Structure of the Earth
For questions 1-8, identify and label the layers of the earth by composition and physical properties.
Layers By Composition: Layers by Physical Properties:
9. Organize the layers of the earth from least dense to most dense.
Layers by Composition Layers by Physical Properties Least Dense 1.
2.
3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Most Dense
10. Organize the layers of the earth from coolest to hottest.
Layers by Composition Layers by Physical Properties
Coolest 1.
2.
3.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hottest
2.
3.
8. 1.
4. 5.
11. The layer of the earth that is most responsible for earth’s magnetic field is a. Outer core
b. Mantle c. Lithosphere d. Asthenosphere
12. The layer of the earth where convection currents drive the movement of tectonic plates a. Lithosphere
b. Mantle c. Core d. Crust
13. Convection currents are caused by changes in the density of rock in the mantle. What causes the density of these rocks to change?
a. Tephra and lava buildup b. Change in rock temperature c. Seasonal changes on the crust d. Alternating layers of rock
Plate Tectonics 14. The theory of plate tectonics states that
a. Earth was once made of large supercontinents b. The crust is regularly expanding
c. The lithosphere is made of moving plates
d. Curst diverges and converges at plate boundaries
15. The theory of continental drift states that
a. Earth was once made of large supercontinents b. The crust is regularly expanding
c. The lithosphere is made of moving plates
d. Curst diverges and converges at plate boundaries
16. How does fossil evidence support the theory of continental drift?
a. Older fossils were found in lower layers of rock than newer fossils b. Newer fossils were found in lower layers of rock than older fossils c. Fossils of identical organisms were found across several continents d. Fossils of ancient organisms were found under the ocean
17. Tectonic plates are driven by movement of heat in the a. Mantle and asthenosphere
18. Oceanic plates are forced down at subduction zones because they are a. More dense
b. Less dense c. More massive d. Less massive
19. Match the landforms on the left with the correct boundary/plate combination on the right.
Island arcs _______ Mid-ocean ridges _______ Volcanic arcs _______ Rift valley _______ Mountain range _______
A. Continental-oceanic convergence B. Oceanic-oceanic convergence C. Continental-continental convergence D. Oceanic-oceanic divergence
E. Continental-continental divergence
20. What type of plate boundary is shown in the picture below?
a. Oceanic-continental convergent b. Continental-continental convergent c. Continental-continental divergent d. Oceanic-oceanic divergent
21. Which of the following best describes seafloor spreading? a. Destructive
22. Which letter correctly marks where the newest crust is formed?
a. A b. B c. C d. D
23. Which of the following drawings correctly shows the movement of convection currents in the mantle during subduction?
24. What landform will appear at point X?
a. Island arc b. Volcanic arc c. Mid-ocean ridge d. Rift valley
25. What type of boundary exists at points A, B, and C? a. Normal
b. Convergent c. Divergent d. Transform
Earthquakes For 26 through 28, label the focus, fault line, and epicenter.
29. Order the following waves from fastest to slowest a. S-wave, P-wave, Surface wave
b. S-wave, Surface wave, P-wave c. P-wave, Surface wave, S-wave d. P-wave, S-wave, Surface wave
30. Order the following waves from most to least destructive (strongest to weakest) a. Surface wave, P-wave, P-wave
b. Surface wave, S-wave, P-wave c. P-wave, S-wave, Surface wave d. P-wave, Surface wave, S-wave
Use the picture below to answer questions 31 and 32.
31. The wave labeled A is a a. S-wave
b. P-wave c. Surface wave d. Love wave
32. The wave labeled B is a a. S-wave
b. P-wave c. Surface wave d. Love wave 26.
27.
28.
33. Which of the following materials can p-waves travel through? a. ocean water
b. air
c. asphalt roads d. all of the above 34. A fault is ________.
a. a space where volcanoes develop along boundaries b. where stress forces rocks together in the crust c. an area where land movement occurs
d. only where plate boundaries meet
35. The point on the surface directly above an earthquake is known as the ________. a. epicenter
b. focus c. fault d. magnitude
Use the picture below to answer questions 36 and 37.
36. The process illustrated above is known as a. Rectangulation
b. Identification c. Triangulation d. Magnitude
37. Which station will receive seismic waves last? a. Station A
b. Station B c. Station C
d. All at the same time
38. To find the epicenter of an earthquake, how many seismograms do you need? a. One
Volcanoes
39. Which of the following is an example of intraplate volcanism? a. Hotspots
b. Island arcs c. Volcanic arcs d. None of the above
40. Which of the following conditions will make a volcano erupt more violently? a. Higher silicon levels
b. Lower gas levels c. Lower altitude
d. Higher confining pressure
41. Lava from volcano A is more resistant to flow than lava from volcano B. Which of the following best describes lava from volcano A?
a. It is more viscous than lava from volcano B b. It is less viscous than lava from volcano B c. It is equally viscous than lava from volcano B d. It is hotter than lava from volcano B
42. Match the descriptions on the left with the correct volcano type on the right.
i. This volcano is the tallest of all three ________
ii. This volcano is the most explosive of all three________ iii. This volcano is made primarily from lava________
iv. This volcano is made with alternating layers of lava and tephra________ v. This volcano is small but very violent________
vi. This volcano experiences frequent, quiet eruptions________ vii. This volcano is made primarily of pyroclastic material________
A. Composite B. Shield C. Cinder
cone
43. Which of the following best describes cinder cone volcanoes? a. They have long life spans with lots of volcanic activity b. They make the tallest, most symmetrical mountains c. They have very gentle eruptions
1. Crust 2. Core 3. Mantle 4. Lithosphere 5. Asthenosphere 6. Lower Mantle 7. Outer Core 8. Inner Core
9. Least dense to most dense a. Layers by Composition
i. Crust ii. Mantle iii. Core
b. Layers by Physical Properties i. Lithosphere
ii. Asthenosphere iii. Lower Mantle iv. Outer Core
v. Inner core 10. Coolest to hottest
a. Layers by Composition i. Crust
ii. Mantle iii. Core
b. Layers by Physical Properties i. Lithosphere
ii. Asthenosphere iii. Lower Mantle iv. Outer Core
v. Inner core 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. Matching
a. Volcanic Arc b. Island Arc c. Mountain Range d. Mid-ocean Ridges e. Rift Valley
1. Earthquakes typically occur when rocks break or move at a a. Pressure zone
b. Hydrothermal well c. Fault
d. Igneous current
2. ____________ theory states that the Earth’s crust is made of large sections that move over the crust all the time.
a. Plate tectonic b. Continental drive c. Big bang
d. Evolution
3. As depth within the Earth’s interior, how do temperature and density change? a. Temperature and density both increase
b. Temperature and density both decrease c. Temperature increases, density decreases d. Temperature decreases, density increases 4. Where are active volcanoes most likely to be found?
a. Around folded mountains b. Around fault lines
c. At the edge of tectonic plates d. Scattered throughout a plate
5. Which of Earth’s layers experiences convection currents that make tectonic plates move? a. Lower crust
b. Outer core c. Upper mantle d. Inner core
6. Why does oceanic crust subduct beneath continental crust? a. Because oceanic crust is darker
b. Because oceanic crust is heavier
c. Because it is more dense and gravity pulls it down d. None of the above
7. Which statement best describes p-waves and s-waves?
8. Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust is a. Thicker and denser
b. Thicker and less dense c. Thinner and denser d. Thinner and less dense
9. Look at the picture to the right. What type of boundary is the San Andreas Fault most likely to be?
a. Divergent b. Convergent c. Transform d. Reverse
The map of Arizona to the right shows the
triangulation of an earthquake. Three cities (A, B, and C) are shown, along with the radius of each circle. Use the map to answer questions 10 and 11.
10. Which city is likely to receive the first p-waves? a. City A
b. City B c. City C
d. All at the same time
11. Which point on the map shows the location of the earthquake’s epicenter?
a. Point 1 b. Point 2 c. Point 3 d. Point 4
12. Which of the following will produce an island arc?
