NYOS AP Biology Dec 2011 Final Exam Practice _____ What are the waste products of cellular respiration?
A. carbon dioxide and water B. ATP and ADP
C. carbon dioxide and oxygen D. energy and glucose
_____ What metabolic stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation? A. electron transport
B. glycolysis C. Krebs cycle
D. ATP synthase action
_____ What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly by glycolysis? A. 2
B. 4
C. 34 D. 38
_____ Electron transport occurs in the A. cytoplasm.
B. matrix of the mitochondria.
C. outer membrane of the mitochondria. D. inner membrane of the mitochondria.
_____ Which molecule accepts electrons from the final carrier in the electron transport chain?
A. NAD B. pyru
vic acid
C. oxygen D. carb
on
_____ Which of the following molecules is not involved in fermentation? A. glucose B. pyruvic acid C. NADH
D. oxygen
_____ In a plant cell, where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur? A. the stomata
B. the stroma
_____ The chemical products of the light reactions are oxygen, A. NADP+, and ADP.
B. sugar, and water. C. carbon dioxide, and ATP.
D. ATP, and NADPH.
_____ The stage of photosynthesis that uses the most ATP molecules is A. the light reactions.
B. the Calvin cycle.
C. the electron transport chain. D. glycolysis.
_____ The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide to A. ADP and NADPH.
B. water.
C. a sugar called G3P. D. chlorophyll.
_____ The process by which carbon moves from inorganic carbon dioxide to organic compounds and back is called
A. the electron transport chain. B. the carbon cycle.
C. the electromagnetic spectrum. D. chromatography.
_____ Cell membranes consist mainly of a
A. carbohydrate bilayer and proteins B. protein bilayer and phospholipids
C. phospholipid bilayer and proteins
D. phospholipid bilayer and carbohydrates
_____ In a lipid bilayer, __________ of lipid molecules are sandwiched between __________. A. hydrophilic tails; hydrophobic heads
B. hydrophilic heads; hydrophilic tails
C. hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads
D. hydrophobic heads; hydrophilic tails
_____ Immerse a living cell into a hypotonic solution, and water will tend to A. move into the cell
B. move out of the cell
C. show no net movement
_____ Which molecule can passively diffuse across a lipid bilayer?
A. glucose C. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen D. both B and C
_____ Vesicle formation occurs in
A. membrane cycling C. endocytosis and exocytosis B. phagocytosis D. all of the above
_____ Life’s primary source of energy is
A. food C. sunlight
B. water D. ATP
_____ Electron transfer chains involve
A. enzymes and cofactors C. cell membranes
B. electron transfers D. all of the above
_____ Enzymes are
A. influenced by temperature C. not influenced by salinity B. not influenced by pH D. both B and C
_____ All enzymes incorporate a(n)
A. active site C. metal ion
B. coenzyme D. all of the above
_____ In plants, light-dependent reactions proceed at the
A. cytoplasm C. stroma
B. plasma membrane D. thylakoid membrane
_____ In the light-dependent reactions,
A. carbon dioxide is fixed C. carbon dioxide accepts electrons B. ATP and NADPH form D. sugar phosphates form
_____ The light-independent reactions proceed in the
A. cytoplasm C. stroma
B. plasma membrane D. both A and C
_____ When a photosystem absorbs light,
A. sugar phosphates are produced
B. electrons are transferred to ATP C. RuBP accepts electrons
D. light-dependent reactions begin
_____ The Calvin cycle begins when
B. carbon dioxide is attached to RuBP D. electrons leave a photosystem
_____ Glycolysis starts and ends in the
A. nucleus C. plasma membrane
B. mitochondrion D. cytoplasm
_____ Which of the following does not form during glycolysis?
A. NADH C. FADH2
B. pyruvate D. ATP
_____ Aerobic respiration is completed in the
A. nucleus C. plasma membrane
B. mitochondrion D. cytoplasm
_____ In the last stage of aerobic respiration, __________ is the final acceptor of electrons that originally resided in glucose.
A. water C. oxygen
B. hydrogen D. NADH
_____ Through study of the geologic record, we know that the evolution of life has been influenced by A. tectonic movements of Earth’s crust
B. bombardment of Earth by celestial objects C. chemical evolution of the atmosphere
D. all of the above
_____ Which scientist was the first to obtain indirect evidence that organic molecules could have formed abiotically on the early Earth?
A. Darwin C. Fox
B. Margulis D. Miller
_____ An abundance of __________ was conspicuously absent from the atmosphere 4 billion years ago.
A. hydrogen C. oxygen
B. nitrogen D. carbon monoxide
_____ Living cells originated by
A. 4.6 billion years ago C. 2.8 million years ago
B. 3.8 million years ago D. 3.8 billion years ago
_____ Which of the following statements is false? A. The first living cells were prokaryotic.
B. Photosynthesis first appeared in bacterial species.
_____ What would occur if a plant cell were placed into a strong hypertonic solution? A. The cell wall would prevent any net movement of water.
B. The cell would shrink because water would move toward the more concentrated solution. C. The cell would swell because salt would flow into the cell.
D. The cell would shrink because water would flow into the cell.
_____ Which process requires the input of energy?
A. facilitated diffusion C. passive diffusion
B. a contractile vacuole removing water D. water flowing into a paramecium
_____ The oxygen that plants release
A. comes from the water that plants absorb
B. is carried from the Calvin cycle to the light reactions by NADP C. is a by-product of respiration
D. comes from the carbon dioxide that plants absorb
_____ Which statement is not true about photosynthesis? A. water provides hydrogen for carbon fixation
B. the light-independent reactions occur in the stroma C. the light-independent reactions can occur at night
D. the thylakoid membranes are part of the grana
_____ The sugar formed from photosynthesis is
A. ATP C. pyruvic acid
B. glucose D. G3P
_____ Which of the following is not a photosynthetic pigment?
A. chlorophyll a C. carotenoid
B. bromothymol blue D. chlorophyll b
_____ Carotenoids absorb all the following colors of light except
A. yellow C. green
B. red D. violet
_____ The initial role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to
A. synthesize sugar C. fix carbon dioxide
B. absorb light energy D. convert ADP to ATP
_____ Which of the following is an end product of both aerobic respiration and the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A. glucose C. ATP
_____ The loss of electrons is known as
A. reduction C. redox
B. oxidation D. lysis
_____ The role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is A. to transport CO2
B. as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain C. to transport electrons in glycolysis
D. to provide electrons for the electron transport chain
_____ Which of the following probably evolved first?
A. the Krebs cycle C. glycolysis
B. oxidative phosphorylation D. the electron transport chain
_____ The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid occurs during the process of A. glycolysis C. lactic acid fermentation
B. the Krebs cycle D. alcohol fermentation
_____ During strenuous exercise, skeletal muscles use up __________, and produce large amounts of __________, which causes pain and fatigue in the muscle.
A. pyruvic acid; carbon dioxide
B. carbon dioxide; pyruvic acid C. pyruvic acid; lactic acid
D. oxygen; lactic acid
_____ The Krebs cycle occurs in the
A. cytoplasm C. inner mitochondrial membrane
B. mitochondrial matrix D. outer mitochondrial membrane
_____ A element of amino acids not found in carbohydrates is
A. carbon C. nitrogen
B. hydrogen D. oxygen
_____ The prebiotic Earth’s atmosphere contained abundant amounts of all the following gases, except
A. oxygen C. ammonia
B. methane D. water
_____ Which of the following represents the most likely pathway that a secretory protein takes as it is synthesized in a eukaryotic cell?
A. plasma membrane – Golgi apparatus – ribosome – rough ER – secretory vesicle B. plasma membrane – Golgi apparatus – ribosome – secretory vesicle – rough ER C. ribosome – Golgi apparatus – rough ER – secretory vesicle – plasma
_____ Which of the following statements about photosynthetic pigments is correct?
A. Pigments that dissolve best in the chromatography solvent move up the paper the slowest. B. Each of the pigments absorb light at a different wavelength.
C. The Rf values are identical for all of the pigments in paper chromatography. D. Each of the pigments absorbs light energy and converts it to chemical energy.
_____ Which of these statements is not true about enzymes?
A. They are organic compounds made of polypeptides.
B. They are catalysts that alter the rate of a chemical reaction. C. They are operative over a wide pH range.
D. The rate of catalysis is affected by the concentration of substrate.
_____ If a photosynthesizing plant began to release 18O2 instead of normal oxygen, one could most reasonably conclude that the plant had been supplied with
A. H2O containing radioactive oxygen
B. CO2 containing radioactive oxygen
C. C6H12O6 containing radioactive oxygen D. NO2 containing radioactive oxygen
_____ A plant leaf was soaked in a 15% sugar solution, and its contents soon separated from the cell wall and formed a mass in the center of the cell. All of the following statements are true about this event, except that
A. the vacuole lost water and became smaller
B. the space between the cell wall and the cell membrane expanded
C. the vacuole contained a solution with lower water potential than that of the sugar solution D. the extracellular environment is hypertonic with respect to the cell’s interior
_____ The principal inorganic compound found in living cells is
A. carbon C. glucose
B. water D. oxygen
_____ Which wavelengths of light would be most effective for the conversion of radiant energy into the chemical energy of organic compounds in plants?
A. orange and red C. yellow and blue B. yellow and green D. red and blue
_____ Which of these treatments would increase the rate of sucrose transport into a cell? A. decreasing extracellular sucrose concentration
B. decreasing extracellular pH
_____ Which of the following processes includes all the others?
A. osmosis C. facilitated diffusion
B. diffusion across a membrane D. passive transport
_____ If an enzyme in a solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
A. add more of the enzyme C. add more substrate
B. add a noncompetitive inhibitor D. heat the solution to 90oC
_____ Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
A. they are able to maintain a lower cytoplasmic temperature B. high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary
C. their enzymes have high optimal temperatures
D. they use molecules other than proteins as their main catalysts
_____ Which of the following is a true distinction between heterotrophs and autotrophs? A. only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from their environment
B. cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs C. only heterotrophs have mitochondria
D. only autotrophs can nourish their cells with inorganic compounds
_____ Fossilized stromatolites
A. all date from 2.7 billion years ago B. formed around deep-sea vents
C. resemble structures formed by bacterial communities found today in hypersaline bays D. provide evidence that plants moved onto land around 500 million years ago.
_____ Which of the following took advantage of the presence of free O2 in Earth’s atmosphere? A. the evolution of aerobic cell respiration
B. the persistence of some animal groups in anaerobic habitats
C. the evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protected early algae from UV D. the evolution of multicellular prokaryotic organisms
_____ Coenzymes differ from enzymes in that coenzymes are
A. only active outside the cell C. smaller, such as vitamins
B. polymers of amino acids D. specific for one reaction
_____ The active site of an enzyme
