*
FACULTY:
nursing and midwifery science
*
COURSE:
microbiology and parasitology
(NUR-Micr-118)
SEMESTER2
*
BATCH :
11
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U. Wafaa Ali Mohamed
*
TEL
.:
0905088305
Safe injection practice
By
:
Safe injection practice
:
Definition :
Safe injection practices are apart of
standard precaution and are aim at
maintaining basic levels of patient
safety and provider protections.
Back ground
Needle sticks and other sharps-related injuries which expose workers to blood borne pathogens continue to be a
significant hazard for hospital employees. OSHA estimates that 5.6 million workers in the healthcare industry and related
Blood borne pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms that are present in
human blood and can cause disease in humans.
These pathogens include Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV),Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and
According to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC),
about
385,000
sharps injuries occur
annually to hospital employees.
Definition
:
Needle stick injury:
is the accidental puncture of the skin by a needle during a medical intervention .
Accidental exposure to blood:
The un intended contact with blood and or with body fluid mixed with the blood during a medical interventions.
Blood borne pathogen and risk of
infection
:
Injuries occur because of the following
:
1.
Passing or transferring equipment.
2.
Recapping contaminated needles.
3.
Colliding with coworkers.
4.
Decontaminating/processing used
equipment.
10
5-Injuries occur from sharps left in unusual places:
Laundry
Mattresses
How can I protect my self from needle
stick injuries
:
1-Avoid recapping needles.
2-plan for safe handling and disposal of needles before using them.
3- use devices with safety features.
4-tell your employer about any needle stick hazard you observe .
Sharps container
:
All sharps containers must:
be puncture-resistant, waterproof and leak-proof
have an opening that is wide enough to allow sharps to be dropped into the container by a single hand
operation or from a puncture resistant container used for transporting sharps for disposal
Sharps container _cont
remain upright at all times.
never be overfilled (change container
when three quarters full, or contents to fill line)
be securely sealed with a lid before disposal.
Immediate action after injury
:
1-Taking care of wound immediately: A-Lets wound bleed
B-Clean it with water and soap
C-Dis infect the wound with water and soap followed by 70% alcohol
2-Reporting the accident
3-Immediate action (injured person)
A-Take blood sample immediately and safe it
B-Test blood sample for HBV , HCV and HIV after 1, 3 ,6 ,12 months Immediate action (dealing with the potential source):
-If the source of the blood is known the patient must be asked for permission to sample blood for a HCV and HIV test
If the patient refuses then it must be
assumed the patient is a carrier of the virus.
If the origin of the blood is unknown then any blood present on the needle can be used for a serological examinations.
Strategies exit to eliminate sharps
injuries
:
1. Eliminate or reduce the use of needles and other sharps.
2. Use devices with safety features to isolate sharps.
3. Use safe practices to minimize risk for
How Can Needle Use Be Eliminated or
Reduced
?
1. Use needle-free IV delivery systems.
2. Use alternate routes for medication
delivery and specimen collection when available and safe for patient care.
Safer needle devices
:
Most needle stick injuries result from unsafe needle devices rather than carelessness by healthcare workers .
Safer needle devices have built-in safety control devices, such as those that use a self-sheathing needle, to help prevent
Self Re-sheathing Needles
As seen in this animation, initially the sleeve is located over the barrel of the syringe with the needle exposed for use.
After the device is used, the user slides the
sleeve forward over the needle where it locks in place and provides a guard around the used needle
Winged Steel Needles
As seen in this animation, after placement, the third wing is rotated to flat position
which blunts the needle point before it is removed from the patient.
Blunt-Tipped Blood Drawing Needles
As seen in this animation, after blood is drawn, a push on the collection tube moves the blunt tip needle forward through past the sharp needle point.
Re-sheathing Disposable Scalpels
As seen in this animation, single-use
disposable scalpels have a shield that is advanced forward over the blade after
use, containing and removing the hazard.
Syringe with Retractable Needles
Add on" Safety Feature
As seen in this animation, hinged or sliding shields attached to phlebotomy needles, winged steel needles, and blood gas
needles, act as an "add on" safety feature.
Retracting Finger Prick Lancets
As seen in this animation, this single use lancet retracts automatically after use, containing and removing the hazard.
please
1.
Take precautions while using sharps.
2.
Take precautions during cleanup.
3.
Take precautions during disposal.
finally
Needle stick injury can lead to serious or fetal infections .health care workers who
use or may be expose to needle are at increased risk of needles stick injury all worker who are at risk should take step to
protect themselves from this significant hazard .
