Science 24 Unit D Chapter 13 Workbook Reference pages 232-249 Name: ______________________________________

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Science 24 Unit D Chapter 13 Workbook

Reference pages 232-249

Name: ______________________________________

What will I learn in this chapter? (p232)

______________________________________________________________________

BLM 13–1, Crash Statistics — Science Inquiry BLM 13–3, How Safe Are You? — Science Inquiry BLM 13–5, Think Fast! — Skill Builder/Science Inquiry BLM 13–6, Blood Alcohol Content — Skill Builder BLM 13–7, Whiplash — Skill Builder/Overhead Master

BLM 13–9, Car Safety Features — Skill Builder/Reinforcement BLM 13–11, Road Safety Features — Skill Builder

BLM 13–12, Safety Signs — Information Handout

BLM 13–14, Collision Crossword — Vocabulary Check

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

CHAPTER 13 BLM 13–1

SCIENCE INQUIRY

Crash Statistics ^___/16

What’s a STATISTIC?

______________________________________________________________________________

Give some examples:

-Every day someone dies and 68 people are injured as a result of auto crashes in Alberta.

-Alberta ranks fourth in Canada when the death rate from auto crashes is calculated in terms of registered vehicles.

Assignment #1 ref page 233

Alberta Traffic Collisions (1995–1999)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

total collisions (crashes) 85 220 93 832 92 365 98 601 95 246

number killed (deaths) 403 349 429 429 347

number injured 20 866 22 268 23 916 24 935 25 451

Total licensed Alberta drivers (thousands)

1 970 1 999 2 020 2 072 2 127

Read the Starting Point Activity Crash Statistics. Data from text is shown above.

Answer the questions that follow.

1. In these five years shown, what are the trends, increasing or decreasing? (3mks) a. total collisions: increasing or decreasing

b. total injuries: increasing or decreasing c. total deaths: increasing or decreasing 2. Look at the data for 1997 and 1998,

collisions and injuries but fatalities ___________

Offer an explanation for this relationship. (2 mks) ___________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

3. Suggest at least three reasons as to why the annual number of injuries due to collisions seems to be increasing. (3mks) _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

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CHAPTER 13 BLM 13–3

SCIENCE INQUIRY

Statistics: How Safe Are You?

Think About It

How did you get to school today? (circle one)

on foot by bicycle by bus by motorcycle other ______________

Table A Annual Deaths by Type of Road User

Table B Types of Vehicles Involved in Fatal Collisions

Road Users 1994–1998 (average)

1999 Vehicle Type 5-year

Average

drivers 1557 1539 automobiles 2552

passengers 825 734 light trucks and vans 1081

pedestrians 423 414 heavy trucks 534

bicyclists 71 69 buses 37

motorcyclists 149 159 motorcycles and mopeds 163

other 116 54 bicycles 77

farm equipment 34

snow equipment 50

trains/streetcars 15

motor homes 24

all-terrain vehicles 9

other 66

Table C Percentage of Deaths by Mode of Transport

Mode of

Travel

Percentage of Total Transportation

Fatalities

road 92.6

rail 2.0

air 4.4

marine* 1.0

* This does not include fatalities involving pleasure crafts.

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SCIENCE INQUIRY

How Safe Are You? (continued) Analyze

1. What kind of vehicle has the most accidents? _______________Why do you think this is so?

2. Suggest two reasons why more than twice as many motorcyclists have died compared to bicyclists.

3. Suggest why twice as many drivers as passengers have died in car crashes.

4. Look at Table C. Which mode of travel accounts for the largest percentage of transportation

fatalities? ___________

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CHAPTER 13 BLM 13–5 SKILL BUILDER/

SCIENCE INQUIRY

Think Fast!

Conduct an Investigation 13–B: Think Fast!

Find the average by adding the numbers and dividing by the number of trials.

Prediction:

(how do you think distractions will affect your reaction time?)

Analyze

Calculate the average distance the ruler travelled for each part of the investigation.

Record this in the last column of each table.

1. Did your results improve from the first to the last trial for each part? ________

If so, why? _____________________________________________________

2. How did your scores for reaction time with distractions compare to your base reaction time? ______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. How does this relate to distractions on the road or in your car?

__________________________________________________________________

5. How would dialling a phone affect your reaction time?

__________________________________________________________________

6. How did dizziness affect your reaction time?

__________________________________________________________________

7. What driver problem might the dizziness represent ?

__________________________________________________________________

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SKILL BUILDER/

SCIENCE INQUIRY

Think Fast! (continued) Observations

Part 1: Reaction Time : base time, no distractions

Drop the ruler with NO distractions. This gives you a standard to compare to.

Average (cm)

Name Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

(cm)

Part 2: Reaction Time with Distraction of ___________________________

Distance Ruler Travelled (cm) Average

Name Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 (cm)

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Fatigue and Reaction Time (look at label of energy drinks) are substances that:

increase _______ and speed up _ ____.

Examples are: __ found in & _.

They do work for a while. Air force pilots are given caffeine. “Energy” drinks.

The problem is that when they wear off, ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________.

If you are tired, you should ______________________________________

____________________________________________________________ . Reaction time and Drugs

To be means you are ________________________

_____________________________________________ .

Substances that could affect your ability include ________, _, ___________.

Alchohol, in small amounts, is changed by the _____________ into harmless substances that go into the blood stream.

Once the liver has too much, the alchohol goes to the bloodstream and has ________

effects.

Alchohol is a and this means that it _______

________________ when it reaches the .

Distractors are defined as _____________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________.

Examples are: _ _______

_______

_ _______

What is Alberta’s new distracted driving law and why did it come in to place?

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SKILL BUILDER

Blood Alcohol Content

How Soon Can a Drinker Drive?

80 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.

Blood Alchohol Concentration

 Alberta’s legal limit for BAC is _ . This means that __

__________________________________________________________ .

 One drink =

_ or or ___

 Your body mass affects your body’s ability to ________________________

___________________________________________________________.

 Generally, the rule of thumb for a well rested well fed individual is:

___________________________________________________________

 You can be charged with _________ _ even if you have ANY _______________________________.

 Your body can eliminate alchohol at a rate of :

_________________________________________

Here are some statistics from the AADAC website:

People between the ages of 16 and 24 make up 20% of licensed drivers, they drive about 20% of the total kilometers driven,

but they account for 42% of all alcohol-related crashes in which somebody dies.

www.zoot2.com/justthefacts/ alcohol/

Effects at Various Blood Alcohol Concentrations (BAC)

While there is some variation from individual to individual, the following is a summary of the effects of alcohol at specific blood alcohol concentrations:



.04 Most people begin to feel relaxed.



.05 Chances of a motor vehicle accident are twice as likely as when sober.



.06 Judgment is somewhat impaired; rational decision-making is affected.



.08 Muscle coordination and driving skills are impaired. This is the level at which an individual is legally impaired in Alberta.



.10 Judgment, motor control, and reaction time continue to deteriorate.

Chances of a motor vehicle accident are eight times as likely as when sober.



.15 Chances of a motor vehicle accident are 25 times as likely as when sober.



.30 Loss of consciousness may occur.



.45 Breathing stops and death results. Source: U of A student services

CHAPTER 13 BLM 13–7

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SKILL BUILDER/

OVERHEAD MASTER

Whiplash and other injuries

Look at model of spine and seatbelt samples.

What parts of the neck are affected and how? ______________________________________

___________________________________________________________

How can the injury be prevented? ____________________________________

___________________________________________________________

How is whiplash treated? __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Ouch!

Nice!

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CHAPTER 13

Label each of the safety features on this car. .

^{BLM 13–9}

SKILL BUILDER/

REINFORCEMENT

Car Safety Features

Safety Feature Purpose

air bag

brakes & antilock brakes

brake lights & turn signals

colour

crumple zones emergency brake headlights & turn signals

head rest horn

impact beams / roll cage

rear- and side-view mirrors

seat belt

windshield & safety glass

windshield wipers

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All airbags are not created equal…..

Honda's very first front passenger air bag in the 1980s, utilized a unique design mounted to the top of the dashboard, and deployed upward rather than directly at the passenger. The Center for

Auto Safety praised this front passenger airbag design as "a blueprint on how to design better airbag systems." In 1991, Honda became the first company to commit to install driver and front passenger air

bags as standard equipment on all models well before the federally mandated requirements.

**By the end of 2006, every row of a Honda or Acura vehicle* will have the protection of side curtain airbags to better protect the head and neck and cover the side windows in a sufficiently**

severe side impact collision.

Designed with "smart fold" technology, Honda's side curtain airbags deploy along the window in an

effort to avoid out of position passengers.

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13.3 Collision Injuries (page 243-244)

1. Name two categories of trauma & Explain how each may be treated (4mks)

a. _ : _________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

b. _ : ___________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. Name two injuries that can be healed:

_, ________

Name two injuries that can NOT be easily healed:

_, ________ (4mks)

13.4 Protection and Prevention (pages 245-247) Read page 245 then answer the questions that follow.

List four features in modern vehicles that either work to prevent accidents or protect the passenger during an accident. For each, explain why it should be maintained. (8mks)

1. Tires: ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

2. Windshield wipers:____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

3. Brakes: _________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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Look under microscope at glass spheres from recycling station. View clip of glass

spheres in paint from “Recycling makes Sense”.

^{BLM 13–11}

Road Safety Features

Label a minimum of 10 safety features. Explain how each helps keep us safe on the roads in Alberta.

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CHAPTER 13 BLM 13–14

VOCABULARY CHECK

Collision Crossword

Across

1. any substance that slows reaction time is a ________________________.

3. any substance that speeds up reaction time is a ____________________

8. a measure of how much alcohol is in the bloodstream __

10. an emotion of deep sorrow that is often experienced after a collision ____________

11. the time it takes to respond to a situation _ _

Down

1. anything that takes your attention away from your task is a ___________________

2. an injury characterized by neck pain is known as __________________

3. numbers that show occurrences or relationships between events are called _________________

4. if you are unable to perform tasks within a normal reaction time, UR _______________________

5. physical or emotional stress brought about by a collision is called ___________________

6. simple repairs that car owners can often perform themselves is __________________________

7. any activity that relieves trauma is known as __________________________

9. either 45 mL of hard liquor, 150 mL of wine, or 350 mL of beer is known as _______________

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Science 24 Unit D Chapter 13 Workbook Reference pages 232-249 Name: ______________________________________