radius of curvature s = distance

u = speed x = position

l = wavelength q ^{= angle}

ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

E hf pc

K hf

h p

E m c

= =

= −

=

max

( ) f l

D D ²

E = energy f = frequency K = kinetic energy m = mass

p = momentum l = wavelength f = work function

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY Rectangle

Triangle

Circle

Parallelepiped Cylinder

Sphere

Right Triangle A bh

A bh

A r

C r

V wh

V r

S r r

V r

S r

a b c

a c b c a b

=

==

=

== +

=

+ =

=

= 1 2

2

2 2

4 3 4

2

3 2

2 2 2

pp

pp p

p p

q q q l

ll

sin cos tan

A = area

C = circumference V = volume S = surface area b = base h = height l = length w = width r = radius

c a

b q 90

(4)

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2002

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

u u

u

u u

m

u

u w

w

w w a

q q w a

= +

= + +

= + -

Ê = =

=

I

⁼

=

I

=

= =

=

Ê = =

=

I

^{= Ê}

= Ê Ê

=

= =

=

= +

= + +

= -

0

0 0

0

0 0

1 2 2

1 2

2

2 2

2

2 2

2

at

x x t at

a x x m d

dt dt m

F N

W d

K m

P dW

dt P

U mgh

a r r

I

I r dm mr

m m

r

I

K I

t

t t

k U

net

g c

net

cm

s fric

0 5

F F a

F p

J F p

p v

F

r F

r r

L r p

F x

D

r

F vⴢ

t

t t a

w

s

p

kx

T f

T m

k

T g

Gm m r

U Gm m

r

G

=

= =

=

= -

= - 1 2

2 1

2 2

2

1 2 2 1 2

wp

p p l

F r$

a = acceleration F = force f = frequency h = height

I = rotational inertia J = impulse

K = kinetic energy k = spring constant

l ^{= length}

L = angular momentum m = mass

N = normal force P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance r = position vector T = period

t = time

U = potential energy u = velocity or speed W = work done on a system x = position

m = coefficient of friction q = angle

t = torque w = angular speed a = angular acceleration

F q q

r q

d Q

E dV

dr

V q

r

U qV q q

r

C Q

V

C A

d

C C

I dQ dt

U QV CV

R A

V IR

R R

P IV q

d I

I d

B nI

d d

dt LdI

i i i

E

i

M

p i

i

s i i

c

s i

p i

s m

m

=

= −

=

= =

=

= =

=

= ×

=

I

^×

=

I

= −

•

∑

1 4

1 1

1 2

1 1

0 1 2

0

0 1 2

0

2

0

p 2

p

k

r

m

m f

e

f

e

⑀

⑀ E F

E A

F v B

B

F B

B A 养

养 l

ø ø

dt U_L = 1LI

2

A = area

B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field

e

⁼ ^emf

F = force I = current L = inductance

l = length

n = number of loops of wire per unit length

P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = distance t = time

U = potential or stored energy V = electric potential

u = velocity or speed r = resistivity f_m= magnetic flux k = dielectric constant

(5)

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2002 GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

Rectangle Triangle

Circle

Parallelepiped Cylinder

Sphere

Right Triangle A bh

A bh

A r

C r

V wh

V r

S r r

V r

S r

a b c

a c b c a b

=

==

=

= +

=

+ =

=

= 1 2

2

2 2

4 3 4

2

3

2

2 2 2

pp

p

p p

p p l

l l

sin cos tan q

q q

A = area

C = circumference V = volume S = surface area b = base h = height

l = length w = width r = radius

c a

b q 90

CALCULUS d f

dx d f

du du dx d

dx x nx d

dx e e d

dx x x d

dx x x

d

dx x x

x dx n x n

e dx e dx

x x

x dx x

n n

x x

n n

x x

=

= ( ) = ( ) = ( ) = -

I

_{= +} ^-

I

⁼

I

= ⁼

I

^{= -}

-

+

I

2 7 2 7

1

1n

1n 1

1

1 ¹ 1

sin cos

cos sin

,

cos sin

sin cos