Third Conference
o n
Applied
Natural Language
Processing
Association for
Computational Linguistics
Proceedings of the Conference
3 1 M a r c h - 3 A p r i l 1 9 9 2
Trento, Italy
© 1992, Association for Computational Linguistics
Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from:
Donald E. Walker (ACL)
Bellcore, MRE 2A379
445 South Street, Box 1910
P R E F A C E
The focus of the
Third Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing
is on the
application of n a t u r a l language processing techniques to real world problems with the aim
of featuring the best work presently available in the world. It is the first time t h a t this
conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics has been held outside of the
U n i t e d States: it follows on from ones held in S a n t a Monica, California in 1983 and in
Austin, Texas in 1988.
Thirty papers a n d eighteen posters were selected from one h u n d r e d submissions to
the program c o m m i t t e e from four continents. A rich d e m o n s t r a t i o n p r o g r a m of about
thirty system demonstrations together with a video program, show Concretely the level of
a c h i e v e m e n t of applied n a t u r a l language processing research.
The success is due to to a n u m b e r of people. In the first place to Don Walker (ACL
Secretary-Treasurer, Bellcore) who encouraged us and gave his precious advice on all the
phases of the conference organization. The m a i n credit for the success of the conference of
course goes to the paper, poster video and demo authors. The majority of s u b m i t t e d papers
reported were of high quality work and to select only fewer t h a n one t h i r d of t h e m for
inclusion as full papers in the program has been a very difficult t a s k for the program
committee. Some o t h e r s u b m i s s i o n s were t h o u g h t as more a p p r o p r i a t e for a poster
p r e s e n t a t i o n . The m a i n criteria for posters was t h a t t h e m a t e r i a l s e e m e d to be best
p r e s e n t e d in t h a t format. A two page abstract of each poster is also i n c l u d e d in this
volume. We are indebted to the Program Committee members, who have worked with a lot
of dedication and seriousness and h a v e shown the capability for m a k i n g difficult decisions:
Robert Amsler, M I T R E
Giacomo Ferrari,
Univ. of Pisa
Eduard Hovy,
USC/IS1
Paul Jacobs,
General Electric
Martin Kay, Xerox PARC
Mark Liberman,
Univ. Pennsylvania
Paul Martin,
I B M
Kathy McKeown, Columbia Univ.
Sergei Nirenburg,
Carnegie Mellon Univ.
Makoto Nagao, Kyoto Univ.
Remko Scha,
Univ. of Amsterdam
Karen Sparck Jones,
Univ. of Cambridge
Henry Thompson,
Univ. of Edinburgh
Wolfgang Wahlster,
DFKI
The i n v i t e d speakers are a major attraction for this conference: Bill Woods, Igor
Melcuk and Norm Sondheimer, from different points of view, have a lot to say to us (even if
they all modestly seem not to be aware of this ... ). We t h a n k t h e m a lot.
The conference could not have occurred without the e n c o u r a g e m e n t of Luigi Stringa,
Director of IRST, and the organizational competence of Tullio Grazioli, who h e a d e d the
local a r r a n g e m e n t s . To him our t h a n k s as to all of the IRST staff involved. We are
particularly indebted to Jon Slack, who organized the tutorials; to Carlo Strapparava, who
has t a k e n care of t h e demonstrations, and to the preconference workshop organizers. But
perhaps the persons t h a t at the e n d we m u s t t h a n k the most are our secretaries: Carola
Dori, IRST, a n d Diane Bass, BBN Systems and Technologies. They have done invaluable
work. We simply could not have held the conference if it were not for them.
Madeleine Bates,
B B N Systems and Technologies
Oliviero Stock, IRST, Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica
P r o g r a m C o m m i t t e e Chairs
C O N F E R E N C E
P R O G R A M
MONDAY, 30 MARCH
PRECONFERENCE WORKSHOPS
9:00-12:30
Empirical Models and Methodology for Natural Language Dialogue Systems
14:30-18:00
Lars Ahrenberg, Nils Dahlback, Arne Jonsson (LinkSping University)
9:00-12:30
Fully-Implemented Natural Language Understanding Systems
14:30-18:00
Kai von Luck (IBM Deutschland), Claus-Rainer Rollinger (Univ. Osnabrfick),
Hans-Joachim Novak (IBM Deutschland)
TUTORIALS
9:00-12:30
9:00-12:30
14:30-18:00
14:30-18:00
TUESDAY, 31 MARCH
The Current Status of Machine Translation Systems
Jun-ichi Tsujii (University of Manchester)
Evaluation of Natural Language Modalities
Sharon Oviatt, Philip Cohen (SRI International)
Speech Recognition for Natural Language Processing Researchers
Renato DeMori (McGill University)
9:00 - 10:00
10:30-11:00
11:00-12:30
14:30-15:30
WEDNESDAY, 1 APRIL
Guest Speaker:
W i l l i a m W o o d s(Sun Microsystems)
Knowledge and Language: Challenges for the 90's
Conference Opening
Welcome address: Don Walker (ACL Secretary), Luigi Stringa (Director of IRST)
S E S S I O N 1:
DIALOG AND
SEMANTICSDeriving Database Queries from Logical Forms by Abductive Definition Expansion
Rayner M., Alshawi H. (SRI International, UK)
A Dialog Control Algorithm and Its Performance
Smith R.W., Hipp R.D., Bierman A.W. (Duke University)
An Approach to Multilevel Semantics for Applied Systems
Lavelli A., Magnini B., Strapparava C. (IRST)
SESSION 2:
NLP AND
SPEECH16:00-18:30
9:00-10:00
10:30-12:30
14:30-16:00
A Parser for Real-Time Speech Synthesis of Conversational Texts
Bachenko J., Daugherty J., Fitzpatrick E. (AT&T Bell Labs.)
Real-Time Linguistic Analysis for Continuous Speech Understanding
Baggia P., Gerbino E., Giachin E., Rullent C. (CSELT)
S E S S I O N 3: GENERATION
Applied Text Generation
Rambow 0. (University of Pennsylvania), Korelsky T. (COGenTex Inc.)
Automatic Generation of Multimodal Weather Reports from Datasets
Kerpedjiev S.M. (Institute of Mathematics, Sofia)
Generating Spatial Descriptions for Cross-modal References
Wazinski P. (University of Saarbrticken)
Automatic Generation of On-Line Documentation in the IDAS Project
Reiter E., Mellish C., Levine J. (University of Edinburgh)
Integrating Natural Language Components into Graphical Discourse
Dilley S., Bateman J., Thiel U., Tissen A. (GMD)
T H U R S D A Y , 2 A P R I L
Guest Speaker: Igor Melcuk (Universit~ de Montreal)
An Emigrant's View of Applied NLP
SESSION 4: LEXICON ACQUISITION
The Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge
Dictionary Sources
Sanfilippo A. (University of Cambridge),
Bruxelles)
from Combined Machine-Readable
Poznanski V. (Universit~ Libre de
The ACQUILEX LKB: Representation Issues in Semi-Automatic Acquisition of
Large Lexicons
Copestake A. (University of Cambridge)
Computational Lexicons: the Neat Examples and the Odd Exemplars
Basili R., Pazienza M.T. (Universit~ Tor Vergata, Roma), Velardi P. (Universit~
di Ancona)
Automatic Learning for Semantic Collocation
Sekine S. (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.), Carroll J.J., Ananiadou S., Tsujii J.
(University of Manchester)
SESSION 5: E R R O R CORRECTION
Detecting and Correcting Morpho-syntactic Errors in Real Texts
Vosse T. (Nijmegen University)
XUXEN: A Spelling Checker / Corrector for Basque Based on Two-Level Morphology
16:30-18:30
13~0-16~0
Agirre E., Alegria I., Arregi X., Artola X., Diaz de Ilarraza A., Maritxalar M.,
Sarasola K. (Universidad del Pais Vasco), Urkia M. (U.Z.E.I.)
Extended Spelling Correction for German
Kese R., Dudda F., Heyer G., Kugler M. (TA Triumph-Adler AG)
SESSION 6: CORPORA
AND TAGGING
A Practical Part-of-Speech Tagger
Cutting D., Kupiec J., Pedersen J., Sibun P. (Xerox PARC)
DILEMMA-2: a Lemmatizer-Tagger for Medical Abstracts
Paulussen H. (FUNDP, Namur), Martin W. (Free University Amsterdam)
A Corpus-Based Statistical Approach to Automatic Book Indexing
Chang J.S., Tseng T.Y., Cheng Y., Chen H.C., Cheng S.D. (National Tsing Hua
University), Ker S.J. (SooChow University), Liu J.S. (Sampo Research Institute)
A Simple Rule-Based Part of Speech Tagger
Brill E. (University of Pennsylvania)
POSTERS
Tagging and Alignment of Parallel Texts: Current Status of BCP
Winarske A., Warwick-Armstrong S. (ISSCO), Hajic J. (Charles University)
Robust Parsing of Natural Language Descriptions Expressed in Telegraphic Style
Fasolo M., Garbuio L., Malanima A. (CERVEDomani), Guarino N. (LADSEB-
CNR)
Overview of Natural Language Processing of Captions for Retrieving Multimedia
Data
Guglielmo E. (Naval Weapons Center), Rowe N.C. (Naval Postgraduate School)
MORPHE': A Practical Compiler for Reversible Morphology Rules
Leavitt J.R.R. (Carnegie Mellon University)
Practical World Modeling for NLP Applications
Carlson L. (U.S. Dept. of Defense), Nirenburg S. (Carnegie Mellon University)
Portable Natural Language Generation using SPOKESMAN
Meteer M. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
A Method of Automatic Hypertext Construction from an Encyclopedic Dictionary of a
Specific Field
Kurohashi S., Nagao M., Sato S., Murakami M. (Kyoto University)
Comparisons in NLIs: Datenbank-Dialog and the Relevance of Habitability
Trost H. (DFKI), Heinz W., Matiasek J., Buchberger E. (OEFAI)
A Tool for Grammar Engineering
Erbach G. (University of Saarland)
Dialogue Management for Telephone Information Systems
20:00
McGlashan S., Fraser N., Gilbert N. (University of Surrey), Bilange E. (Cap
Gemini Innovation), Heisterkamp P. (Daimler-Benz AG), Youd N. (Logica
Cambridge Ltd)
Lexicon Design Using a Paradigmatic Approach
Dumitrescu C. (Research Institute for Informatics, Bucharest)
Acquiring and Exploiting the User's Knowledge in Guidance Interactions
Shifroni E., Ornan U. (Technion - Israel Institute of Technology)
Learning a Scanning Understanding for "Real-World" Library Categorization
Wermter S. (University of Hamburg)
SEISD: An Environment for Extraction of Semantic Information from On-Line
Dictionaries
Ageno A., Castellon I., Rigau G., Ribas F., Rodriguez H., Verdejo F. (Univ.
Polit~cnica de Catalunya), Marti M.A., Taul~ M. (Univ. de Barcelona)
Multi-purpose Development and Operation Environments for Natural Language
Applications
Nirenburg S., Shell P., Cohen A., Cousseau P., Grannes D., McNeilly C. (Carnegie
Mellon University)
The Role of Testing in Grammar Engineering
Volk M. (University of Koblenz-Landau)
Lexical Processing in the CLARE System
Carter D.M. (SRI International, UK)
Banquet
9:00-10:00
10:30-12:30
F R I D A Y ,
3 A P R I L
SESSION 7: EVALUATION
Evaluating Parsing Strategies Using Standardized Parse Files
Grishman R., Macleod C., Sterling J. (New York University)
A Practical Methodology for the Evaluation of Spoken Language Systems
Boisen S., Bates M. (BBN)
SESSION 8: TEXT AND INFORMATION EXTRACTION
Automatic Extraction of Facts from Press Releases to Generate News Stories
Andersen P.M., Hayes P.J., Huettner A.K., Nirenburg I.B., Schmandt L.M.
(Carnegie Group Inc), Weinstein S.P. (Reuters Ltd)
Joining Statistics with NLP for Text Categorization
Jacobs P.S. (General Electric Research and Development Center)
Robust Processing of Real-World Natural-Language Texts
Hobbs J.R., Appelt D.E., Bear J., Tyson M. (SRI International)
An Efficient Chart-based Algorithm for Partial-Parsing of Unrestricted Texts
14:00-15:30
15:45-16:45
McDonald D.D.
S E S S I O N 9: MACHINE TRANSLATION AND TOOLS
Zero Pronoun Resolution in a Japanese to English Machine Translation System Using Verbal Semantic Attributes
Nakaiwa H., I k e h a r a S. (NTT)
Compound Nouns in a Unification-Based M T System
Bouillon P., Boesefeldt K., Russell G. (ISSCO)
X T A G - A Graphical Workbench for Developing Tree-Adjoining Grammars
P a r a o u b e k P. ( I n s t i t u t Blaise Pascal), Schabes Y., J o s h i A.K. (University of P e n n s y l v a n i a )
Guest
Speaker: N o r m a n S o n d h e i m e r (General Electric)
Practical Natural Language Processing: Where have we been and where can we go?
V I D E O P R O G R A M
A Demonstration of the "Circuit Fix-it Shoppe"
Hipp D.R., S m i t h R.W. (Duke University)
Speech Processing at B B N
Bates M.(BBN Systems and Technologies)
LILOG - Linguistics and Logic in Text Understanding
Bosch P., Pletat U., Wilms J.(IBM Germany)
The AlFresco Interactive System
Stock O. and the NLP Group (IRST)
KL-Magma 2: A Knowledge Representation System
Cappelli A.(Ist. Linguistica Computazionale - CNR)
T U T O R I A L A B S T R A C T S
The current status of Machine Translation
8ystems
J u n - i c h i T s u j i i ,
Centre for Computational
Linguistics, Uniw:rsity of Manchester
Institute of Science and Technology
MT r e s e a r c h h a s its own h i s t o r y largely i n d e p e n d e n t from t h e m a i n s t r e a m s of Theoretical L i n g u i s t i c s (TL), C o m p u t a t i o n a l L i n g u i s t i c s (CL), a n d N a t u r a l L a n g u a g e U n d e r s t a n d i n g ( N L U ) in A r t i f i c i a l I n t e l l i g e n c e . H o w e v e r , t h e t u t o r i a l will emphasize the relevance of these fields to MT a n d will p r o p o s e a u n i f i e d view on MT p r o b l e m s . P r o b l e m s in MT will be re- formulated and addressed in terms of the more general frameworks of TL, CL and NLU.
After briefly s u m m a r i z i n g the history of MT, the t u t o r i a l will discuss how the concept of
translation equivalence
(TE) has been captured in t h e v a r i o u s f r a m e w o r k s of MT, such as T r a n s f e r a n d I n t e r l i n g u a l a p p r o a c h e s . A definition of TE will t h e n be proposed and discussed in t e r m s of some of the f u n d a m e n t a l problems facing MT systems, such as (1) context d e p e n d e n c y of t r a n s l a t i o n , (2) l e x i c a l discrepancies a m o n g individual languages, (3) idiosyncratic s t r u c t u r a l correspondences, (4) k n o w l e d g e - b a s e d p r o c e s s i n g in MT, (5) d e c l a r a t i v e f o r m a l i s m s for b i - l i n g u a l knowledge, and so on. Problems encountered by c u r r e n t c o m m e r c i a l l y available MT s y s t e m s will also be discussed. In p a r t i c u l a r , t h e adaptability of MT systems will be considered. New paradigms for MT, such as Statistic-based MT, E x a m p l e - b a s e d MT, a n d Analogy-based MT will also be considered from the point of view of "adaptability".S p e e c h Recognition for Natural Language
P r o c e s s i n g
Researchers
R e n a t o D e M o r i ,
School of .Computer
Science, McGill University
The tutorial will cover a wide range of issues and topics within Speech Recognition including a brief review of the speech c o m m u n i c a t i o n c h a n n e l ; s p e e c h p r o c e s s i n g a n d f e a t u r e extraction; speech u n i t s a n d t h e i r models; Hidden Markov Models; unit training and their
a d a p t a t i o n ; c o n n e c t i o n i s t m o d e l s of speech recognition and some of t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t applications within t h e field, with a simple example of person/robot dialogue being treated in detail.
Some more specific topics will be covered i n c l u d i n g t h e following: an o v e r v i e w of l a n g u a g e a n d d i a l o g u e m o d e l s u s e d for A u t o m a t i c S p e e c h R e c o g n i t i o n a n d U n d e r s t a n d i n g ; S t o c h a s t i c l a n g u a g e models, t h e i r m o t i v a t i o n s , types, t r a i n i n g a n d use; S t o c h a s t i c g r a m m a r s a n d p a r s e r s , a n d s e m a n t i c analysis a n d dialogue models in a s t o c h a s t i c f r a m e w o r k . T h e r e is also t h e possibility of i n t e r a c t i n g with d e m o n s t r a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to a p p l i c a t i o n s in d i c t a t i o n a n d person/robot dialogue.
E v a l u a t i o n o f N a t u r a l L a n g u a g e
ModAlities
S h a r o n O v i a t t a n d P h i l i p C o h e n ,
Artificial
Intelligence Center, SRI International
XUXEN: A Spelling Checker / Corrector for Basque Based on Two-Level Morphology Agirre E., Alegria I., Arregi X., Artola X., Diaz de I l a r r a z a A., M a r i t x a l a r M.,
Sarasola K., U r k i a M . . . 119 Extended Spelling Correction for German
Kese R., Dudda F., t l e y e r G., Kugler M . . . 126
SESSION 6: C O R P O R A AND T A G G I N G
A Practical Part-of-Speech Tagger
C u t t i n g D., Kupiec J., Pedersen J., Sibun P . . . 133 DILEMMA-2: a Lemmatizer-Tagger for Medical Abstracts
P a u l u s s e n H., M a r t i n W . . . 141 A Corpus-Based Statistical Approach to Automatic Book Indexing
C h a n g J.S., Tseng T.Y., Cheng Y., Chen H.C., Cheng S.D., Ker S.J., Liu J.S . . . 147 A Simple Rule-Based Part of Speech Tagger
Brill E . . . 152
S E S S I O N 7: EVALUATION
Evaluating Parsing Strategies Using Standardized Parse Files
G r i s h m a n R., Macleod C., Sterling J . . . 156 A Practical Methodology fi~r the Evaluation of Spoken Language Systems
Boisen S., Bates M . . . 162
S E S S I O N 8: T E X T AND I N F O R M A T I O N ' E X T R A C T I O N
Automatic Extraction of Facts from Press Releases to Generate News Stories
A n d e r s e n P.M., Hayes P.J., H u e t t n e r A.K., N i r e n b u r g I.B., S c h m a n d t L.M.,
W e i n s t e i n S.P . . . 170 Joining Statistics with N L P for Text Categorization
Jacobs P.S . . . 178 Robust Processing o f Real-World Natural-Language Texts
Hobbs J.R., Appelt D.E., Bear J., Tyson M . . . 186 An Efficient Chart-based Algorithm for Partial-Parsing of Unrestricted Texts
McDonald D.D . . . 193
S E S S I O N 9: M A C H I N E T R A N S L A T I O N AND T O O L S
Zero Pronoun Resolution in a Japanese to English Machine Translation System Using Verbal Semantic Attributes
N a k a i w a H., I k e h a r a S . . . 201 Compound Nouns in a Unification-based M T System
Bouillon P., Boesefeldt K., Russell G . . . 209 X T A G - A Graphical Workbench for Developing Tree-Adjoining Grammars
T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S
SESSION 1: DIALOG AN]) SEMANTICS
Deriving Database Queries from Logical Forms by Abductive Definition Expansion
R a y n e r M., A l s h a w i H . . . 1
A Dialog Control Algorithm and Its Performance
S m i t h R.W., H i p p R.D., B i e r m a n A . W . . . 9
An Approach to Multilevel Semantics for Applied Systems
L a v e l l i A., M a g n i n i B., S t r a p p a r a v a C . . . 17
SESSION 2: NLP AND SPEECH
A Parser for Real-Time Speech Synthesis of Conversational Texts
B a c h e n k o J . , D a u g h e r t y J., F i t z p a t r i c k E . . . 25
Real-Time Linguistic Analysis for Continuous Speech Understanding
B a g g i a P., G e r b i n o E., G i a c h i n E., R u l l e n t C . . . 33
S E S S I O N 3: G E N E R A T I O N "
Applied Text Generation
R a m b o w 0 . , K o r e l s k y T . . . 40
Automatic Generation of Multimodal Weather Reports from Datasets
K e r p e d j i e v S . M . . . 48
Generating Spatial Descriptions for Cross-modal References
W a z i n s k i P . . . 56
Automatic Generation of On-Line Documentation in the IDAS Project
R e i t e r E., M e l l i s h C., L e v i n e J . . . 64
Integrating Natural Language Components into Graphical Discourse
D i l l e y S., B a t e m a n J . , T h i e l U., T i s s e n A . . . 72
SESSION 4: LEXICON ACQUISITION
The Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge from Combined Machine-Readable Dictionary Sources
S a n f i l i p p o A . , P o z n a n s k i V . . . 80The ACQUILEX LKB: Representation Issues in Semi-automatic Acquisition of Large Lexicons
C o p e s t a k e A . . . 88
Computational Lexicons: the Neat Examples and the Odd Exemplars
B a s i l i R., P a z i e n z a M . T . , V e l a r d i P . . . 96
Automatic Learning for Semantic Collocation
S e k i n e S., C a r r o l l J . J . , A n a n i a d o u S., T s u j i i J . . . 104
SESSION 5: ERROR CORRECTION
Detecting and Correcting Morpho-syntactic Errors in Real Texts
POSTERS
Tagging and Alignment of Parallel Texts: Current Status of BCP
W i n a r s k e A., W a r w i c k - A r m s t r o n g S., Hajic J . . . 227
Robust Parsing of Natural Language Descriptions Expressed in Telegraphic Style
Fasolo M., G a r b u i o L., M a l a n i m a A., G u a r i n o N . . . 229
Overview of Natural Language Processing of Captions for Retrieving Multimedia Data
G u g l i e l m o E., Rowe N.C . . . 231
MORPHE': A Practical Compiler for Reversible Morphology Rules
L e a v i t t J . R . R . . . 233
Practical World Modeling for NLP Applications
Carlson L., N i r e n b u r g S . . . 235
Portable Natural Language Generation using SPOKESMAN
M e t e e r M . . . 237
A Method of Automatic Hypertext Construction from an Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Specific Field
K u r o h a s h i S., N a g a o M., S a t o S., M u r a k a m i M ... 239Comparisons in NLIs: Datenbank-Dialog and the Relevance of Habitability
T r o s t H., H e i n z W., M a t i a s e k J., B u c h b e r g e r E . . . 241
A Tool for Grammar Engineering
Erbach G . . . 243
Dialogue Management for Telephone Information Systems
M c G l a s h a n S., F r a s e r N., G i l b e r t N., B i l a n g e E. , H e i s t e r k a m p P., Youd N ... 245 '
Lexicon Design Using a Paradigmatic Approach
D u m i t r e s c u C . . . 247
Acquiring and Exploiting the User's Knowledge in Guidance Interactions
Shifroni E., O r n a n U . . . 249
Learning a Scanning Understanding for "Real-World" Library Categorization
W e r m t e r S . . . 251
SEISD: An Environment for Extraction of Semantic Information from On-Line Dictionaries
Ageno A., C a s t e l l o n I., R i g a u G., Ribas F., Rodriguez H., Verdejo F., M a r t i M.A.,
T a u l ~ M . . . 253
Multi-purpose Development and Operation Environments for Natural Language Applications
N i r e n b u r g S., Shell P., C o h e n A., C o u s s e a u P., G r a n n e s D., M c N e i l l y C ... 255
The Role of Testing in Grammar Engineering
V o | k M . . . 257
Lexical Processing in the CLARE System
C a r t e r D.M . . . 259
A U T H O R I N D E X
A g e n o A l i c i a . . . 2 5 3
A g i r r e E . . . 119
A l e g r i a I . . . 119
A l s h a w i H i y a n . . . 1
A n a n i a d o u S o f i a . . . 104
A n d e r s o n P e g g y M . . . 170
A p p e l t D o u g l a s E . . . 186
A r r e g i X . . . 119
A r t o l a X . . . 119
B a c h e n k o J o a n . . . 25
B a g g i a P a o l o . . . 33
B a s i l i R o b e r t 0 . . . 96
B a t e m a n J o h n . . . 72
B a t e s M a d e l e i n e . . . 162
B e a r J o h n . . . 186
B i e r m a n A l a n W . . . 9
B i l a n g e E r i c . . . 2 4 5 B o e s e f e l d t K a t h a r i n a . . . 2 0 9 B o i s e n S e a n . . . 162
B o u i l l o n P i e r r e t t e . . . 2 0 9 B r i l l E r i c . . . 152
B u c h b e r g e r E r n s t . . . 2 4 1 C a r l s o n L y n . . . 2 3 5 C a r r o l l J e r e m y J . . . 104
C a r t e r D a v i d M . . . 2 5 9 C a s t e l l o n I r e n e . . . 2 5 3 C h a n g J y u n - S h e n g . . . 147
C h e n H u e y - C h y u n . . . 147
C h e n g S u n - D e r . . . 147
C h e n g Y i n g . . . 147
C o h e n A r i e l . . . 2 5 5 C o p e s t a k e A n n e . . . 88
C o u s s e a u P e t e r . . . 2 5 5 C u t t i n g D o u g . . . 133
D a u g h e r t y J e f f r e y . . . 25
D i a z d e I l a r r a z a A . . . 119
D i l l e y S t e p h a n . . . 72
D u d d a F r i e d r i c h . . . 126
D u m i t r e s c u C r i s t i n a . . . 2 4 7 E r b a c h G r e g o r . . . 2 4 3 F a s o l o M i c h e l a . . . 2 2 9 F i t z p a t r i c k E i ! e e n . . . 25
F r a s e r N o r m a n . . . 2 4 5 G a r b u i o L o r e n z o . . . 2 2 9 G e r b i n o E l i s a b e t t a . . . 33
G i a c h i n E g i d i o . . . 33
G i l b e r t N i g e l . . . 2 4 5 G r a n n e s D e a n . . . 2 5 5 G r i s h m a n R a l p h . . . 156
G u a r i n o N i c o ! a . . . 2 2 9 G u g l i e l m o E u g e n e J . . . 2 3 1 H a j i c J . . . 2 2 7 H a y e s P h i l i p J . . . 170
H e i n z W o l f g a n g . . . 2 4 1 H e i s t e r k a m p P a u l . . . 2 4 5 H e y e r G e r h a r d . . . 126
H i p p R i c h a r d D . . . 9
H o b b s J e r r y R . . . 186
H u e t t n e r A l i s o n K . . . 170
I k e h a r a S a t o r u . . . 2 0 1 J a c o b s P a u l S . . . 178
J o s h i A r a v i n d K . . . 2 1 6 K e r S u r - J i n . . . 147
K e r p e d j i e v S t e p h a n M . . . 4 8 K e s e R a l f . . . 126
K o r e l s k y T a n y a . . . 4 0 K u g l e r M a r i a n n e . . . 126
K u p i e c J u l i a n . . . 133
K u r o h a s h i S a d a o . . . 2 3 9 L a v e l l i A l b e r t o . . . 17
L e a v i t t J o h n R . R . . . 2 3 3 L e v i n e J o h n . . . 6 4 L i u J o h n S . . . 147
M a c l e o d C a t h e r i n e . . . 156
M a g n i n i B e r n a r d o . . . 17
M a l a n i m a A n d r e a . . . 2 2 9 M a r i t x a l a r M . . . 119
M a r t i M . A . . . 2 5 3 M a r t i n W i l l y . . . 141
M a t i a s e k J o h a n n e s . . . 2 4 1 M c D o n a l d D a v i d D . . . 193
M c G l a s h a n S c o t t . . . 2 4 5 M c N e i l l y C h r i s . . . 2 5 5 M e l l i s h C h r i s . . . 64
M e t e e r M a r i e . . . 237
M u r a k a m i M a s a h i k o . . . 239
N a g a o M a k o t o . . . 239
N a k a i w a H i r o m i . . . 201
N i r e n b u r g I r e n e B . . . 17C N i r e n b u r g S e r g e i . . . 2 3 5 , 255 O r n a n U z z i . . . 24c P a r a o u b e k P a t r i c k . . . 21~
P a u l u s s e n H a n s . . . 141
P a z i e n z a M a r i a T e r e s a . . . 9(
P e d e r s e n J a n . . . 135
P o z n a n s k i V i c t o r . . . 8(
R a m b o w O w e n . . . 4(
R a y n e r M a n n y . . . ~ R e i t e r E h u d . . . 6L R i b a s F r a n c e s c . . . 25~
R i g a u G e r m a n . . . 2.53
R o d r i g u e z H o r a c i o . . . 253
R o w e N e i l C . . . 2 3 1 R u l l e n t C l a u d i o . . . , .. . . ~ 3 3 R u s s e l l G r a h a m . . . 209
S a n f i l i p p o A n t o n i o . . . . 80
S a r a s o l a K . . . . 119
S a t o S a t o s h i . . . 239
S c h a b e s Y v e s . . . 216
S c h m a n d t L i n d a M . . . 170
S e k i n e S a t o s h i . . . 104
S h e l l P e t e r . . . 255
S h i f r o n i E y a l . . . 249
S i b u n P e n e l o p e . . . 133
S m i t h R o n n i e W . . . _ 9 S t e r l i n g J o h n . . . 156
S t r a p p a r a v a C a r l o . . . . 17
T a u l d M a r i o n a . . . 253
T h i e l U l r i c h . . . . 72
T i s s e n A n n e . . . . 72
T r o s t H a r a l d . . . 241
T s e n g T s u n g - Y i h . . . 147
T s u j i i J u n ' i c h i . . . 104
T y s o n M a b r y . . . 186
U r k i a M . . . 119
V e l a r d i P a o l a . . . ° 96
V e r d e j o F e l i s a . . . 253
V o l k M a r t i n . . . ~ 257
V o s s e T h e o . . . 111
W a r w i c k - A r m s t r o n g S . . . 227
W a z i n s k i P e t e r . . . ~ 56
W e i n s t e i n S t e v e n P . . . 170
W e r m t e r S t e f a n . . . 250
W i n a r s k e A . . . 227
Y o u d N i c k . . . 245
