DETERMINATION OF WATER, ETHER AND ALCOHOL SOLUBLE
EXTRACTIVES OF
SENNA TORA
Rahul Gaykhe*, Shazeen Khan and Vasant Kadam
P.G. Department of Botany and Research Centre, K.T.H.M College, Nashik-2.
ABSTRACT
Senna tora Linn. is one of the wild herbs which is well known for its medicinal attributes. Various bioactive compounds present in stem,
roots, seeds, leaves as well as its pods this particular plant. Sennatora
Linn. has shown tremendous applications in both traditional and
modern medical practices. It contains some of the useful bioactive
compounds like anthraquinone glycosides, phenolic compounds,
myricyl alcohol, steroids, flavonoids etc. The pharmacological profile
reveals it to be for its good anti-oxidant activity, anti-microbial
activity, antidiabetic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immune
stimulatory activities, hepatoprotective activity, antitumor activity,
oxytocic activity, anthelmintic activity etc. The present study was carried out to determine
extractive values leaves, stem and leaves of Senna tora. The range of water soluble extractive value in stem (52.66 to 54.66%) was found more followed by leaves (16.33 to 18.66%) and
root (32.66 to 36.00%). The range of alcohol soluble extractive value in stem (26.33 to
28.33%) was found slightly more followed by leaves (26.00 to 27.66%) and root (25.00 to
27.33%). The range of ether soluble extractive value in stem (39.00 to 42.33%) was found
more followed by leaves (29.66 to 31.00%) and root (28.66 to 32.33%).
KEYWORDS: Senna tora, water, alcohol and ether soluble extractive values.
INTRODUCTION
According to World Health Organization (WHO) majority of the world’s population use
traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. Medicinal plants are the most
important resource of life saving drugs.
Volume 7, Issue 17, 1406-1410. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105
Article Received on 20 August 2018,
Revised on 10 Sept. 2018, Accepted on 30 Sept. 2018
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr201817-13474
*Corresponding Author
Rahul Gaykhe
P.G. Department of Botany
and Research Centre,
This plant is popularly known as Foetid Senna tora, Sickle Senna, Wild Senna, Sickle Pod, Coffee Pod, Tovara, Chakvad and Ringworm Plant. The Senna tora is also known as Charota and Chakvad in Hindi, Chakunda in Bengali and Oriya, Kawaria in Gujarati,
Chakramandrakam in Malayalam, Takala in Marathi, Chakramarda & Dadmari in Sanskrit,
Tagarai in Tamil and Chinnakasinda in Telugu (Nadkarni, 2009; Singh and Khan, 1990). The
leaves and seeds are of use in cardiac disorders, dyspepsia, leprosy, ringworm, colic,
constipation, flatulence, cough and bronchitis. Pods are used in dysentery as well as to treat
eye diseases. Root is known to be bitter, tonic, stomachic and is antidote against snake bite
(Hemadri and Rao, 1984). In Andhra Pradesh, the tribal people had been using the leaves of
this plant grounded along with peppers and water into a paste, for the treatment of Jaundice
(Dastur, 1962). The leaves are alterative, aperient, antiperiodic and given to children
suffering from intestinal disorders (Manojlovic et.al, 2006). The leaves, roots, and even the
whole plant are engaged in cure of ulcers, helmenthiasis, impetigo and as a purgative (Deore
et.al, 2009). The pounded leaves are useful as poultice on cuts. The antibacterial activity of
leaf extracts on various human pathogens were reported by (Chavanet al, 2011; Sharma et al, 2010; Raoet al, 2012; Gill et al, 2011). The antioxidant properties of topical cream prepared by.
The in vitro anthelmintic activity of Senna tora was reported by (Kawade and Manisha, 2013). The antifungal activity of leaf extract was reported by (Mukherjee et al, 1996). The antiarthritic activity of Senna tora plant parts was reported by (Balekaret al, 2013). Therefore the objective of the present study was to determine the effective solvent for extraction of
various parts of Senna tora using water, alcohol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material of Senna tora was obtained from forest. The whole plant material was shade dried at room temperature and kept in oven for 40ºC to remove moisture. The dried plant was
then finely grinded by mechanical grinder manually. The powder obtained was then sieved
and kept in air tight containers. The herbarium of Senna tora was kept to herbarium department of Botany, K.T.H.M. College, Nashik.
1) Water-Soluble Extractive - 1gm of air dried drug, coarsely powered was macerated with
100 ml distilled water in a closed flask for 24 hours shaking frequently. Solution was
dried at 1000 0C and weighed. The percentage of water soluble extractive was calculated
with reference to the air dried drugs.
2) Alcohol-Soluble Extractive -1gm of air dried drugs, coarsely powdered was macerated
with 100 ml alcohol in closed flask for 24 hours with frequent shaking. It was filtered
rapidly taking precaution against loss of alcohol. 25 ml of filtrate was then evaporated in
a tarred flat bottom shallow dish, dried at 10000C and weighed. The percentage of alcohol
soluble extractive was calculated with reference to the air dried drugs.
3) Ether-Soluble Extractive - 1gm of air dried drugs, coarsely powdered was macerated with
100 ml ether in closed flask for 24 hours with frequent shaking. It was filtered rapidly
taking precaution against loss of ether. 25 ml of filtrate was then evaporated in a tarred
flat bottom shallow dish, dried at 1000C and weighed. The percentage of ether soluble
extractive was calculated with reference to the air dried drugs.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Different plant species would obviously have different chemical profile. Chemical present in
the plant material could be dissolved in different solvent for the purpose of further analysis.
Therefore, three solvents - water, alcohol and ether were selected to determine the soluble
substance of Senna tora, this was again carried out in three seasons viz. summer, monsoon and winter.
The summer collection of leaves showed higher content (18.66%) of water soluble extractive
as compared to winter (18.33%) and monsoon (16.33%). However, the summer sample of
stem exhibited higher at summer (54.66%) as compared to winter and monsoon respectively
(53.33 and 52.66%) (Table No.1). In root summer shows higher content of water soluble
extractive (36%) as compared to winter (34 %) and monsoon (32.66%). The lowest amount
of water soluble extractive content in monsoon (32.66%) season (Table No.1 and Graph
No.1).
The summer collection of leaves showed higher content (27.66%) of alcohol soluble
extractive as compared to winter (26%) and monsoon (26%). However, the summer sample
of stem exhibited higher amount of alcohol soluble extractive (28.33 %) as compared to
summer and monsoon. In root summer shows higher content of alcohol soluble extractive
(27.33a%) as compared to winter (26.33%) and monsoon (25%) (Table No.1 and Graph
The ether soluble extractive in leaves ranged from 29.66% to 31%, highest concentration
being observed during summer season (31%). Ether soluble extractive of stem showed the
ranged of (39% to 42.33%) for three seasons tested. The root seemed to be having the lowest
concentration of (28.33% to 32.33%) ether soluble extractive when compared to leaves, and
stem during three seasons examined. Generally, it was observed that the summer of leaves
(31%), in summer of stem (42.33%) and summer of root (32.33%) showed significantly
higher percentage of ether soluble extractive. The range of extractive percentage in water,
alcohol and ether were found to be increasing order root< stem< leaves (Table No.1 and
Graph No.1).
Table No. 1 -Determination of soluble extractive of Senna tora. Plant
part Season
Water Soluble Extractive (%)
Alcohol Soluble Extractive (%)
Ether Soluble Extractive (%)
Leaves
Summer 18.66 27.66 31.00
Monsoon 16.33 26.00 29.66
Winter 18.33 26.00 30.00
Stem
Summer 54.66 28.33 42.33
Monsoon 52.66 26.33 39.00
Winter 53.33 27.00 41.00
Root
Summer 36.00 27.33 32.33
Monsoon 32.66 25.00 28.66
Winter 34.00 26.33 30.00
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