Naming Compounds-Chemistry (1)

Chemical reactions occur when atoms

gain, lose, or share electrons.

Metals Nonmetals

Metals ________________ electrons.

This gives them a ____ charge.

Positive ions are called ___________.

lose / donate

+

Nonmetals _____________ electrons.

This gives them a ____ charge.

Negative ions are called ___________.

gain / accept

_

cations

anions

Remember that the charge of an ion can be

determined by its place on the Periodic Table.

+1

+2 ₊₃

+4 or

-4 -3 -2 -1

0

For each elements on your notes,

predict the charge of its most

common ion using the periodic table.

-3

+1

-2

0

+2

+1

+2

-1

-3

+2

-2

+1

-1

+1

-1

0

-1

0

When metals lose electrons they become ions, but their name does not change.

Rules for Naming Ions

Na

Na

+

_{+ e}

-sodium sodium electron

Mg

Mg

+2

_{+ 2e}

When nonmetals gain electrons they become ions, and their name does change.

Rules for Naming Ions

F

-F + e

-fluorine electron fluoride

S

-2

S + 2e

Rules for Naming Ions

2. Changing the name of nonmetals:

root of element name + -ide = name of ion

Examples:

The name of

chlorine

’s ion:

The name of

nitrogen

’s ion:

chlor- + -ide = chloride

nitr- + -ide = nitride

Examples of naming ions:

The name of

calcium

’s ion:

The name of

oxygen

’s ion:

calcium

(The names of metals don’t change!)

ox- + -ide = oxide

The name of

aluminum

’s ion:

aluminum

Write the name of each of the

ions on your notes.

sulfide nitride

potassium oxide

lithium bromide

chloride

There are also ions that form after elements

have

shared

electrons. These ions are known

as polyatomic ions, and each polyatomic ion

already has a name.

Write the name of each of the

polyatomic ions on your notes using

your reference sheet as a guide.

sulfate

permanganate hydroxide

carbonate sulfite nitrate

Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds

CaBr

₂

Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion.

Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion.

Step 3: YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy.

calcium bromide

1.

NaF

sodium fluoride

2.

MgO

magnesium oxide

3.

SrCl

₂

strontium chloride

4.

Li

₂

S

lithium sulfide

5.

CaO

calcium oxide

6.

KI

1.

NH

₄

F

ammonium fluoride

2.

CaSO

₄

calcium sulfate

3.

Mg(NO

₃

)

₂

magnesium nitrate

4.

NaOH

sodium hydroxide

When

polyatomic ions

are used, simply use

the name of the

polyatomic ion

in the

Name the ionic compounds that

are found on your notes.

calcium chloride potassium sulfide

cesium chloride barium oxide

ammonium chloride

potassium permanganate

magnesium sulfate sodium bromide

You can also determine the formula of an ionic

compound from its name. To do this, you will need to use what you already know about the Periodic Table.

magnesium iodide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.

Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion.

Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table.

Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Mg

+2

I

This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just need to use the name of the polyatomic ion.

strontium nitrate

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.

Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion.

Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the table of polyatomic ions.

Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Sr

+2

NO

₃

Be very careful that you do not mix up the names of ions. This is very common for beginners to

naming.

Decide which name goes with each ion.

N

-3

_NO

3

-nitrate

nitride

S

-2

_SO

3

-2

sulfite

sulfide

P

-3

_PO

4

-3

phosphate

phosphide

Remember that the names of transition

metals include their charge because their

charges are less predictable.

What are the charges of the transition

metals below:

Iron (II) _______

Iron (III) _______

Copper (II) _______

Copper (I) _______

Tin (IV) _______

Tin (II) _______

Lead (II) _______

Lead (IV) _______

+2

+3

+2

+1

+4

+2

+2

+4

We know they are positive because

metals are always positive.

The charges of the transition metals are important when you are determining the formula of an ionic compound.

iron (III) oxide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the cation.

Step 2: Write the symbol of the anion.

Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the roman numerals.

Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Fe

+3

O

-2

Helpful Hint:

If the ion ends in

–ide

, it is probably from

the periodic table. If the ion ends in

–ate

or

–ite

, it is a polyatomic ion.

Examples:

SO

₄

-2

sulfate

S

-2

sulfide

NO

₂

-nitrite

N

-3

nitride

sulfite

SO

₃

-2

nitrate

-Write the formula of each of the ionic

compounds named on your notes.

KI

SnCl

BaSO

NaCl

SrS

CuCO

AlBr

Li

N

Naming Binary Covalent

Compounds

Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain,

lose, or

share

electrons.

Sharing electrons creates a covalent bond

Nonmetals can _______ electrons to

form a covalent bond.

This creates a ___________.

share

molecule

Nonmetals

shared electrons

Determining if a compound is

ionic

or

covalent

is easy.

Ionic compounds

contain a

metal

and

a

nonmetal

.

Covalent compounds

contain only

nonmetals

.

What elements do ionic compounds contain?

What elements do covalent compounds

Decide whether the compounds on

your notes are ionic or covalent.

I

C C

C

I I

Important Facts:

Because hydrogen only has 1 proton and 1 electron, it behaves differently than any other element on the periodic table of elements.

Hydrogen can donate its 1

electron.

H

H

This means that hydrogen can act as either a

metal or a nonmetal!

There are 7 elements that exist in nature

as

diatomic

molecules.

What elements exist as diatomic molecules?

There are millions of covalent compounds. These can be classified into many different types of

compounds. Each type of compound has a different set of rules for naming. You will be learning about the easiest type of covalent compound to name:

What does binary mean?

_{Binary means 2.}

Binary covalent compounds are

between 2 different nonmetals.

Nonmetals can share electrons in many different ways. This means that two nonmetals can create multiple compounds together.

CO

₂

CO

Each of these contains a different ratio of elements. Because of this, we have to make sure that the name of the compound explains the correct ratio.

carbon and oxygen

PCl

₅

PCl

₃

phosphorous and chlorine

N

₂

O

₃

N

₂

O

₄

To show the

correct ratio of

elements, we

use

prefixes

.

Steps for Naming

Binary Covalent Compounds

N

₂

O

₄

Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal.

Step 2: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide.

Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of each element are present.

nitrogen

oxide

dinitrogen

tetroxide

Rules for Using Prefixes

Rule 1: Prefixes are only for BINARY COVALENT compounds.

Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.

Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide.

Example: CO₂ is carbon dioxide, and not monocarbon dioxide.

Example: CO is carbon monoxide, and not carbon monooxide.

How would you write each of

the prefixes in front of oxide?

mono- ____________ di- ____________

tri- ____________ tetra- ____________ penta- ____________ hexa- ____________ hepta- ____________ octa- ____________ nona- ____________ deca- ____________

monoxide dioxide

trioxide tetroxide pentoxide _hexoxide heptoxide octoxide nonoxide decoxide

Remember: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide. Leave -i alone.

Name the binary covalent compounds

that are found on your notes.

carbon dioxide

carbon disulfide

phosphorous tribromide

phosphorous pentabromide

diphosphorous pentasulfide

dinitrogen monosulfide

silicon disulfide

nitrogen tribromide

Because of the prefixes, it is very

easy to go from the name of a binary

covalent compound to its formula.

dinitrogen tetrafluoride

Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.

Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.

Write the formulas of the binary

covalent compounds in your notes.

CCl

PCl

N

O

CS

BH

S

Br

SiS

PI

NCl

IF

N

O

PCl

CO

ICl

S

N

H

O

ClF

Naming Ionic and Covalent

Compounds Review

Chemical reactions occur when atoms

gain, lose, or share electrons.

This is what creates compounds!

Metals ________________ electrons.

This gives them a ____ charge.

Positive ions are called ___________.

lose / donate

+

Nonmetals _____________ electrons.

This gives them a ____ charge.

Negative ions are called ___________.

gain / accept

_

cations

anions

Ionic compounds

contain a

metal

and a

nonmetal

.

What elements do ionic compounds

contain?

Metals

Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds

MgCl

₂

Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion.

Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion.

YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy.

magnesium chloride

Remember that we change the name of nonmetal ions to –ide.

Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain,

lose, or

share

electrons.

Sharing electrons creates a covalent bond

Nonmetals can _______ electrons to

form a covalent bond.

This creates a ___________.

share

molecule

Nonmetals

shared electrons

Covalent compounds

contain

only

nonmetals

.

What elements do covalent

compounds contain?

Steps for Naming Covalent Compounds

P

₂

S

₄

Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal.

Step 2: Write the name of the second nonmetal changing its ending to -ide.

Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of each element are present.

phosphorous

sulfide

diphosphorous tetrasulfide

Rules for Using Prefixes with

Covalent Compounds

Rule 1: Prefixes are only for COVALENT compounds.

Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first element of a binary covalent compound. Without a prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.

Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before adding it to oxide.

Example: PCl₃ is phosphorous trichloride, and not monophosphorous trichloride.

Example: N₂O₄ is nitrogen tetroxide, and not nitrogen tetraoxide.

Determining if a compound is

ionic

or

covalent

is easy.

Ionic compounds

contain a

metal

and

a

nonmetal

.

What elements do ionic compounds contain?

Covalent compounds

contain only

nonmetals

.

What elements do covalent compounds

contain?

Decide whether the compounds on

your notes are ionic or covalent.

I C I I

C C I I

Once you decide if a compound is

ionic

or

covalent

you know whether or not

to use prefixes.

Only

COVALENT COMPOUNDS

use

PREFIXES

!

Do NOT make the mistake of using prefixes

with ionic compounds. You will be forced to

decide between answer choices with and

without prefixes on your exam. Know the

difference!

Steps for Naming a Compound

Step 1: Decide if the compound is ionic or

covalent.

Step 2: Write the name of the first element as it appears on the periodic table, change the name of the second element to end with -ide.

Step 3: If, and only if, the compound is covalent, add prefixes.

1.

NH

₄

Cl

ammonium chloride

2.

MgSO

₃

magnesium sulfite

3.

Ca(NO

₂

)

₂

calcium nitrite

4.

KOH

potassium hydroxide

Remember, if

polyatomic ions

appear in an

ionic

compound, simply use the name of

the ion as it appears in the table of

Write the names of the compounds

that appear on your notes.

carbon tetrabromide

carbon monosulfide

sodium permanganate

strontium iodide

potassium sulfate

dinitrogen tetrasulfide

magnesium nitrate

silicon tetrachloride

Determining the Formula of an

Ionic

Compound from Its Name

potassium sulfide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.

Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion.

Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table.

Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

K

+

S

-2

This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just need to use the table of polyatomic ions found on the naming compounds reference sheet.

barium sulfate

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.

Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion.

Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table and the table of polyatomic ions.

Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Ba

+2

SO

₄

-2

BaSO

₄

The charges are the same, so

Be very careful that you do not mix up the names of ions. This is very common for beginners to

naming.

Decide which name goes with each ion.

N

-3

_NO

2

-nitrite

nitride

S

-2

_SO

4

-2

sulfate

sulfide

P

-3

_PO

4

-3

phosphate

phosphide

Remember that the names of transition metals include their charge because their charges are less predictable.

What are the charges of the transition metals below:

Tin (IV) _______

Tin (II) _______

Lead (II) _______

Lead (IV) _______

Iron (II) _______

Iron (III) _______

Copper (II) _______

Copper (I) _______

+4

+2

+2

+4

+2

+3

+2

+1

We know they are positive because

metals are always positive.

The charges of the transition metals are important when you are determining the formula of an ionic compound.

copper (II) nitrate

Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.

Step 2: Write the symbol of the polyatomic ion.

Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table, polyatomic ions table, or the roman numerals.

Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.

Cu

+2

NO

₃

Because of the prefixes, it is very

easy to go from the name of a binary

covalent

compound to its formula.

dihydrogen monoxide

Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.

Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal and the subscript that matches the prefix.

Remember:

The prefix

mono-

is never

used on the first element of a binary

covalent compound. Without a prefix it

is assumed that there is only 1.

Example:

carbon dioxide

Write the formulas of the

compounds that appear on your

notes based on their names.

HCl

BaF

SnS

N

O

CS

S

Cl

Na

PO