Final exam review Fall 2015 Ch 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10.
Chapter 1 1. Science- Example:
2. Observation—
Example:
3. Data- Example:
4. Inference-
Example:
5. Hypothesis
Example:
6. Spontaneous generation
Example:
7. Controlled Experiment
Example:
8. Manipulated Variable
Example:
9. Responding Variable Example:
10. Theory Example:
11. Biology Example:
12. Cell
Example:
13. Homeostasis
Example:
14. Sexual Reproduction Example:
15. Metabolism
Example:
16. Stimulus Example:
17. List the characteristics of living things.
Chapter 3 Key Concepts 3-1
•What different levels of organization do ecologists study?
•Where does the energy for life processes come from?
3-2
•How does energy flow through living systems?
•How efficient is the transfer of energy among organisms in an ecosystem?
3-3
How does matter move among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem?
How are ntrients important in living systems?
Vocabulary:
ecology biosphere species populations
community ecosystem biome autotroph producer photosynthesis chemosynthesis heterotroph consumer herbivore carnivore omnivore
detritovore decomposer food chain food web trophic level ecological pyramids biomass
14.What does a food web link together? ________________________________________________
15.What is a trophic level? ___________________________________________________________
16.In a food web, what organisms make up the first trophic level? __________________________
17.What does a consumer in a food chain depend on for energy? ____________________________
Ecological Pyramids (pages 72-73)
18. What is an ecological pyramid? _________________________________________________
19. Why is it that only part of the energy stored in one trophic level is passed on to the
next level? __________________________________________________________________
Chapter 4
Key concepts 4-1
How does the greenhouse effect maintain the biosphere’s temperature range?
What are earth’s three main climate zones?
4-2
How do biotic and abiotic influence an ecosystem?
What interactions occur with in communities?
What is ecological succession?
4-3
What are the unique characteristics of the world’s biomes?
4-4
What are the main factors that govern aquatic ecosystems?
What are the two types of freshwater ecosystems?
What are the characteristics of the different marine zones?
Vocabulary
Weather Climate
Greenhouse effect Polar zone
Temperate zone Tropical zone Biotic
Abiotic
Habitat Niche Resource
Competitive exclusion principle Predation
Symbiosis Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism
Ecological succession Primary succession Pioneer species Secondary succession Biome
Tolerance Microclimate Canopy Understory
Deciduous Coniferous Humus Taiga Permafrost plankton phytoplankton zooplankton photic zone aphotic zone
Chapter 7
Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
Diagram I Diagram II
Figure 1
26. Comparing and Contrasting Look at Figure 1. What is the name of structure G in Diagram I?
27. Comparing and Contrasting Look at Figure 1. What is the name of structure M in Diagram
II?
28. Interpreting Graphics Look at Diagram II of Figure 1. What is the structure labeled P, and
what is its function?
29. Comparing and Contrasting In Diagram II, what is the structure labeled O? Why is there no
corresponding structure in Diagram I?
30. Interpreting Graphics Do the diagrams in Figure 1 represent eukaryotes or prokaryotes?
How can you tell?
31. Identify each of the structures labeled in each of the diagrams.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
1. Compare and contrast osmosis and diffusion.
2. Define:
Passive transport Hypertonic solution Hypotonic solution Isotonic solution Active transport Phagocytosis
o What happens to a cell placed an hypertonic solution?
o What happens to a cell placed an hypotonic solution?
Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. Compare and contrast active and passive transport.
32. Why do hospitals treat people who are dehydrated with an IV of saline solution instead of pure water?
Chapter 10 Cell Division.
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble a.dividing.
b. producing daughter cells.
c. storing needed materials and waste products.
d. moving needed materials in and waste products out.
_____ 2. Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
a.The cell’s volume increases.
b. It becomes more difficult for the cell to get get rid of wastes.
c. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.
d. It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
_____ 3. A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell—a fertilized egg with a complete set of chromosomes. This cell divides to become two cells, then four cells, eight cells, and so on. Which of the following statements best describes what happens during this process?
a.Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set.
b. Chromosomes are divided evenly during cell division so that each new daughter cell has an equal share of the original set.
c. Chromosomes are stored in the original cell to direct the division of all daughter cells, which do not have their own chromosomes.
d. Chromosomes are randomly distributed during cell division so that some new cells have partial sets while others have complete sets.
_____ 4. During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen?
a. G1 phase c. M phase
b. G2 phase d. S phase
_____ 5. Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
a.Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases.
b. DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
c. The M phase is usually the longest phase.
d. Telophase is part of the M phase.
_____ 6. The structure labeled A in Figure 10–1 is called the a. centromere. c. sister chromatid.
b.centriole. d.spindle
_____ 7. The structures labeled B in Figure 10–1 are called
a.centromeres. c.sister chromatids.
b.centrioles. d.spindles.
_____ 8. During which phase(s) of mitosis are structures like the one shown in Figure 10–1 visible?
a.anaphase only
b. prophase, metaphase, and anaphase c. metaphase only
d. anaphase and interphase
_____ 9. One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
a.centrioles. c.a cell plate.
b.centromeres. d.chromatin.
_____ 10. Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?
a.The cells lack cyclin.
b. The petri dish inhibits cell growth.
c. Contact with other cells stops cell growth.
d. Most cells grown in petri dishes have a defective p53.
_____ 11. In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
a.centrioles. c.spindle fibers.
b.cyclins. d.the nuclear envelope.
_____ 12. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
a.size. c.growth rate.
b.spindle fibers. d.surface area.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. During reproduction, cells can produce genetically different offspring, whereas during reproduction, cells produce genetically identical off spring.
17. The number of sister chromatids in a human body cell that is entering cell division is .
18. Together, the G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase are called .
26. How are metaphase and anaphase different?
Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
27. Infer What is the chromosome number of the cell shown in Figure 10–4?
28. Infer Identify the structures labeled X and Y in Figure 10–4.
29. Apply Concepts List the correct order for the diagrams in Figure 10–4.
Limits to Cell Growth (pages 241-243)
1. What are two reasons why cells divide rather than continue to grow indefinitely?
Chromosomes (pages 244-245)
1. In eukaryotic cells, what are the two main stages of cell division? _______________________
2. When chromosomes become visible at the beginning of cell division, what does each
chromosome consist of?_________________________________________________________
3. Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the
The Cell Cycle (page 245)
4. The period of growth in between cell divisions is called
5. What is the cell cycle? ____________________________________________________________
Figure 10–4
6. Complete the diagram of the cell cycle by writing the names of each of the four phases.
7. The division of the cell nucleus during the M phase of the cell cycle is called
Events of the Cell Cycle (page 245)
8. Interphase is divided into what three phases?
a. _________________b. __________________c. ________________
9. What happens during the G1 phase? ______________________________________________
10. What happens during the S phase? ______________________________________________
11. What happens during the G2 phase? ______________________________________________
Mitosis (pages 246-248)
12. What are the four phases of mitosis?
a. ____________________ c. ___________________
b. ___________________ d. ___________________
13. What are the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope at the beginning of prophase?
14. What is the spindle? _____________________________________________________________
Match the description of the event with the phase of mitosis it is in. Each phase may be used more than once.
Event a. Prophase
b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase 15. The chromosomes move until they form two
groups near the poles of the spindle.
16. The chromosomes become visible.The centrioles take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.
17. A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus.
18. The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Phase
19. Identify each of the four phases of mitosis pictured below.
Cytokinesis (page 248) 20. What is cytokinesis?
21. How does cytokinesis occur in most animal cells? ______________________________________
22. What forms midway between the divided nucleus during cytokinesis in plant cells?
Controls on Cell Division (page 250)
1. What happens to the cells at the edges of an injury when a cut in the skin or a break in a bone occurs?
2. What happens to the rapidly dividing cells when the healing process nears completion?
Uncontrolled Cell Growth (page 252) 6. What is cancer?
a. c.
b. d.
7. Complete the flowchart about cancer.
Cancer cells don’t respond to signals that regulate
Cancer cells form masses of cells called
Cancer cells break loose and spread
8 Photosynthesis
1. What type of cells contains chloroplasts?
2. What is the energy autotrophs use to make their own food?
3. The food making process is called ___________________.
4. Where are most photosynthetic cells in plants found
Answer: Photosynthetic cells found mainly in the leaves may have thousands of chloroplasts.
5. The food making process is called ___________________.
6. What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?
7. What simple sugar is produced?
8. What gas is USED? ________________ RELEASED? ________
9. What pigment is found inside a thylakoid? What color will it 10. A_____________ pigments. What colors are these be?
11. Other pigments that trap sunlight are called pigments?
Chapter 12 : DNA
What is DNA?
What is the structure of DNA?
How Does DNA replicate?
What is a gene?
