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Gender Differences in Academic Performance: The Role of Personality Traits

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Pages: 127-142 127-142 :ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺻ

Abstract

Introduction: The aims of this research were to examine the role of gender differences on personality traits, to explore the indirect effect of gender on academic performance by personality traits and to study the direct effect of personality traits on academic performance.

Methods: A sample of 419 students (166 male and 253 female) completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI). In order to examine the role of gender differences on personality traits and in order to study the indirect effect of gender on academic performance by personality traits and the direct effect of personality traits on academic performance from Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and path analysis was used, respectively.

Results: The MANOVA yielded a significant main effect of gender on personality traits. Using the path analysis, results showed that the indirect and total effects of exogenous variable (gender) on academic performance only by conscientiousness and neuroticism factors were significant. The direct effect of personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, neuroticism, and agreeableness) on academic performance was significant.

Conclusion: The findings of this research emphasize the mediating role of conscientiousness and neuroticism factors in the relationship between gender and academic performance. Also, these findings show that personality traits have independent and incremental effects on academic outcomes, even after controlling for traditional predictors of those outcomes such as IQ. Implications of these findings emphasizing the correlates of personality traits for improving academic performance are discussed.

Key words: Personality Traits, Gender Differences, Academic Achievement, Five Factor Model

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﺮﺑﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﺶﻘﻧﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﻑﺪﻫﺎﺑﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ :ﻪـﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘ ﺮﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ .ﺪﺷﺍﺮﺟﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ (ﺮــﺘﺧﺩ 253 ﻭﺮــﺴﭘ 166) ﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩ 419 :ﺵﻭﺭ ﺞﻨﭘﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﻞــﻣﺎﻛﺍﺭ (BFI) ﻥﺍﻭﺭ،ﺵﺮــﻳﺬﭘ،ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮــﺑ) ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋ (MANOVA)ﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺯﺍ (ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ،ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑﻭ ﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ .ﺪﺷﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺮﻴﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻲــﻠﺻﺍﺮﺛﺍﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲــﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ :ﺎـﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻭﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧﺰﻴﻧﺮﻴﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧﺍﺭﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺎﻬﻨﺗ (ﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ) ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﻛﺮﺛﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻭﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺍﻭﺭ،ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ،ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ) ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘ .ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑ (ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ،ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺮﮔﻲﺠﻧﺎﻴﻣﺶﻘﻧﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ :ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻭﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﺭﺩﺍﺭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻭﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﺭﺍﺮــﻗﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺩﺭﻮﻣﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍﺎﺑﻮﺴﻤﻫﺮﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺘﻨــﺳﻱﺎﻫﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲــﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛﺯﺍﺲــﭘﻲــﺘﺣـ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﻱﺍﻩﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍﻭﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍـﻲــﺷﻮﻫﻩﺮﻬﺑﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺧﺮﺑﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺎــﺑﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺕﺎﺤﻳﻮﻠﺗ .ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪــﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫﺯﺍ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔﻲﻣﺭﺍﺮﻗﺚﺤﺑﺩﺭﻮﻣﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ،ﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ :ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛﻱﺎـﻫﻩژﺍﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ

ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺶﻘﻧ :ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

Gender Differences in Academic Performance:

The Role of Personality Traits

Shokri O. M.Sc., Daneshvar Pour, Z. M.Sc. Askari, A. M.Sc.

،*ﺭﻮﭘﺭﻮﺸﻧﺍﺩﻩﺮﻫﺯ ،"ﻱﺮﻜﺷﺪﻴﻣﺍ

**ﻱﺮﻜﺴﻋﻢﻈﻋﺍ

#Corresponding author: Tarbiat Moallem

University, Tehran, I.R. IRAN.

ﻢﻠﻌﻣﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭﻱﺮﺘﻛﺩﻯﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ: ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ"

ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭﺪﺷﺭﺍﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ *

(2)

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻦــﻴﻴﺒﺗﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ

ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭﺎﻧﻱﺎﻫﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺎﺑﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻱﺍﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣﻞﺑﺎﻗﻢﺠﺣﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﻪﺑ

ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋﻪﺑ .[1-4] ﺖــﺳﺍﻩﺩﺍﺩﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍﺩﻮﺧﻪﺑﺍﺭﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺯﺍ

ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ

ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍﻪﺑﺖﺒــﺴﻧﺍﺭﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷﻱﺎﻫﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺎﺑ

.ﺩﺮﻛﻩﺎﮔﺁﺶﻴﭘﺯﺍﺶــﻴﺑ،ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﺯﺍﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺶﻘﻧ

ﻪﻛﺪﻨﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺯﺍﻱﺍﻪــﻈﺣﻼﻣﻞــﺑﺎﻗﻩﺮﺘــﺴﮔ

ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻱﺎﻫﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﺯﺍﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣﻭﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣ،ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩﻥﺎﻧﺁﻲــﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﺭﺩ،ﻥﺎﮔﺪــﻧﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ

ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿﺮﺑﻥﺎــﻘﻘﺤﻣﺯﺍﻲﺧﺮﺑ،ﻥﺎــﻴﻣﻦــﻳﺍﺭﺩ .[5-7] ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺩ

ﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﻦﻤﺿﻪﻛﺖــﺳﺍﺩﺪﺻﺭﺩﺰﻴﻧﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ .[8-14] ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﺮﻛ

ﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﺶﻘﻧﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺕﺎﻔﺻﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ

.ﺪﻨﻛﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﺍﺭ

ﺪﻨﻣﻪﻗﻼﻋﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣﻱﺍﺮﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻯﻮﮕﻟﺍ

ﻪﺑ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺭﺩﻲﻳﺎﻨﺑﺮﻳﺯﻱﺩﺮــﻓﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﺑ

ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣﺭﺩ .[15] ﺪــﺳﺭﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑﻱﺩﺎــﻴﻨﺑﻒــﺸﻛﻚﻳﻪﺑﺎﺜﻣ

ﺮﺑﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺦﻨــﺳﻚﻳگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻯﻮﮕﻟﺍ

،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘﺎﺘﺒــﺴﻧﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘ

ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻯﻮﮕﻟﺍ .[15] ﺖــﺳﺍﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻭﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳ

ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﺑﻪﻛﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ

ﺖﺳﺪﺑﺖﺳﺍﻩﺪﺷﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺖﻳﺭﻮﺤﻣﺎﺑﻭﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ

ﺎﺑ [17] ﻱﺮﻛﻚﻣﻭﺎﺘﺳﺎﻛ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋﻪﺑ .[16] ﺖــﺳﺍﻩﺪﻣﺁ

ﻦﻴﺑﻥﺍﻮﺗﻲﻣﻪﻛﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳﺭﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﻦﻳﺍﻪﺑﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

ﻩﺪﻤﻋﺪﻌُﺑﺞﻨﭘ،ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧﺭﺩﻱﺩﺮﻓﻱﺎــﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﻱﺍﺮﺑﺩﺮﻓﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗﻪــﺑ(N)1ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ .ﺩﺮــﻛﺭﻮــﻈﻨﻣﺍﺭ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺶﻧﺎﻜﺗ،ﺖﻣﻮﺼﺧ،ﻲﻳﻮﺟﻢﺣﺮﺗ،ﺶﻨﺗ،ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗ

ﻥﻭﺮﺑﻪﻛﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ،ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﺲﻔﻧﺕﺰﻋﻭﻲﮔﺩﺮﺴﻓﺍ

1 neuroticism ،ﻲﺒﻠﻃﺕﺃﺮﺟ،ﻥﺩﻮــﺑﺖﺒﺜﻣﻱﺍﺮﺑﺩﺮﻓﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗﻪــﺑ(E)2ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ

ﻪﺑ(O)3ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍﻥﺩﻮﺑﻲﻤﻴﻤﺻﻭﻥﺩﻮﺑﻱژﺮﻧﺍﺮﭘ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ،ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ،ﺮﻨﻫﻪﺑﻖﺸﻋ،ﻱﻭﺎﻜﺠﻨﻛﻱﺍﺮﺑﺩﺮﻓﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ

4ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳﻪﻛﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ،ﺩﻮــﺷﻲﻣﻕﻼﻃﺍﻱﺯﺭﻭﺩﺮﺧﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ

ﻭﻲﻟﺪﻤﻫ،ﺕﻭﺎﺨﺳ،ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺮﻬﻣ،ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺸﺨﺑﻱﺍﺮﺑﺩﺮﻓﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ(A)

ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺍﺭﻱﺯﺭﻭﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍﻭﻲﺘﺳﻭﺩﻉﻮﻧ،ﻱﺮﻜﻔﻤﻫ

،ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻢﻈﻨﻣﻱﺍﺮﺑﺩﺮــﻓﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗﻪﺑ(C)5ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺖﻓﺮــﺸﻴﭘ،ﻲــﺸﺨﺑﻢﻈﻧﺩﻮﺧ،ﺎﻜﺗﺍﻭﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ،ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺍﺭﺎﻛ

.ﺩﺩﺮﮔﻲﻣﻕﻼﻃﺍﻥﺩﻮﺑﻡﺍﺭﺁﻭﻥﺩﻮﺑﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ،ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻣ

ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻭﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ

ﺭﺩﻥﺎﻧﺯﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧ [8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜــﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺎﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩﻥﺍﺩﺮــﻣﺎﺑﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ

ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧﻊﻣﺎﺟﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁﻲﻣﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ

ﻪﺑﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﺭﺩﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣﺯﺍﻥﺎﻧﺯ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺩﻪﺑﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳﺍﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ 0/59 ﻭ 0/51 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ

گﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﺭﺩﻩﺪﺷﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ

ﺎﺑ [18] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻮﻨﻴــﺳﺍﺮﺗﻱﺮﻛﻚﻣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺭﺩﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷ

ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑﻮــﺴﻤﻫ [8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺎﻛﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

ﺍﺪﻧﺮﻣ،ﻲﻨﻴﻳﻮــﺳ،گﺮﺑﺪﻠﮔﻭ [9] ﺐﻴﻠﺗﺎﮔﻭﻦﻳﻭﺩﻮﮔﺕﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ [19] 6ﺲﮔﺎﻫ

ﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺰــﻴﻧﻭ،ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷ

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻱﺮــﻛﻚﻣﻭ [8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜــﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺎﻛﺕﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺰﻴﻧ [10] ﻮﻳﺩﺎﺑﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺩﺮــﻛﺭﺍﺮــﻜﺗﺍﺭ [18]

ﻥﺍﻭﺭﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﺭﺩﻥﺍﺩﺮــﻣﺎﺑﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩﻥﺎﻧﺯﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧ

ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺐﺴﻛﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ

ﺶﻘﻧﻲﺳﺮﺑﻑﺪﻫﺎﺑ [20] ﺭﻮﭘﺭﻮﺸﻧﺍﺩﻭﺭﻮﻳﺪﻛ ,ﻱﺮﻜــﺷﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﺑﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﺮﺴﭘﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺷﺍﺩﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩﺮﺘﺧﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧ

ﺮﺴﭘﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻭﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﺭﺩ

,ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻱﺎــﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﺭﺩﺮﺘﺧﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﺎﺑﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩ

ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎــﻨﻌﻣﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘﻭﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ

2 extroversion 3 openness 4 agreeableness 5 conscientiousness

(3)

.ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ

ﻩﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺩﻪﺑﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻪﻛﺩﺮﻛﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺮﻃﺎﺧ [21] ﺪﻟﻮﮕﻨﻴﻓ

ﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺭﺩ

،ﻝﺎﺜﻣﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍﻩﺩﻮﺑﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫﺎﻧﺵﺮــﻳﺬﭘﻭﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮــﺑ

ﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺭﺩ [8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺎﻛ

ﺯﺍﻲﺧﺮﺑﺭﺩﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩ

ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑﻩﺮﻤﻧﺪﻳﺪﺟﺪﻳﺎﻘﻋﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘﻞﻣﺎﻋﻩﻮــﺟﻭ

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘﻩﻮﺟﻭﺭﺩﻥﺎﻧﺯ،ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩ؛ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁﻲﻣﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑ

.ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﺐــﺴﻛﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻩﺮﻤﻧﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘﻞﻣﺎﻋﺯﺍﺕﺎــﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍﻭ

ﺭﺩﻲﻫﺍﻮﺧﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫﻪــﺟﻭﺭﺩﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮــﺑﻩﻭﻼﻋ

ﻪﺟﻭﺭﺩﻥﺎﻧﺯ،ﺪﻧﺩﺭﻭﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻩﺮﻤﻧﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﺐﺴﻛﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻩﺮﻤﻧﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﻩﻮﺟﻭﻦﻴﺑﺯﺍﻥﺩﻮﺑﻡﺮﮔ

ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧ [8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘﺳﺎﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ

ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻥﺁﻩﻮﺟﻭﻭﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻞﻣﺎﻋﺭﺩﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﻦﻴﺑﻪﻛ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺩﻮﺟﻭﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ

ﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻱﻮــﮕﻟﺍﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗﺭﺩﻢــﻬﻣﺕﻻﺍﻮــﺳﺯﺍﻲﻜﻳ

ﺎﻳﺁﻪﻛﺖــﺳﺍﻦﻳﺍﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞــﻨﭘﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟ

ﻞﺑﺎﻗﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯﻝﻮــﻃﺭﺩﻭﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻲﻨــﺳﺡﻮﻄــﺳﺭﺩﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻦﻳﺍ

ﻭﻦﺴﻧﺭﻮﺳ،ﻦﻴﺘــﺳﺮﺑﻭﺩ،ﻦﻤﭘﺎﭼﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ؟ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ

ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧ [23] ﻱﺮﻛﻚﻣﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺎﻛﻭ [22] ﺲﻨﻴﻟﻭ

ﻲﻟﺎﺴﻨﻬﻛﻭﻲﻟﺎﺴﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺑﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﻕﻮﻓﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

.ﺖﺳﺍﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﺶﻘﻧﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿﻪﻛﺖﺧﺎــﺳﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺮﻃﺎﺧ [24] ﺩﺭﺎﻧﻮﻛ

ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺭﺩﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﺶﻴﭘﻪﻛﺖﺳﺍﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑﺍﺭﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ

ﺩﺭﻮﻣﻱﺭﻮﺤﻣﺕﺎــﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣﺯﺍﻲﻜﻳ،ﻲــﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲــﻨﻴﺑ

ﻢﻏﺮﺑﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .[2ﻭ25] ﺖﺳﺍﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭﻪﻗﻼﻋ

ﺵﻮﻫﻱﺎﻫﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﺶﻘﻧﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺯﺍﻱﺮﻴﺜﻛﻢﺠﺣﺩﻮﺟﻭ

ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ،[26-29] ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﺭﺩﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﻭ

ﺡﻮﻄــﺳﺭﺩﻩﮋﻳﻭﻪﺑﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋﻪﻛﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺮﻴﺧﺍ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲــﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﺭﺩ،ﻲﻤــﺳﺭﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗﺮــﺗﻻﺎﺑ

ﺯﺍﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ،ﻦــﻳﺍﺮﺑﻩﻭﻼﻋ .[30] ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﺎــﻔﻳﺍﻲﻳﺍﺰــﺴﺑﺶﻘﻧ ﻭ1ﻲﺠﻨﺳﻥﺍﻭﺭﺵﻮﻫﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻪﻛﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣﻪﺑ،ﻲﻫﺎﮕــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻱﺎﻫﻂﻴﺤﻣﺭﺩﻩﮋﻳﻮﺑﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ،ﺱﺎــﺳﺍﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ .[25] ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍﺩﺭﻮﻣﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﺯﺍﺮﺘﻤﻛ

ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣﻱﺎﻫﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﻥﺍﻮﺗﺶﻫﺎﻛﺎﺑﻪﻛﺪﺳﺭﻲﻣ

ﺮﺑ،ﻲﻤﺳﺭﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺡﻮﻄﺳﺭﺩﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻱﺎﻫﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﻪﺑ

.[25] ﺩﺩﺮﮔﻩﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻢﻬﺳ

ﺕﺎﻔﺻﻥﺎﻴﻣﺯﺍﻪﻛﺖــﺳﺍﻩﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇﻭﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍﻱﻮﺠﺘــﺴﺟ) ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ

،ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎــﺳ) ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻭ (ﺎﻨــﺷﺁﺎﻧﻱﺎﻫﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘﺎﺑﻥﺪــﺷ

ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭﺭﺩ (ﻑﺪﻫﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﺭﺩﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍﻭﺭﺎﻜﺘــﺸﭘ

ﻥﺍﻭﺭﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑﻱﺍﻩﮋﻳﻭﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟﺯﺍﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ

ﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪــﺑﻱﺪﻨﻳﺎــﺷﻮﺧﻭﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ،ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ

ﻱﻭﺭﺮﺑﻩﺪﺷﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﻱﺎﻫﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺭﺩﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻭﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ

ـﻭﺭﻮﻣﺎﭼ .[31] .ﺪﻧﺍﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧﺭﺍﺮــﻗﻪﺟﻮﺗﺩﺭﻮﻣﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﺭﺩ [30] ﻡﺎﻬﻧﺮﻓﻭﻚﻳﺯﻮﻣﺮﭘ

ﻥﺎﺸﻧﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﺯﺍﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻭﺩﺭﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭ

ﺭﺩﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺯﺍﻩﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺩﻪﺑﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧﻪﻛﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺎﺑﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﻝﺎﺳﻝﻭﺍﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻔﻫﻝﻮﻃ

ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩﺎﻬﻧﺁ،ﺱﺎــﺳﺍﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ

.ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﺪﺻﺭﺩ 17 ﺎــﺗ 10

ﺖﺒﺜﻣﺮﺛﺍﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﻲﻣﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻪﻛﺩﺮﻛﻥﺎﻴﺑ [31] ﺖﺴﻳﺩ

ﻭﺯﻮﻴﺗﺎﻣ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﻲﻔﻨﻣﺎﻳ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘﺮﺑﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻪﻧﺎﮔﻭﺩﺮﺛﺍﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺭﺩ [32] ﻥﺭﻭﺩ

ﻱﺍﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻱﺎــﻫﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍﺭﺩﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮــﺳﺮﺑﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ

ﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣﻱﺍﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍﻭﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ

[33]ﻲﻟﺍﺩﻭﻲﻠﻣﺍﺮﺑ،ﺕﺭﺍﻮﻛﺭﺎﻣـﻭﺍﺮﮕﺴﻣ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﻪﻠﺌــﺴﻣ

،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺭﺩ

ﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﻭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺖﻓﺮــﺸﻴﭘﻦﻴﺑﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭﺖﺒﺜﻣﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ

ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻭﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﻲﮔﺩﻮﺸﮔ

ﻲﻔﻨﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﺮﺑﻑﺮﻃﻚﻳﺯﺍ [34] ﻝﺪﻳﻭﺮﻣﻭﺖﻳﻭﺮﻓﺩﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺯﺍﻭ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻦــﻴﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎــﻨﻌﻣﻭ

ﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔﻭﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻦﻴﺑﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﺮﺑﺮﮕﻳﺩﻑﺮﻃ

[31] ﺖــﺴﻳﺩﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑ

(4)

ﻥﺍﻭﺭﻲﻔﻨﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﺮﺑﺰﻴﻧ،[31] ﺖــﺴﻳﺩﺯﺍﻞﻘﻧ،ﻱﺰﻨﻴﻛﻚﻣﻭ

.ﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ

ﻦﻴﺑﻲﻔﻨﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﺯﺍﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ،[31] ﺖﺴﻳﺩﺯﺍﻞﻘﻧ،ﻲﻜــﺳﻮﻜﻧﻭ

ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺭﺩﻭﺩﺍﺩﺮﺒﺧﻲــﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺖﻓﺮــﺸﻴﭘﻭﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﺪﻨﻣﻪﻗﻼﻋﺍﺭﺩﺮﻓﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻪﻛﺩﺮﻛﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺮﻃﺎﺧﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻦﻳﺍ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻕﻮﻓﻱﺎﻫﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓﺭﺩﺖﻛﺮــﺷﻪﺑ

ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻦــﻴﺑﻲﻔﻨﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﺮﺑﻲﻨﺒﻣﻲﻜــﺳﻮﻜﻧﻭ

.ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ [31] ﺖﺴﻳﺩﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭﻪﺑﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ

ﻪﻛﺖﺳﺍﻥﺁﻲﭘﺭﺩﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ،ﺪﺷﻪﺘﻔﮔﻪﭼﻥﺁﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ

ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﺶﻘﻧﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﻦﻤﺿ

ﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍ؛ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷ

ﺮﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻖﻳﺮﻃ

.ﺪﻨﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺵﻭﺭ

ﺎﻫﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ -1

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛﻩﺭﻭﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﻴﻠﻛﺍﺭﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻦﻳﺍﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﺭﺩﻪﻛﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷﺭﺩﺰﻛﺮﻣﻭﻝﺎﻤﺷﺪﺣﺍﻭﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍﺩﺍﺯﺁﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ

ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗﻪﺑﻝﻮﻐﺸﻣ 1384-85 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﻝﺎــﺳ

ﺎﺑ (ﺮﺘﺧﺩ 253 ﻭﺮﺴﭘ 166) ﺮﻔﻧ 419 ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻦﻴﺑﺯﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ

ﺯﺍﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍﻱﺍﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪﻨﭼﻱﺮﻴﮔﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺵﻭﺭ

ﻡﻮﻠﻋ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍﻡﻮﻠﻋﻱﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣﺭﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘــﺷﺭ

ﺵﻭﺭﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺖﻛﺮﺷﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣﻭﻲﻨﻓﻭﻪﻳﺎﭘ

ﺎﺑﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗﺭﻮﻃﻪــﺑﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍﻱﺍﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪﻨﭼﻱﺮــﻴﮔﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺯﺍ (ﺮﺘﻜﭼﻮﻛﻪﺑﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑﻱﺎــﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭﺯﺍ) ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣﻪﻠــﺴﻠﺳﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﻮــﺷﻲﻣﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﻱﺎــﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ

ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﺑﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﻪﺳﺭﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩ

ﺪﺣﺍﻭ؛ﺏﻮﻨﺟﻭﻝﺎﻤــﺷﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ :ﻝﻭﺍﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪــﺣﺍﻭ) ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

ﻭﻪﻳﺎﭘﻡﻮﻠﻋ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍﻡﻮﻠﻋﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻱﺎﻫﻩﺪﻜــﺸﻧﺍﺩ :ﻡﻭﺩﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ (ﺱﺭﺩﻱﺎﻫﺱﻼﻛ :ﻡﻮﺳﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪﺣﺍﻭ؛ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣﻭﻲﻨﻓ

.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ -2

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘﻦﻳﺍ :1ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ (ﻒﻟﺍ

1 Big Five Inventory (BFI) ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺍﺭﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞــﻨﭘﻲﻠﺻﺍﻱﺎﻫﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ

ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﺯﺎﻴﻧﺱﺎــﺴﺣﺍ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻋﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻲﻠﺻﺍﻱﺎﻫﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﺐﻴﻏﺮﺗBFIﺖﺧﺎــﺳﻪﺑﺍﺭ [35] ﻞﺘﻨﻛﻭﻮﻫﺎﻧﻭﺩ،ﻥﺎﺟ،ﻩﺎــﺗﻮﻛ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍﻒﻄﻌﻨﻣﻭﺮﺛﻮﻣﻱﺮــﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍBFI،ﺱﺎــﺳﺍﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺩﺮﻓﻩﻮﺟﻭﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣﻱﺮﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻲﺘﻗﻭﺍﺭﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﻪﻧﺎﮔﺞﻨﭘ

.([36] ﺍﻭﺎﺘﺳﺍﻮﻳﺮﺳﺍﻭﻥﺎﺟ) ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ،ﺖــﺴﻴﻧﺮﻈﻧﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋﺎﺑﻝﺍﻮﺳ 44 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ [35ﻭ36] ﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ

ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣﻼﻣﺎﻛﺯﺍﻱﺍﻪﺟﺭﺩﺞﻨﭘﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣﻚﻳﻱﻭﺭﺮﺑﻪﻛﺖــﺳﺍ

ﻪﺑﺕﻻﺍﻮــﺳ .ﺩﻮــﺷﻲﻣﻱﺪﻨﺑﻪﺟﺭﺩ 5 = ﻖﻓﺍﻮﻣﻼﻣﺎﻛﺎــﺗ 1 =

ﻝﺍﻮــﺳﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗﻱﺎﻫﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻭﻥﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣﺮــﻈﻧﻉﺎﻤﺟﺍﻚــﻤﻛ

گﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞــﻨﭘﻪﺑﻪــﻛﻲﻠﺻﺍﺕﺎــﻔﺻﻪﺑﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘــﺳﺩﻱﺍﺮــﺑ

ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺭﺩ .[37] ﺪﻧﺪــﺷﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ،ـﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻩﺭﺎــﺷﺍﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ

ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁﺵﻭﺭﺎﺑﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘﻦﻳﺍﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘﺐﻳﺮﺿ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ

ﻥﺍﻭﺭﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﻱﺍﺮﺑﻥﺁﻩﺪــﺷﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣﺐﻳﺮﺿﻭﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻭﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ،ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ،ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺪﺑ 0/85 ﻭ 0/60 ،0/76 ،0/72 ،0/84 ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪــﺑ

ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺳ 44 ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓﻪﺨــﺴﻧﻱﻭﺭﺮﺑﻱﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﺎﺑ [38] ﻲﺑﻻﻮﻃﻭﻲــﻠﻀﻓﺍ ,ﻱﺮﻜــﺷ ,ﺪﻧﻭﺍﺮﮔﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺭﺩBFI

ﻥﺁﻲﺠﻨﺴﻧﺍﻭﺭﻱﺎﻫﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭﻭBFIﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑﻲﻟﻮﺒﻗﻞﺑﺎﻗﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑBFIﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺥﺎﺒﻧﻭﺮﻛﻱﺎﻔﻟﺁﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ ,ﻲﻠﺒﻗﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺎﺑﻮــﺴﻤﻫ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩ

ﻦﻴﺒﻣﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﺯﺎﺑﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﺯﺍﻞﺻﺎﺣﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿﻭ

ﺎﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻦﻴﺑﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿﻭﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ

ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑﻱﺎﻫﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣﻭﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻱﺎﻫﻚﺒــﺳﻱﺎﻫﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣﻩﺩﺮﺧ

ﻦﻳﺍﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑﺖــﺳﺮﻬﻓﻦﻳﺍﻱﺍﺮﮕﻤﻫﻲﻳﺍﻭﺭﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧﻲﻨﻫﺫ

BFIﻩﻮﻘﻠﺑﻲﻳﺁﺭﺎﻛﻭﺖﺑﺎﺛﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺎﺑ ,ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍﻚﻳﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﻲﻣﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓﻦﻳﺍﻪﻛﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧ

ﻪﺑﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﺭﺩﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻱﺮﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻱﺍﺮﺑ

.ﺩﻮﺷﻩﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ

ﺎﺑﺰﻴﻧﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺖﻓﺮــﺸﻴﭘﻪﺑﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣﻱﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩ (ﺏ

ﻂﺳﻮﺗﻩﺪﺷﺮﻛﺫﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷﻭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﻪﺘــﺷﺭﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﺮﻫﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺍ،ﺎﻫﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘﺯﺍﻲــﻜﻳﻱﻭﺭﺮــﺑﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩ

(5)

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘﻲﻨﻴﻋﺺﺧﺎﺷﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲــﺳﺭﺩﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

.ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﻬﻧﺁﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ

ﺍﺮﺟﺍﺪﻧﻭﺭ -3

ﻦﻳﺍﺮﻛﺫ .ﺖــﺳﺍﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫﻉﻮﻧﺯﺍﻭﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗﺮﺿﺎﺣﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

BFIﻱﺯﺎﺳﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑﻪﻛﺪــﺳﺭﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﺪــﺷﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗﻲــﺳﺭﺎﻓﻪﺑﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘﻦﻳﺍ،ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺭﺩ

ﺖــﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩﻲــﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍﻥﺎﺑﺯﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣﻭﺩﺯﺍﻥﺁﻝﺎــﺒﻧﺩﻪــﺑﻭ

ﻦﻴﺑﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺗ .ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑﻲــﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍﻪﺑﺍﺭﻥﺁﻪﻛﺪــﻳﺩﺮﮔ

ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ» ﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻭﻩﺪﺷﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓﻭﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍﻱﺎﻫﻪﺨﺴﻧ

.ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛﻦﻜﻤﻣﻞــﻗﺍﺪﺣﻪﺑﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻦﻳﺍ1«ﺭﺮــﻜﻣﺭﻭﺮﻣ

ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍﻭﻲــﺳﺭﺎﻓﻪﺨــﺴﻧﻭﺩﻲﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣﻑﺩﺍﺮﺗ،ﺱﺎــﺳﺍﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ

ﺯﺍﺮﻔﻧﺪﻨﭼﻥﺁﻝﺎــﺒﻧﺩﻪﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮــﻗﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﺩﺭﻮﻣﺖﻗﺩﻪﺑ

ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗﻭﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣﻲــﻳﺍﻭﺭﻩﺎﮕــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻤﻠﻋﺖﺌﻴﻫﻡﺮﺘﺤﻣﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ

ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁﺯﺍﺲﭘﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗﺍﺭﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘﻦﻳﺍﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ

.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍﺮﻈﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺎﺑ،ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍﻥﺪﺷ

ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﺑﺱﺭﺩﻱﺎﻫﺱﻼﻛﺭﺩﻭﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔﺭﻮﻃﻪــﺑBFI

ﺭﺩﻖﻘﺤﻣﻥﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩﺭﻮﻀﺣﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩﻪﺑ ,ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ

ﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍﻪﺑﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍﻦﻤﺿﺎﻬﻧﺁﺱﺭﺩﻱﺎﻫﺱﻼﻛ

ﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﻧﺎﺒﻠﻃﻭﺍﺩﻼﻣﺎﻛﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣ

ﻪﺑﺦﺳﺎﭘﺯﺍﻞﺒﻗﻭﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗﺯﺍﺲﭘ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺪﻛﻮﻣ

ﻱﺍﺪﺻﺎﺑﺍﺭ (ﺎﻫﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘــﺳﺩ) ﻡﺯﻻﺕﺎﻜﻧﻥﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ,ﺕﻻﺍﻮــﺳ

ﺪﺷﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﺯﺍﻭﻩﺩﺮﻛﺖﺋﺍﺮﻗﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻱﺍﺮﺑﺪﻨﻠﺑ

ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔﺯﺍﺲﭘ،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻫﺩﺦﺳﺎﭘﺕﻻﺍﻮــﺳﻡﺎﻤﺗﻪﺑﻪﻛ

,ﺮﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ،ﻪﻧﺎﻳﺍﺭﻪﺑﺎﻬﻧﺁﺩﻭﺭﻭﻭﺎــﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩ

LISREL2ﻝﺭﺰﻴﻟﻱﺎــﻫﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍﻡﺮﻧﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍﺎﺑﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﭘﺭﺩﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻪﻛﺖــﺳﺍﻲﻨﺘﻔﮔ .ﺪــﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍSPSSﻭ ﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﺶﻘﻧﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﻦﻤﺿﻪــﻛﺖــﺳﺍﻥﺁ

ﺮﺑﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍ؛ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨــﺷﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺯﺍﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﻕﻮــﻓﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

.ﺪﺷﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺮﻴﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻭ3(MANOVA)

1 iterative review process 2 linear Structural Relations 3 Multivariate Analysis of varaiance

ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

گﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞــﻨﭘﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳﺍﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍﻭﻦــﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 1 ﻝﻭﺪــﺟ

.ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﺭﺩﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ

ﺮــﺴﭘﻭﺮﺘﺧﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ

ﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ،ﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﺭﺩ

،ﻝﻭﺍﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺭﺩﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ(MANOVA)

ﻪﺘــﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻲﻄﺧﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﺩﻮﺟﻭﻡﺪﻋﺎﻳﺩﻮﺟﻭ

ﺯﺍﺲﭘ،ﺪــﻌﺑﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺭﺩﻭﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺱﺎــﺳﺍﺮﺑ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺡﻮﻄــﺳﺭﺩﺎﻬﻧﺁﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ،ﻪﺘــﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻚــﻴﻜﻔﺗ

ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋﻪﺑ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔﻲﻣﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ(ANOVA)4ﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣ

(ﻱﺎﻫ) ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺎــﻳﺁﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻦﻳﺍﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ،ﺮــﮕﻳﺩ

.ﺮﻴﺧﺎﻳﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻲﻄﺧﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗﺮﺑﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧﻱﺎﻫﻪﺿﻭﺮﻔﻣﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ(MANOVA)ﻱﺍﺮــﺟﺍﺯﺍﻞﺒﻗ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻮﻛﺲــﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻱﺎــﻫﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣﻲﻨﮕﻤﻫﻭﻊــﻳﺯﻮﺗﻥﺩﻮــﺑ

،5ﻑﻮﻧﺮﻴﻤﺳﺍﻑﻭﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟﻮﻛﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﺢﻄﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ

.ﻡﺍ »ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁﻪﻠﻴــﺳﻭﻪﺑﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻮﻛﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻲﻨﮕﻤﻫﻪــﺿﻭﺮﻔﻣﻭ

.[39] ﺩﺩﺮﮔﻲﻣﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ6«ﺲﻛﺎﺑ

ﺞﻨﭘﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗﻱﺍﺮﺑﻑﻮﻧﺮﻴﻤﺳﺍﻑﻭﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟﻮﻛﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﺢﻄﺳ

ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ،ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋ

، 0/070 ، 0/078 ، 0/084 ، 0/068 ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳﻭ

ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧﻪﺿﻭﺮﻔﻣﺍﺬﻟ،ﻩﺩﻮﺑﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ 0/05 ﺯﺍﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ 0/082

ﻪﺿﻭﺮﻔﻣﻱﺍﺮﺑﺲــﻛﺎﺑ .ﻡﺍﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑﻥﺩﻮﺑ

،F = 9/132) ﺲــﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻮﻛﺲــﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻱﺎﻫﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣﻲــﻨﮕﻤﻫ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ (P> 0/065

ﺮﺛﺍﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻱﺍﺮﺑ(MANOVA)ﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲــﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻝﺍﻮﺳﻪﺑﺦﺳﺎﭘﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﺍﺮﺟﺍﻪﺘــﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻱﻭﺭﺮﺑﺲﻨﺟ

؛19917) ﻝﺪﻴﻓﻭﻚﻴﻨﭼﺎﺑﺎﺗﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻔﮔﺎﺑﻮﺴﻤﻫ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ

ﻱﺎﻫﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁﻦــﻴﺑﺯﺍﻖﻘﺤﻣ (1999 ،ﻱﺪــﻳﺭﻭﻲــﺴﻧﺩﺯﺍﻞــﻘﻧ

ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ (ﻱﺭﻪﺸﻳﺭﻭﮓﻨﻴﻠﺗﺎﻫ ،ﺰﻜﻠﻳﻭﺍﺪﺒﻣﻻ،ﻲﻳﻼﻴﭘ) ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ

.ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﻛﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ F ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣﻱﺍﺮﺑﺍﺭﺰﻜﻠﻳﻭﺍﺪﺒﻣﻻ

ﺎﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

(6)

= 14/58 ،P< 0/000) ﺎــﺑﺍﺪﺒﻣﻻﺰﻜﻠﻳﻭﻥﻮــﻣﺯﺁﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻪﺑﺎــﺸﻣﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓﻥﺍﻮــﺗﻲﻣﻪﻛﺪــﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧ (F(5,419)

ﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﻱﺍﺮﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﻱﺎﻫﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

.ﺩﺮﻛﺩﺭﺍﺭ

ﺞﻨﭘﺮﻈﻧﺯﺍﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﻦــﻴﺑﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧ 2 ﻝﻭﺪﺟﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺩﻮﺟﻭﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ (ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ) 3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟﺭﺩﻪﻛﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ

ﻭﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﺩﻮــﺷﻲﻣ

ﻞﻣﺎﻋﻭ،ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﻲﮔﺩﻮــﺸﮔ

ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭﻲﻔﻨﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺩ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻑﺪﻫﺮﮕﻳﺩﻪﻛﺎﺠﻧﺁﺯﺍ

ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ

ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫﻭ

.ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺮﻴﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﺯﺍ،ﺖﺳﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ

ﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﻭ (ﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ) ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮــﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺛﺍ،1 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﺭﺍﺩﻮــﻤﻧﺭﺩ

ﻥﺎــﺸﻧﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮــﺑ (ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳ) ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣ

ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﺯﺍ 0/02 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻱﻮــﮕﻟﺍﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣ

ﺐﻳﺮﺿﺎﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺍﺭﻲــﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ

ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻱﺮﺛﺍ 0/17 ﺎﺑﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧ (ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ)

ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑ 0/02 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﻛﻭ

ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻞﻣﺎﻋﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑﻲﻤﻧﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻛ

ﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ 0/11 (ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ) ﻪﺘــﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﺑ

ﺯﺍﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻩﺪــﺷﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ .ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ 0/03 ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻖﻳﺮﻃ

ﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﻱﺮﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑ،ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑﺯﺍﺲﭘ

RMSEA= 0/079 ﻭAGFI= 0/97 ،GFI= 0/99 ﻮــﮕﻟﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺍﺭﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩﺎــﺑﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑﻪﻛﺪــﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺪﺑ

ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ 1 ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁﻪﺟﺭﺩﺎﺑ 3/59 ﻭﺩﻲﺧﺵﺯﺭﺍﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣﻮﮕﻟﺍﻦــﻳﺍ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ ( p< 0/058)

ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﻭ (ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ) ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺛﺍ،2 ﺮﻴﺴﻣﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧﺭﺩ

ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑ (ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ) ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﺯﺍ 0/17 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻪــﻛ ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭﺐﻳﺮﺿﺎﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺍﺭ

ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ) ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻱﺮﺛﺍ -0/14 ﺎﺑﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ

ﻭﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧ (ﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑ -0/06 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﻛ

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻞﻣﺎﻋﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻛ

ﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ 0/41 (ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ) ﻪﺘــﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﺑ

ﺯﺍﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻩﺪــﺷﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ .ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ 0/02 ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻖﻳﺮﻃ

ﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﻱﺮﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑ،ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑﺯﺍﺲﭘ

ﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺪﺑRMSEA= 0/000 ﻭAGFI= 1 ،GFI= 1ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣﻮﮕﻟﺍﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺍﺭﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩﺎﺑﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑﻪﻛ

( p< 0/75) ﺭﺍﺩﺎــﻨﻌﻣ 1 ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁﻪﺟﺭﺩﺎــﺑ 0/10 ﻭﺩﻲــﺧﺵﺯﺭﺍ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ

ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﻭ (ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ) ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺛﺍ،3 ﺮﻴﺴﻣﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧﺭﺩ

ﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑ (ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ) ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ

ﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺲــﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﺯﺍ 0/02 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ

ﻲﻧﻮﻴــﺳﺮﮔﺭﺐﻳﺮﺿﺎﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ

ﻥﻭﺮﺑ) ﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻱﺮﺛﺍ -0/32 ﺎﺑﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ

ﻭﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧ (ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ

ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑ -0/04 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﻛ

ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖــﺴﻴﻧﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻛ

ﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ 0/13 (ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ) ﻪﺘــﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﺑ

ﺯﺍﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻩﺪــﺷﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ .ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ 0/10 ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻖﻳﺮﻃ

ﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﻱﺮﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑ،ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑﺯﺍﺲﭘ

ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑRMSEA= 0/000 ﻭAGFI= 1 ،GFI= 1 ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣﻮﮕﻟﺍﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺍﺭﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩﺎﺑﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑﻪﻛ

( p< 0/52) ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ 1 ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁﻪــﺟﺭﺩﺎﺑ 0/42 ﻭﺩﻲــﺧﺵﺯﺭﺍ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ

ﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﻭ (ﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ) ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮــﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺛﺍ،4 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﺭﺍﺩﻮــﻤﻧﺭﺩ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑ (ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ) ﺶــﻫﻭﮋﭘﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣ

ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﺯﺍ 0/09 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻪﻛﺪــﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧ

ﺎﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

(7)

ﺮﺴﭘﻭﺮﺘﺧﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻱﺎﻫﻩﺮﻤﻧﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍﻭﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .1 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ (ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ) ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺴﭘ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ (9/71)30/55 (5/67)25/34 ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ (4/74)31/95 (5/10)33/77 ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ (5/72)32/37 (5/46)30/72 ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ (6/41)22/13 (7/06)24/46 ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ (6/41)37/64 (6/07)36/23 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ (1/95)15/93 (1/64)15/54

ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﺭﺩﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﺴﭘﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔﻦﻴﺑﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .2ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ .df ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺬﺠﻣ F .Sig ﺲﻨﺟ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ 2651/70 1 2651/70 46/65 0/000 ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ 271/17 1 271/17 8/70 0/003 ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ 204/365 1 204/365 5/28 0/008 ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ 559/56 1 559/56 12/14 0/001 ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ 334/77 1 334/77 13/44 0/000

ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣ .3 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

1 2

3 4

5

ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑ -1

ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ -2 0/018

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ -3 0/29**

0/20**

ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ -4 -0/28

-0/06 -0/42**

ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ -5 0/43**

0/055 0/40**

-0/45**

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ -6 0/11*

0/12*

0/52**

-0/40**

0/15*

(8)

ﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧ (ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ) ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮــﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﻛﻭﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺩﻪﺑ -0/05

(ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ) ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﺑﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻩﺪﺷﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ -0/30

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ 0/03 ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩ

ﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﻱﺮﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑ،ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑﺯﺍﺲﭘ

ﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺪﺑRMSEA= 0/000 ﻭAGFI= 1 ،GFI= 1 ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣﻮﮕﻟﺍﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺍﺭﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩﺎﺑﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑﻪﻛ

( p< 0/61) ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ 1 ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁﻪــﺟﺭﺩﺎﺑ 0/25 ﻭﺩﻲــﺧﺵﺯﺭﺍ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ

ﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﻭ (ﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ) ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮــﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺛﺍ،5 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﺭﺍﺩﻮــﻤﻧﺭﺩ

ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑ (ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ) ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﺯﺍ 0/05 ﺮﻴــﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻪــﻛ

ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭﺐﻳﺮﺿﺎﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺍﺭ

(ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ) ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻱﺮﺛﺍ -0/11 ﺎﺑﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﻛﻭﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧ

ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑ -0/02 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟ

ﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﺑﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖــﺴﻴﻧ

.ﺖﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ 0/21 (ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ) ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ

ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺭﺩﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻩﺪــﺷﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ 0/01 ﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑ

ﺭﺩ .ﺪــﺷﻱﺮﻴﮔﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮــﺑ،ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮــﺑﺯﺍﺲﭘ

RMSEA= 0/01 ﻭAGFI= 0/99 ،GFI= 1 ﻮــــﮕﻟﺍﻦـﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﺍﺭﺎﻫﻩﺩﺍﺩﺎﺑﻮﮕﻟﺍﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑﻪﻛﺪﻣﺁﺖـﺳﺪﺑ

ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ 1 ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁﻪــﺟﺭﺩﺎﺑ 1/06 ﻭﺩﻯﺎﻛﺵﺯﺭﺍﻥﺍﺰــﻴﻣﻮــﮕﻟﺍ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺪﺑ (p< 0/30)

ﻯﺮﻴﮔ

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

ﺚﺤﺑ

ﺞﻨﭘﺮﻈﻧﺯﺍﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﻦﻴﺑﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋﻪﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺩﻮــﺟﻭﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺮﻃﺎﺧﻱﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺪﻨﭼﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ

ﻠﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﭼﻤﻋ ﺖﺴﻨﺟ

رﻳﺎلﺎﮔﺎﺳ

0/17

0/97 0/11

0/98

ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ .1ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ

ﻠﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﭼﻤﻋ ﺖﺴﻨﺟ

ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻔﻇو

-0/14

0/98 0/41

0/83

(9)

ﺯﺍﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺭﺩﻪﻛ

ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺍﺭﻦﻴﻤﻫﺭﺩ .ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑﻱﺍﻩﮋﻳﻭﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ

ﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﺭﺩﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺮﮔﻲﺠﻧﺎﻴﻣﺶﻘﻧﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ

ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺮﻴﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻱﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ

ﺮﺛﺍﻭﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧﺰﻴﻧﺮﻴﺴﻣﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪــﺷ

ﻱﺎﻫﻞﻣﺎﻋﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺎﻬﻨﺗ (ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ) ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺍﺰﻧﻭﺮﺑﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻞﻛ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﻲــﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻭﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪــﻔﻴﻇﻭ

ﻥﻭﺮﺑ) ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷگﺭﺰﺑﻞﻣﺎﻋﺞﻨﭘﻢﻴﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺮﺛﺍ .ﺖــﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ

(ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ،ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ،ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ

.ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑ

ﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

،[8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘﺳﺎﻛﻱﺎﻫﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﺎﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻱﺮﻛﻚﻣﻭ [10] ﻮــﻳﺩﺎﺑ،[9] ﺐﻴﻠﺗﺎﮔﻭﻦــﻳﻭﺩﻮﮔ

ﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺭﺩﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ .ﺪﻣﺁﺖﺳﺩﻪﺑﻮﺴﻤﻫ [18]

ﻱﺎﻫﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍﺎﺑﺶﻘﻧﺮــﺑﻕﻮﻓﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺯﺍﻩﺪﻣﺁﺖــﺳﺩﻪﺑ

ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍﻩﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻭﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻧﻭﺮﻴﺑﻭﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋﺯﺍﻲﻌﻴﺳﻭﻩﺮﺘﺴﮔﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻬﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁﻭﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﺎﺗ [40] ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﻳﺯﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺯﺍﻭ

ﺮﺑ [40] ﻱﺭﺎﺳﻭ [40] ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻮﭼ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ [40]

ﻞﻴﻟﺩﻪﺑﻪﻛﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﻩﺪﻴﻘﻋﻥﺎﻧﺁ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺭﺩﺎﻣﻙﺩﻮﻛﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭ

ﻪﺑﻭﻲﻧﺎﻤﻫﻦﻳﺍﺯﺍﻱﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑﻲﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩ،ﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ

ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗﻡﺪﻋﻞﻴﻟﺩﻪﺑ،ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩ؛ﺪﻨﻫﺩﻲﻣﺪــﺷﺭﻲﮕﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘﻢﻫ

ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍﻚﻳﻪﺑﺮــﺴﭘ،ﺭﺩﺎﻣﻪﺑﺖﺒــﺴﻧﺮﺴﭘﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟ

ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﺶﻘﻧﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ .ﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘﻡﺪﻋﻭﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻬﺸﻘﻧﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺎﻬﻳﺮﻴﮔﺖﻬﺟﻦﻳﺍﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧ [40]

ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻳﺁﻲﻣﺩﻮﺟﻭﻪﺑ،ﺪﻨﻫﺩﻲﻣﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﻲﻋﻮﻧﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑﻥﺎﻧﺯﻭﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ

ﻭﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ،ﺭﺩﺎﻣﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﻲﻳﺎﻬﺸﻘﻧﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﻪﺑﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑﻥﺎﻧﺯﻪﻛﺎﺠﻧﺁ

ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺭﺩ،ﺪﻧﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘﻲﻣﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ

ﻪﻛﻲﻳﺎﻬﺸﻘﻧﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﻪﺑﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ،ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﺍﺪﻴﭘﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

ﺪﻨﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ،ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﻲﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍﺩﻮﺧﻭﻝﻼﻘﺘــﺳﺍﺮﺑ

ﻚﺴﻴﻓﻭ [40] ﺮﻠﻴﻣ .ﺪﻧﻮــﺷﻲﻣﻩﺮﺒﺧﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩﻭﺮﻨﻳﺍﺯﺍﻭ

.ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﻲــﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﺕﺭﺪﻗﺮــﻈﻨﻣﺯﺍﺍﺭﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﺰــﻴﻧ [40]

ﻠﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﭼﻤﻋ ﺖﺴﻨﺟ

ﺮﮔ نوﺮﺑ

-0/32

0/90 0/13

0/98

ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﻥﻭﺮﺑﻖﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ .3ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ

ﻠﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﭼﻤﻋ ﺖﺴﻨﺟ

ﻮﺧرﻳﺎلﻮﺠﻧﻬرﻳﺎل نورﻳﺎل

0/16

0/97 -0/30

0/91

(10)

ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩﺯﺍﺖﻋﺎﻃﺍﺭﺩﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﺖــﺳﺩﻭﺮﻓﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﻥﺎﻧﺯ

ﻪﺑﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣﻪﻛﻲــﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ،ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁﻲﻣﺖــﺳﺩﻪﺑﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ،ﺪــﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ

ﺎﻬﺗﺭﺎﻬﻣﻦﻳﺍﺪﺷﺭﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﺮﺘﻤﻛﺐﻟﺎﻏﻩﻭﺮﮔﺭﺩﺖﻳﻮﻀﻋﻞﻴﻟﺩ

.ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ

ﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻪــﻛﺩﺯﺎــﺳﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺮﻃﺎﺧ [41] ﺱﺎــﺑ

ﻱﺍﺮﺑﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﻭﺖــﺳﺍﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژﻩﺩﻮﻟﺎﺷﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳ

ﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﻦــﻴﺑﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎــﺸﻓﺯﺍﻪﺘــﺳﺩﻥﺁﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ

1«ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ» ﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﻦﻤﺿ [10] ﻮﻳﺩﺎﺑ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ

ﻚﻳﻢﻫﺎﺑﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻪﻛﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﺩﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ

ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺪﻨﻫﺩﻲﻣﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍﺍﺭﺪﺣﺍﻭﺭﺎﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘ

ﺭﺩﻻﺎﺑﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎــﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻭﺪــﻌُﺑﻚﻳﺭﺩﻦــﻴﻳﺎﭘ

ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑﺭﺩ [10] ﻮﻳﺩﺎﺑﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ .ﺮــﮕﻳﺩﺪﻌُﺑ

ﻥﺎﻧﺯﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﻼﻣﺎﻛﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍﻁﺎﻘﻧﺭﻮــﺑﺰﻣﺭﺎﺘــﺳﻮﻴﭘﻱﻭﺭﺮﺑﻚﻳﺮﻫﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣﻭ

[8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺎﻛ .ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍﺩﻮــﺧﻪﺑﺍﺭﻲــﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ

ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﻭﺩﻑﺮﺻﻲﻠﻣﺎﻜﺗﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﻚﻳﻪﻛﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺢــﻳﺮﺼﺗ

ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳﺯﺍﺍﺭﻥﺍﺩﺮــﻣﻭﻥﺎﻧﺯﻪﻛﻲﺗﺎﻔﺻ،ﻝﻭﺍ :ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻩﺍﺮــﻤﻫﻪﺑ

،ﻡﻭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻧﺎــﺴﻜﻳﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﻱﺎﻫﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓﺭﺩ،ﺪﻧﺯﺎــﺳﻲﻣﺰــﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ

.ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣﻲﻠﻛﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﺕﺎﻔﺻﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﺯﺍ [8] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜــﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘــﺳﺎﻛﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺎــﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

ﻲﻠﻛﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ،ﺩﻮﺟﻭﻦــﻳﺍﺎﺑ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁﻞﻤﻋﻪــﺑﺍﺭﻡﺯﻻﺖــﻳﺎﻤﺣﻡﻭﺩ

ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛﻥﺎﻴﻣﺭﺩﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﺎﺘﺳﺎﻛﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻﺮﻴﻏ

ﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ [8]

1 evolutionary hypothesize ﺎﻣﺍ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻲﻠﻣﺎﻜﺗﻭﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺖﺴﻳﺯﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋﺭﺩﻪــﺸﻳﺭﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ

ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﺽﺮﻓﻪﻛﺰﻴﻧ [22] ﻲــﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﺶﻘﻧﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ

ـﺩﻮﺷﻲﻣﺮﺠﻨﻣﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻭﺎﻫﺶﻘﻧﻪﺑﻥﺪﺷﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ

ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻭﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺭﺩﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻙﺭﺩﺭﺩ

.[8ﻭ18] ﺪﺷﻊﻗﺍﻭﺮﺛﻮﻣ

ﻞﻣﺎﻋﻦﻴﺑﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻩﺭﺎــﺑﺭﺩﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

،ﻦﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣﻱﺎــﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺎﺑﻲــﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻭﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪــﻔﻴﻇﻭ

ﻡﺎــﻬﻧﺮﻓﻭﻚــﻳﺯﻮﻣﺮﭘﻭﺭﻮــﻣﺎﭼ [42] ﻦﻴﻓﺎــﺳﻭﻱﺮــﻣﻮﮕﺘﻧﻮﻣ

ﻪﻛﺪــﺳﺭﻲﻣﺮﻈﻧﻪﺑ .ﺖــﺳﺍﻮــﺴﻤﻫ [3] ﻦﺘــﺷﺁﻭﻦﻧﺎﭘ،[30]

ﻭ [25] ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ،[25] «ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺖﺑﻼﺻ» ﺎﺑﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ

ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑﺵﻼﺗﺮﻴﻈﻧﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﻱﺎﻫﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭﺯﺍﻲــﺧﺮﺑ

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ [25] ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣﻭﻢﻈﻧ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ،ﺖﻓﺮــﺸﻴﭘ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍﺎﺑﻪﻛﻱﺍﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻪﻄــﺳﺍﻭﻪﺑﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ

ﻪﺑ،ﺩﺩﺮﮔﻲﻣﺏﻮــﺴﺤﻣﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻱﺎﻫﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﺯﺍﻲﻜﻳ

ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺩﺭﻮﻣﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩﻱﺎــﻫﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻪﻛﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﻩﮋﻳﻭ

،ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺸﭘ،ﻲﺷﻮﻜﺘﺨﺳ،ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻢﻈﻨﻣ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .[25] ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﻲﻣﺭﺍﺮﻗ

ﻱﺎﻫﻩﺯﻮﺣﺭﺩﺩﺮﻓﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗﻲﻣﺖﻗﺩﻭﻱﺭﺍﺪﻣﺖﻓﺮــﺸﻴﭘ

ﺶﻴﭘﺖﺒﺜﻣﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑﺍﺭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﻱﺎﻫﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﻪﻠﻤﺟﺯﺍﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ

ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳﻦﻳﺍﺯﺍﻲﺧﺮﺑﺖــﺳﺍﻦﻜﻤﻣﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍﺐﻟﺎﺟ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻨﻴﺑ

.[25ﻭ43] ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑﺰﻴﻧﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﻲــﺷﻮﻫﻱﺎــﻫﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﺯﺍ

ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗﻲــﺳﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗﺭﺩ،ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘﻱﺍﺮﺑ [31] ﻱﺮﻛﻚﻣ

ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣﻱﺎﻫﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﺎﺑﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ :ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﺍﺭﻱﺍﻩﮋﻳﻭﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ

ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍﺍﺮﮔﺍﻭﺮﻜﻔﺗﻱﺎﻫﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍﺎﺑﻲــﻬﺟﻮﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗﺪﺣﺎﺗﻭﺵﻮﻫﺎﺑ

ﻪﻛﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗ [31] ﻱﺮﻛﻚﻣ،ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﻩﻭﻼﻋ .ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎﺸﻧ

.ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗﻞﺑﺎﻗﺶﻘﻧﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍﻪﻧﺎﻗﻼﺧﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺭﺩﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ

ﻠﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﭼﻤﻋ ﺖﺴﻨﺟ

شﺮﺬﭘ

-0/11

0/99 0/21

0/95

(11)

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺪﺷﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍﻪﻛﺭﻮﻃﻥﺎﻤﻫ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ .ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎﺸﻧﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻭﻲﻔﻨﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ

ﻩﮋﻳﻭﻪﺑﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺎﺑ

ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﻩﺎﮕــﺸﻧﺍﺩﺕﺎﻧﺎﺤﺘﻣﺍﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﺍﺯﻲﮔﺪﻴﻨﺗﻱﺎــﻫﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﺭﺩ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ [25] ﻡﺎﻬﻧﺮﻓﻭﻚﻳﺯﻮﻣﺮﭘﻭﺭﻮﻣﺎﭼ .[25] ﺖــﺳﺍﻩﺪــﺷ

ﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩﻱﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍﺎﺑﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻪﻛ

ﻭﻲﻤــﺴﺟﻱﺎﻫﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑﻞﻴﻟﺩﻪﺑﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺮﻴﻏﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩ

.ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﺮــﻈﻨﻓﺮﺻﻲــﻳﺎﻬﻧﺕﺎــﻧﺎﺤﺘﻣﺍﺭﺩﺖﻛﺮــﺷﺯﺍﻲــﻧﺍﻭﺭ

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺎﺑﺎﻬﻨﺗﻪﻧﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ،ﻦــﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﺶﻨﺗﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﻲﻧﺎﻤــﺴﺟﻱﺎﻫﺐﻴﺳﺁﺯﺍﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑﺡﻮﻄــﺳﺎﺑﻪﻜﻠﺑ

.[44] ﺩﺭﺍﺩﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭﻖﻳﺮﻌﺗﻭﻲــﺷﺭﺍﻮﮔﺕﻻﻼــﺘﺧﺍ،ﻲــﻧﻼﻀﻋ

[25] ﺮﺗﻒﻴﻌﺿﺩﻮﺧﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣﺎﺑﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﺱﺎــﺳﺍﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ

ﺪﻫﺩﻲﻣﻥﺎــﺸﻧﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﻩﺪــﺷﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔﻱﺎﻫﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍﺩﻮﺧﻭ

ﻡﺪﻋﺎﺑﻥﺎﮔﺪــﻧﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳﻪﻛﺪــﻨﻛﻲﻣﺪــﻴﻛﺎﺗ [45] ﮓــﻧﺍﺯ .[25]

ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭ) ﻦــﻴﻳﺎﭘﺲﻔﻧﺕﺰــﻋﻭﻻﺎﺑﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫﺕﺎــﺒﺛ

ﺯﺍﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍﻥﺩﺮﻛﻩﺎﺒﺘــﺷﺍﺮﻄﺧﺯﺍﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ (ﻻﺎﺑ

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺩﺎﻳﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣﻑﺮﺻﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗﺯﺎﺑﻪﺑﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧﻪــﻛﻲﻔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ

ﺎﺑﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣﻲﺘﺣﺍﺭﺱﺎــﺴﺣﺍﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﻩﺪﺷ

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻮﻳﺮﮕﺳﺎﻣ،[4] ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫﻭﻑﺍﺩﻱﺎﻫﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻱﺮﻛﻚﻣ،(2003 ،ﺖﺴﻳﺩﺯﺍﻞﻘﻧ؛1981) ﻙﺎﭼﻮﺗﻮﻤﻛﺎﺗ،[33]

ﻭ [46]ﺎﻜﺴﻓﻮﺳﺎﻛﻭگﺮﺒﻧﻮﺷ،(2003 ،ﺖــﺴﻳﺩﺯﺍﻞﻘﻧ؛1978)

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﻮﺴﻤﻫ [47]ﻞﻜﻴﻠﺑ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏﺮﺛﺍﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﺭﺩﻪﻛﺩﺍﺩﻥﺎــﺸﻧﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﺶﻘﻧﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ

ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍﺯﺍﻱﺩﺮﻓﻥﻭﺭﺩﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣﺎﺑﺮﮕﻴﺠﻧﺎﻴﻣﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻚــﻳ

ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣﺯﺍﻲﺧﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ

ﺭﺩﻩﺪﺷﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗﺭﺩﻪﻛﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﻱﺍﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣﻞﺑﺎﻗﺭﻮﻃﻪﺑﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ

،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓﻞﻣﺎﺷﺖﺳﺍﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗﻪﺟﻮﺗﺩﺭﻮﻣ

ﻭﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﻱﺎــﻫﺮﮔﺶﻨﺗﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗﻭﻱﺍﻪــﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻱﺎــﻫﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ

ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﺭﺩﺎﻫﺮﮔﺶﻨﺗﻦﻳﺍﻪﺑﺖﺒــﺴﻧﺎﻫﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ

ﺶﻘﻧﺮﺑﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗﺎــﺑﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛﺕﺎﺤﻳﻮﻠﺗ،ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ

ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗﺭﺩﻪﻛﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻥﺍﻭﺭﻱﺎﻫﻪﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ

ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺭﺩﻱﺩﺮﻓﻱﺎﻫﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ .ﺩﺩﺮــﮔﻲﻣﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ،ـﺪــﻧﺍﻪﺘــﺷﺍﺩﻱﺍﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺰﻓﺪــﺷﺭ

ﻲﻳﻮﺧﺭﻮﺠﻧﺭﻥﺍﻭﺭﻦﻴﺑﺖــﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺯﺍﻱﺍﻪــﻈﺣﻼﻣ

ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻚﺒﺳﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧﻱﺍﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭﺎﺑ

ﺖﺒﺜﻣﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭﻭ [48-51] ﻲــﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺱﺮﺘــﺳﺍﻭﻲﺑﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍﻭﺭﺍﺪﻣ

[17ﻭ 51ﻭ 52] ﺭﺍﺪﻣﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣﻚﺒﺳﺎﺑﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭﻦﻴﺑ

.ﺪﻧﺍﻩﺩﺮﻛﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔﺍﺭ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺎﻫﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﺯﺍﻲﺧﺮﺑﻪﻛﺖﺳﺍﺮﻛﺫﻪﺑﻡﺯﻻ

،ﻝﻭﺍ .ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣﺖــﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﺎﺑﺍﺭﻥﺁﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﻢــﻴﻤﻌﺗ

ﻪﺑﺮﮕﻳﺩﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺯﺍﻱﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫﺮــﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺞــﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻱﺎﺟﻪﺑﻲﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔﺩﻮﺧﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍﻞﻴﻟﺩ

ﻱﺎﻫﻩﻮﻴﺷﺯﺍﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍﻪﺑﺍﺭﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣﺖــﺳﺍﻦﻜﻤﻣ

ﻪﺑﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﺑﺯﺍﺏﺎﻨﺘﺟﺍﻭﻲــﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗﺐــﺴﻛﺮﺑﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ

ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩﺕﺭﺎــﺒﻋﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛﺐﻴﻏﺮﺗﻱﺩﺮــﻓﺖﻳﺎﻔﻛﻡﺪــﻋ

ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭﻩﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣﺯﺍﻲــﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔﺩﻮﺧﻱﺎﻫﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ

،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻦﻳﺍﺭﺩ،ﺪــﺷﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍﺮﺘــﺸﻴﭘﻪﻛﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ،ﻡﻭﺩ .ﺪــﺸﻧ

ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍﺩﺍﺯﺁﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛﻩﺭﻭﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩﺯﺍﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

-85 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﻝﺎﺳﺭﺩﻪﻛﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷﺭﺩﺰﻛﺮﻣﻭﻝﺎﻤﺷﺪﺣﺍﻭ

،ﺪﻳﺩﺮﺗﻲﺑ .ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛﺖﻛﺮــﺷ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗﻪﺑﻝﻮﻐــﺸﻣ 1384

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ،ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩﻱﺎﻫﻩﺎﮕــﺸﻧﺍﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ

ﻦﻳﺍﺡﻮﻄــﺳﺭﺩﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻦــﻴﺑﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﻭ

ﺩﻮﺟﻭﺎﺑ،ﻡﻮــﺳ .ﺪــﺷﻲﻣﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ (ﻥﺩﻮﺑﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩﺎﻳﺩﺍﺯﺁ) ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ

ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩﻞﻣﺎــﺷﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺖﻛﺭﺎــﺸﻣﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ

ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻦﻴﺑﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺎﻣﺍ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑﺮــﺴﭘﻭﺮﺘﺧﺩ

ﺎﻳﻭﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣﻥﺁﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩﻭﺖﻴــﺴﻨﺟﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺡﻮﻄــﺳﺭﺩ

ﺭﺩﺵﺯﺍﺮﺑﻲﻳﻮﻜﻴﻧﻱﺎﻫﺺﺧﺎــﺷﻦﻴﺑﺕﻭﺎــﻔﺗﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣﻡﺪــﻋ

ﻱﺎﻫﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﺩﻮﺟﻭﺎــﺑ .ﺪﻧﺎﻣﺭﻭﺩﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣﺮﻈﻧﺯﺍﺲــﻨﺟﻭﺩ

ـﻭﺭﻮﻣﺎﭼﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﻱﺍﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺎﺑﻮﺴﻤﻫﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ،ﻕﻮﻓ

ﻉﺯﺎﻨﻣﻼﺑﺶﻘﻧﺮــﺑ (2008) ﻡﺎﻬﻧﺮﻓﻭ1ﻮﻠﮔﻭﺪﻤﺣﺍ،ﻚــﻳﺯﻮﻴﻣﺮﭘ

ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺩﺮــﻜﻠﻤﻋﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻦــﻴﻴﺒﺗﺭﺩﺖﻴﺼﺨــﺷﺕﺎﻔﺻ

ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘﻖــﻳﺮﻃﺯﺍﺲﻨﺟﻭﺩﺭﺩﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠــﺸﻧﺍﺩ

.ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺕﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫﻞﻴﺒﻗﺯﺍﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ

ﺮﻈﻧﻪﻄﻘﻧﺯﺍ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺭﺩ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍﻪﺑﺩﺎﻨﺘــﺳﺍﺎﺑ

ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﻲﻨﻴﻋﺺﺧﺎــﺷﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛﻭﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘ،ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ،ﻱﺩﺮــﺑﺭﺎﻛ

References

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