Vibration Damping, Control, And Design

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(1)© 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

(2) © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

(3) © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

(4)

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(6) \. AJ!2A. AdQ\dAA \dQ8 p! \2_! _8 2\\_8 bA2Y!d\2!_8 !A gd!\2!_ !d: !A gp!2A8 !d: p g:2\gd !d: b!dJ!2 \dQu pA2\K2 !pp_\2!\gd ! A Jgd: \d b!2Y\dA gg_8 !d\ AY\2_A8 \bp!2 p g2AA8 2\\_ AdQ\dAA \dQ 2 A8 2gd 2\gd b!2Y\dA 8 \d: \!_ p g2AA8 p g:2 z!_\K2!\gd !d: z!_\ 2gd g_8 M\: Mg Ab8 Y\p8 !d: !\ 2 !Ju Y\ )gg^ \ ! 2gd \)\gd g! : YAA AJJg u d \A gJ YAA !d!_\2!_ bAYg:8 p !2\2!_ 2gd\:A !\gd8 :A\Qd \A8 !d: ApA \bAd!_ A2Yd\zA ! A p AAdA: Y gQYg YA )gg^8 !d: \d \A gJ YA \bp_\KA: !d: d!p[Yg _A p AAd!\gd gJ Jg b_!8 :!!8 !d: !:!d2A: YAg 8 YA )gg^ A A ! ! AJ_ AJA Ad2A gg_ !d: !d AAd\A \dJg b!\gd g 2A Jg AdQ\dAA !d: A2Yd\2\!d \d \d: !d: _!)g !g \A8 AA! 2YA 8 \d 2g 8 !d: :Ad \d YA ! A! gJ \) !\gd8 Yg2^8 dg\A8 !d: !2g\2u. _! Ad2A u :A \_! :\g [\d[Y\AJ !d2gA 8 !d!:!. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

(7) 2^dg_A:QbAd. \Y g Ap A b Q !\:A g YA !Yg gJ YA 2Y!pA Jg YA\ !_!)_A !d: Y\QY_ p gJA\gd!_ 2gd \)\gdu !b A Q !AJ_ g \2Y!A_ _!QYA 8 2z\\\gd :\g [dQ\dAA \dQ8 A8 Jg Y\ AdY\!b !d: ppg Y gQYg YA p g]A2u :\g \!_ !d: p g:2\gd !JJ ! A Y!A :gdA !d A2A__Ad ]g) \d QA\dQ Y\ g_bA g \d p \du \d!__8 \Y g _g\dQ_ !2^dg_A:QA YA p!\Ad2A !d: d:A !d:\dQ gJ b J!b\_u. \\ © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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(11) g d!_ gJ dA__\QAd A!_[\bA gb!\gdu A \ ! \__ A__g ! ! dAQ\A A__gd d\A \8 [ A__g8 Ad\g _) \QY A__g ! !b) \:QA d\A \8 A__g8 !d: ! \__!b A__gu AA! 2Y !d: :AA_gpbAd !2\\\A gJ gJAg :A \_! ! A p \b! \_ 2AdA A: \d YA ! A! gJ p g2A !gb!\gd8 g)g\28 bA2Y! gd\28 \dA__\QAd 2gd g_8 !d: Adg !d: !2!g ! p \d2\p!_ \dA\Q!g 8 \Y 2!Y Jd:\dQ gJ !)g > b\__\gdu. \ © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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(18) !p!d. !d:!__ u AA A 2A d\A \ !2gd8 Ag Q\!. u !b !b! !AÂ ! _A bp r!d!:!s8 d2u d!)8 \\Y g_b)\!8 !d!:!. YA d\A \ gJ \\Y g_b)\! !d2gA 8 \\Y g_b)\!8 !d!:!. !\gd!_ !gY\dQ \ d\A \ gJ 2\Ad2A !d: A2Ydg_gQ !gY\dQ8 !\!d. uu !dQ. ) !Y\b b!\_!:AY. \gY\ !Q!^ !.

(19) uu !. d\A \ gJ d! \g Y!!8 d! \g8 !d!:!. !\_! A2Yd\2!_ AA! 2Y d\A g^g[g8

(20) !p!d. !b^!dQ d\A \ !\pA\8 !\!d. !\gd!_ !\!d d\A \ !\pA\8 !\!d. \ © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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(32) Ab!. Sje7. \bp_A bg:A_ Y! !\KA z!\gd jue8 Jg YA 2!A gJ d h \ Q\Ad ) ( :< Sjj7 A h < | K : Y\2Y \ Az\!_Ad g \dQ ! \2gA_!\2 p! !bAA 8 I Y! :ApAd: gd YA J AzAd2 gJ bg\gd \d ( K z!\gd ju !22g :\dQ g I h gd\:A YA 2!A gJ Y! bgd\2 bg\gd ! J AzAd2 K \Y YA b!A \!_ !\d Q\Ad ) < h < 2g K. Sjjj7. ( \d K h < 2g K | < ( 2g K | = A h < 2g K r < . Sjj7. YAd8 z!\gd juj )A2gbA. gA Y! YA b!A \!_ A Y! g 2gbpgdAd8 ! Q\Ad ) YA \QY[Y!d: \:A gJ z!\gd juju YA K 2gbpgdAd 2g Apgd: g YA _\dA! A_!\2 )AY!\g gJ ! b!A \!_ !d: \ \d pY!A \Y YA !\du YA A2gd: 2gbpgdAd gJ A8 Y\2Y 2g Apgd: g YA A\2 :!bp\dQ8 \ e? g gJ pY!Au rY\ A 2gbpgdAd _A!: YA !\d ) e?us 2gdAd\Ad b!YAb!\2!_ Ap AAd!\gd \ pg\)_A8 ) \dQ YA !_ 2gbp_A Jg b gJ YA ApgdA !22g :\dQ g < h < A]K. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Sjj7.

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(38) \) !\gd !bp\dQ. j[. ju. )g: bg\dQ \d ! M\: bA:\bu. YA A_\dQ : !Q Jg 2A pA d\ ! A! gJ p g]A2\gd gd YA E p_!dA \ :AdgA: ) J: Y\ A\!d2A \ YA 2!A gJ bA2Y!d\2!_ AdA Q :\\p!\gd \d M\: :!bp\dQu \ !__ Ap AA: ! J: h j 2: ?zX QdSXz7. Sjj7. \d Y\2Y zX h KzS 7 K \ YA A_!\A A_g2\u YA : !Q 2gAJK2\Ad8 2: \ ! Jd2\gd gJ YA Adg_: db)A !d: YA QAgbA gJ YA juO A2Y!d\2 gJ M\: :!bp\dQu 2 !_ 2 g A2\gdu dA :!bp\dQ AJJA2 \ QAdA !A: ) \2g : !Q p g:2A: ) YA )gd:! _!A AJJA2 ! YA M\: E 2 A \dA J!2A8 !d: ) p A A : !Q p g:2A: ) YA )_Ad AJJA2 A_\dQ J gb Mg Ap! !\gd ! YA !Âu YA g AJJA2 ! A \__ !A: \d \Q A juOu _\: :Ad\ \ ? g M\: :!bp\dQ8 YA :!bp\dQ 2!p!2\ pA d\ g_bA !g2\!A: \Y YA 2gdKQ !\gd Ygd \d \Q A ju \ Q\Ad ) T T J: : : :zS 7 Sj7 :J h z. 8. \d Y\2Y8 !d: ! A 2 g[A2\gd!_ :\bAd\gd gJ YA A_AbAd \d YA !d: [:\ A2\gd8 ApA2\A_8 !d: z \ ! dg b!_\\dQ !bp_\:A p! !bAA Jg A_!\A :\p_!2AbAdu. !bp_A ju gd\:A ! )A!b gJ _AdQY !d: d\Jg b A2!dQ_! 2 g A2\gd Y! \ d:A Qg\dQ !dA A \) !\gd \d ! !\gd! M\:u AA b\dA !d Ap A\gd Jg YA :!bp\dQ 2!p!2\ pA d\ g_bA Jg Y\ M\: E 2 A \dA !2\gdu g_\gd ppgA Y! YA )A!b !\ \ !_gdQ YA [:\ A2\gd !d: YA !dA A bg\gd \ \d YA [:\ A2\gdu YA A \ dg ! \!\gd \d YA [:\ A2\gd8 !d: YAd2A8 YA _AdQY p! !bAA \d Y\ :\ A2\gd 2!d2A_ gu T J: : :zS 7 :J h z g T T J: zX S 7: : :J h Sj7 z. 8. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

(39) j[B. \) !\gd !bp\dQ8 gd g_8 !d: A\Qd. \d Y\2Y \ YA pA \g: gJ YA g2\__!\gdu b\dQ 2gd!d 2: A )\A z!\gd juj \dg z!\gd ju7 j 2: ? T T 'Xz' : : SjO7 :J h z g A!:[A2\A: Y! bgd\2 \) !\gd ! J AzAd2 K !d: Y!pA Jd2\gd S7 rg Jg J AA[bg:!_ \) !\gd ! d! !_ J AzAd2 K !d: bg:A Y!pA S7s A Y!A zS 7 h zb! S7 \d K. SjL7. d Y\ 2!A8 \Y YA 2Y!dQA gJ ! \!)_A J h K z!\gd juO )A2gbA :J h 2: ?. T= zb! T 'S7' : K 2gJ :J z . g T O :J h 2: ?zb! K . . 'S7' : z. gAu YA \dAQ !\gd \dA !_ gJ h g )A2gbA J h g = g Jg \bA Y! J gb J h g = J YA dg b!_\\dQ p! !bAA \ :AKdA: ! T j z h zb! 'S7' : YAd8 A QA :J h. O 2 ?z K : b!. Sj7. AJ_ 2_!\K2!\gd gJ :!bp\dQ \ Q\Ad \d g juju. g juj pA gJ !bp\dQ. \Q\d. dA d!_ :!bp\dQ. !A \!_ p gpA \A. 2 !_ :!bp\dQ. 2 !_ ]g\d !d: \dA J!2A. p\2!_ gd\\A A_!\gd \2gA_!\2. :< A h < | I :. A A\2 ( :< A h < | K : 2 !_ :AJg b!\gd J h 2'z' QdSXz7 g_gb) J h 2 QdSXz7 AdA !_ \dA J!2A k J J h J) S7 QdS7. _\: :!bp\dQ. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. _\:E 2 A \dA !2\gd. J: h j 2: ?zX QdSXz7. Jg h Jg L .

(40) \) !\gd !bp\dQ. ju. j[e. Ap AAd!\gd gJ !bp\dQ \d \) !\gd d!_\. \ dg p !2\2!_ g \d2g pg !A :A!\_A: b\2 g2gp\2 Ap AAd!\gd gJ :!bp\dQ \d YA :d!b\2 !d!_\ gJ Abu dA!:8 \bp_\KA: bg:A_ gJ :!bp\dQ Y! ! A Ap AAd!\A gJ ! \g pA gJ AdA Q :\\p!\gd ! A p\2!__ A:u gd\:A ! QAdA !_ d[:AQ AA[gJ[J AA:gb bA2Y!d\2!_ Abu bg\gd 2!d )A Ap AAdA: ) YA A2g gJ d QAdA !_\A: 2gg :\d!A8 \ Ap AAd\dQ YA \d:ApAd:Ad bg\gd gJ YA \dA \! A_AbAdu g b!__ :\p_!2AbAd8 _\dA! p \dQ A_AbAd 2!d )A !bA:u YA 2g Apgd:\dQ Az!\gd gJ bg\gd b! )A Ap AA: \d YA A2g b! \ Jg b | : | h JS7. Sj7. \d Y\2Y \ YA b! r\dA \!s b! \ !d: \ YA \JJdA b! \u YA Jg 2\dQ[Jd2\gd A2g \ JS7 YA :!bp\dQ Jg 2A A2g :S X 7 \ QAdA !__ ! dgd_\dA! Jd2\gd gJ !d: X YA pA gJ :!bp\dQ A: \d YA Ab bg:A_ b! )A Ap AAdA: ) YA d! A gJ : Y! \ Abp_gA: \d YA Ab Az!\gdu YA ! \g :!bp\dQ bg:A_ Y! b! )A A:8 ! :\2A: \d YA p A\g A2\gd8 ! A _\A: \d !)_A juju d_ YA _\dA! \2g :!bp\dQ A b Q\Ad \d !)_A juj \ !bAd!)_A g \bp_\KA: b!YAb!\2!_ !d!_\u d \bp_\KA: :d!b\2 bg:A_8 gYA pA gJ :!bp\dQ A b ! A !__ Ap_!2A: ) !d Az\!_Ad \2g :!bp\dQ A bu z\!_Ad \2g :!bp\dQ \ 2YgAd g Y! \ AdA Q :\\p!\gd pA 22_A gJ g2\__!\gd \ Az!_ g Y! Jg YA g \Q\d!_ :!bp\dQu YA A_\dQ Az!\gd gJ bg\gd ! A Ap AA: ) | X | h JS7. SjB7. d bg:!_ !d!_\ gJ \) !g Ab8 YA bg 2gbbgd_ A: bg:A_ \ p gpg \gd!_ :!bp\dQ8 YA A YA :!bp\dQ b! \ !\KA h 2b | 2^ . Sje7. YA K A b gd YA \QY[Y!d: \:A gJ z!\gd jue \ ^dgd ! YA \dA \!_ :!bp\dQ b! \u YA 2g Apgd:\dQ :!bp\dQ Jg 2A gd A!2Y 2gd2Ad !A: b! \ p gpg \gd!_ g \ bgbAdbu Ap AAd YA AdA Q _g !g2\!A: \Y ! 2Y!dQA \d bgbAdb rJg A!bp_A8 : \dQ !d \bp!2su YA A2gd: A b \ ^dgd ! YA \JJdA :!bp\dQ b! \u YA 2g Apgd:\dQ :!bp\dQ Jg 2A \ p gpg \gd!_ g YA !A gJ 2Y!dQA gJ YA _g2!_ :AJg b!\gd Jg 2A ! ]g\d dA! YA 2gd2Ad !A: b! A_AbAdu gdAzAd_8 \ Ap AAd ! \bp_\KA: Jg b gJ _\dA! 2 !_ :!bp\dQu J :!bp\dQ \ gJ YA p gpg \gd!_ pA8 \ Jg__g Y! YA :!bpA: bg\gd 2!d )A d2gp_A: \dg \d:\\:!_ bg:Au Y\ bA!d Y!8 \J YA :!bp\dQ bg:A_ \ gJ YA p gpg \gd!_ pA8 YA :!bpA: Ab r! A__ ! YA d:!bpA: Abs \__ pgA A!_ bg:Au juj z!\gd. gbA gbbgd !bp\dQ g:A_ A: \d d!b\2 Ab. !bp\dQ pA \2g. A A\2 2 !_ 2 !_ g_gb) _\:. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. \bp_\KA: g:A_ :\ 3 X] ] 2\] 3 j 2 X ] K \] ] 3 ] 7 ] 2\] '] ' QdSX 3 ] 7 ] 2\] QdSX 3 ] 'X] ] 2\] 'X.

(41) j[j. juuj. \) !\gd !bp\dQ8 gd g_8 !d: A\Qd. z\!_Ad \2g !bp\dQ. gd\:A ! _\dA! 8 \dQ_A[g Ab \Y \2g :!bp\dQ8 )]A2A: g !d AA d!_ A2\!\gdu YA Az!\gd gJ bg\gd8 Jg ! d\ b!8 \ Q\Ad ) | OKd X | Kd h Kd S7. Sj7. J YA A2\!\gd Jg 2A \ Y! bgd\28 \Y J AzAd2 K A Y!A S7 h 2g K. Sjj7. YAd8 YA ApgdA gJ YA Ab ! A!: !A \ Q\Ad ) h 2gSK | *7. Sj7. \d Y\2Y YA ApgdA !bp_\:A \ h . Kd SKd r K 7 | OO Kd K. j . Sj7. !d: YA ApgdA pY!A _A!: \. * h r!drj. OKd K SKd r K 7. SjO7. YA AdA Q :\\p!\gd r\uAu8 :!bp\dQ 2!p!2\s8 8 pA d\ b! \d gdA 22_A \ Q\Ad ) YA dA g ^ :gdA ) YA :!bp\dQ Jg 2A8 J: S Y8 } TS=r*7K h J: : h J: X : SjL7 r* K. \d2A YA \2g :!bp\dQ Jg 2A8 dg b!_\A: \Y ApA2 g b! rAA z!\gd jus8 \ Q\Ad ) J: h OKd X. Sj7. YA :!bp\dQ 2!p!2\8 Jg \2g :!bp\dQ8 2!d )A g)!\dA: ! h OKd. T= K . X :. Sj7. \d!__8 \dQ z!\gd ju \d z!\gd ju A QA h = Kd KO. SjB7. g !d QAdA !_ pA gJ :!bp\dQ rAA !)_A jujs8 YA Az!\gd gJ bg\gd )A2gbA | :S X 7 | Kd h Kd S7. Sje7. YA AdA Q :\\p!\gd \d gdA 22_A rz!\gd juLs \ Q\Ad ) TS=r*7 K h. r* K. :S X 7X :. SjO7. ! \g :!bp\dQ Jg 2A Ap A\gd8 :S X 7 dg b!_\A: \Y ApA2 g b!8 ! A Q\Ad \d !)_A juu g M\: :!bp\dQ8 Jg A!bp_A8 YA :!bp\dQ 2!p!2\ \ TS=r*7 K J h. r* K. 2'X'X :. SjOj7. )\\dQ z!\gd ju \d z!\gd juOj Jg A!:8 Y! bgd\2 bg\gd A g)!\d J h B 2 K. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. SjO7.

(42) \) !\gd !bp\dQ ju. j[jj. z\!_Ad !bp\dQ !\g p A\gd Jg gbA gbbgd pA gJ !bp\dQ. !bp\dQ pA. z\!_Ad !bp\dQ !\g8 OAz. !bp\dQ g 2A8 :S X 7 pA d\ ! OKd X 2 X K. \2g. A A\2 2 !_. 2'' QdSX7. 2 !_ g_gb). 2 QdSX7. _\:. 2'X'X. O 2 Kd K 2 =Kd K 2 = Kd K O K 2 = Kd . 2gbp! \dQ z!\gd juO \Y z!\gd juB8 YA Az\!_Ad :!bp\dQ !\g Jg M\: :!bp\dQ \ g)!\dA: ! O K 2 OJ h SjO7 = Kd \d Y\2Y \ YA !bp_\:A gJ A!:[!A \) !\gd8 ! Q\Ad ) z!\gd juu g YA gYA pA gJ :!bp\dQ _\A: \d !)_A juj8 Ap A\gd Jg YA Az\!_Ad :!bp\dQ !\g 2!d )A g)!\dA: \d ! \b\_! b!ddA u YA 2g Apgd:\dQ Az\!_Ad :!bp\dQ !\g Ap A\gd ! A Q\Ad \d !)_A juu Yg_: )A dgA: Y!8 Jg dgd\2g :!bp\dQ pA8 O \ QAdA !__ ! Jd2\gd gJ YA J AzAd2 gJ g2\__!\gd8 K !d: YA !bp_\:A gJ A2\!\gd8 Yg_: )A dgA: Y! YA Ap A\gd Q\Ad \d !)_A ju ! A :A \A: !b\dQ Y! bgd\2 A2\!\gdu dQ\dAA \dQ ]:QbAd Yg_: )A AA 2\A: YAd Abp_g\dQ YAA Ap A\gd Jg dgdY! bgd\2 A2\!\gdu g b_\[g Ab Y! \d2g pg !A p gpg \gd!_ :!bp\dQ8 YA Az!\gd gJ bg\gd 2!d )A !dJg bA: \dg ! A gJ gdA[g Az!\gd rbg:!_ Az!\gds gJ YA pA Q\Ad \d z!\gd juu d Y\ 2!A8 YA :!bp\dQ !\g !d: d! !_ J AzAd2 2g Apgd: g YA ApA2\A bg:!_ !_A !d:8 \d p! \2_! 8 K h Kd . juu. gbp_A \JJdA. gd\:A ! _\dA! p \dQ gJ \JJdA ^ 2gddA2A: \d p! !__A_ \Y ! _\dA! \2g :!bpA gJ :!bp\dQ 2gd!d 2 ! Ygd \d \Q A juLr!su ppgA Y! ! Jg 2A8 J \ !pp_\A: g YA Ab8 bg\dQ \ Y gQY :\!d2A J gb YA A_!A: pg\\gd gJ YA p \dQu YAd A Y!A J h ^ | 2X. SjOO7. Ý . °. v r Ý ³ VÝ >®. V. ppgA Y! YA bg\gd \ Y! bgd\28 ! Q\Ad ) h 2g K. \ 2_A! Y! YA p \dQ Jg 2A8 ^ \ \d pY!A \Y YA :\p_!2AbAd8 ) YA :!bp\dQ Jg 2A8 2X Y! ! e? pY!A _A!: \Y ApA2 g YA :\p_!2AbAdu Y\ \ )A2!A YA A_g2\8 X h r K \d K h K 2gSK | = 7 Y! ! e? pY!A _A!: \Y ApA2 g u pA2\K2!__8 A Y!A = SjO7 J h ^ 2g K | 2 K 2g K | . © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Ý r Ý VÃ · Ì. SjOL7 . ° v r Ý ³ · Ý L®. . juL p \dQ A_AbAd \d p! !__A_ \Y r!s ! \2g :!bpA !d: r)s ! YA A\2 :!bpA u.

(43) j[j. \) !\gd !bp\dQ8 gd g_8 !d: A\Qd. Y\ !bA J!2 b! )A Ap AAdA: ) \dQ 2gbp_A db)A 8 YA A YA \d[pY!A 2gbpgdAd \ 2gd\:A A: ! YA A!_ p! !d: YA e? pY!A _A!: 2gbpgdAd \ 2gd\:A A: ! YA \b!Q\d! p! \Y A!2Y 2gbpgdAd g2\__!\dQ ! YA !bA J AzAd2 K YAd8 A 2!d \A z!\gd juO \d YA Az\!_Ad Jg b J h ^ | ]K2. SjO7. Y\ \ A!2_ Y! A QA ) ! \dQ \Y YA 2gbp_A Ap AAd!\gd gJ YA :\p_!2AbAd h A]K. SjOB7. !d: )\\dQ \ \d z!\gd juOOu A dgA Y! z!\gd juO b! )A \Ad ! J h Î . SjOe7. Î h ^ | ]K2. SjL7. YA A Î \ ! 2gbp_A \JJdA8 Q\Ad ). _A! _8 YA Ab \A_J !d: \ g 2gbpgdAd rp \dQ !d: :!bpA s ! A A!_u YA\ \d:\\:!_ Jg 2A ! A !_g A!_u YA 2gbp_A \JJdA \ \bp_ ! b!YAb!\2!_ Ap AAd!\gd gJ YA g Jg 2A 2gbpgdAd rp \dQ Jg 2A !d: :!bp\dQ Jg 2As8 Y\2Y ! A e? g gJ pY!A8 YAd )]A2A: g Y! bgd\2 bg\gdu Jg__g Y! YA _\dA! :!bpA b! )A b!YAb!\2!__ Ap AAdA: ) !d \b!Q\d! \JJdAu d YA 2!A gJ \2g :!bp\dQ Y\ \b!Q\d! \JJdA r!d: YAd2A8 YA :!bp\dQ Jg 2A b!Qd\:As \d2 A!A _\dA! _ \Y YA J AzAd28 K gJ YA Y! bgd\2 bg\gdu YA 2gd2Ap gJ 2gbp_A \JJdA YAd :A!_\dQ \Y :\2 AA :!bpA \ !d!_gQg g YA A gJ 2gbp_A A_!\2 bg:_ \d b!A \!_ :!bp\dQ8 ! :\2A: A! _\A \d Y\ 2Y!pA u A Y!A dgA: Y!8 Jg YA A\2 :!bp\dQ8 YA :!bp\dQ Jg 2A rg :!bp\dQ As \ \d:ApAd:Ad gJ YA J AzAd2 \d Y! bgd\2 bg\gdu Jg__g Y! ! YA A\2 :!bpA b! )A Ap AAdA: ) !d Az\!_Ad :!bp\dQ 2gd!d gJ 2h. Y K. SjLj7. Y\2Y \ !_\: Jg ! Y! bgd\2 bg\gd rAuQu8 bg:!_ bg\gd g Jg 2A: bg\gds gJ J AzAd2 K Y\ \!\gd \ Ygd \d \Q A juLr)su 2!d )A AAd Y! YA 2g Apgd:\dQ 2gbp_A \JJdA \ Î h ^ | ]Y. SjL7. !bp_A ju MA\)_A Ab 2gd\ gJ ! b!8 b !!2YA: g YA YA A\2 :!bpA !d: p \dQ 2gb)\d!\gd Ygd \d \Q A juLr)su Y! \ YA J AzAd2 ApgdA Jd2\gd gJ YA Ab A_!\dQ !d A2\!\gd Jg 2A8 J !pp_\A: g YA b! !d: YA A_\dQ :\p_!2AbAd ApgdA8 { )!\d YA Agd!d J AzAd2 gJ YA Abu gbp! A YA A_ \Y YA 2!A Jg \2g :!bp\dQu. g_\gd g ! Y! bgd\2 bg\gd gJ J AzAd2 K YA Az!\gd gJ bg\gd gJ YA Ab \ b |. Y X | ^ h J K. SjL7. \Y ! Jg 2\dQ A2\!\gd gJ J h J A]K !d: YA A_\dQ A!:[!A ApgdA8 h A]K YA A Y! ! pY!A :\JJA Ad2A r\uAu8 \ \ ! 2gbp_A Jd2\gds \Y ApA2 g J YAd8 \d YA J AzAd2 :gb!\d8 )\\dQ YA Y! bgd\2 ApgdA h A]K \dg z!\gd juL A QA Y r K b | ]K | ^ h J K. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

(44) \) !\gd !bp\dQ. j[j. A_\dQ \d YA J AzAd2 !dJA Jd2\gd j h J g^ r K b | ]Y. SjLO7. gA Y!8 ! !_8 Y\ A_ \ g)!\dA: \bp_ ) )\\dQ ]K Jg : : YA b!Qd\:A gJ !dJA Jd2\gd \ ! ! b!\bb ! Agd!d2Au Y\ 2g Apgd: g ! b\d\bb !_A gJ pSK7 h S^ r K b7 | Y J A A :p :K h A QA8 S^ r K b7SrK7 h . Ad2A8 YA Agd!d J AzAd2 2g Apgd: g YA gg gJ ^ r K b h Y\ Q\A YA Agd!d J AzAd2. vWWWW ^ K h b. SjLL7. gA Y!8 \d YA 2!A gJ YA A\2 :!bp\dQ8 YA Agd!d J AzAd2 \ Az!_ g YA d:!bpA: d! !_ J AzAd28 Kd !d:8 d_\Â \d YA 2!A gJ \2g :!bp\dQ8 :gA dg :ApAd: gd YA _AA_ gJ :!bp\dQ \A_Ju g 2gdAd\Ad2A 2gd\:A YA Ab ApgdA ! YA p \dQ Jg 2A J h ^. SjL7. YAd8 ! dg b!_\A: !dJA Jd2\gd \ g)!\dA:8 ! Q\Ad ) J j h S]K7 h b Y J j r K | ] ^ ^. SjL7. g 8 J j h gj r | ] J. SjLB7. YA A h. K Kd. !d:. h. Y ^. SjLe7. Y\2Y ! A YA dg b!_\A: J AzAd2 !d: YA dg b!_\A: YA A\2 :!bp\dQ8 ApA2\A_u YA b!Qd\:A gJ YA !dJA Jd2\gd \ J j Sj7 h jWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW J Sj r 7 | !d: YA pY!A !dQ_A rpY!A _A!:s \ ZJ J h r!drj. Sj r 7. Sjj7. YAA A_ ! A Â2YA: \d \Q A juu. juu. g !2g . A :AKdA YA :!bp\dQ 2!p!2\ gJ ! :A\2A r:!bpA s ! YA AdA Q :\\p!A: \d ! 2gbp_AA 22_A gJ bg\gd pA2\K2!__ } Sj7 h J: :. © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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