Natural Science 3 r

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Natural

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Natural Science

TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK

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Natural Science 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Antonio Brandi Fernández.

WRITER Carmen Gutiérrez MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle PROJECT EDITOR Geona Edwards EDITORS

Beatriz García Hipólito

M.ª Antonia Oliva Pérez-Andújar

PROOFREADING

Sheila Klaiber Vassilia Katte

ILLUSTRATIONS

Juan Carlos Carmona, Mar Ferrero, Carlos Gallego, Jose Luis Navarro, El Ojo del Huracán, Jorge Salas, José Santos, Carolina Temprado Battad

Natural

Science

TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK

PRIMAR

Introduction ... III

Worksheets

Your body ... 6

Your senses ... 14

Food and nutrients ... 22

Keeping healthy ... 30

Animals ... 38

Invertebrates ... 46

Animals and people ... 54

Plants ... 62

Animals and plants ... 70

Matter ... 78

Materials and machines ... 86

Energy and the environment ... 94

Answer key ... 102

Nombre Fecha

Introduction

Natural Science 3 Teacher’s Resource Book provides a wide variety of photocopiable worksheets designed to complement Natural Science 3

Student’s Book and Natural Science 3 Teacher’s Book. It is divided into 12 topics in order to cover the main concepts of both the National Curriculum and the curriculum established by the Community of Madrid.

These worksheets facilitate a flexible approach in the classroom. Students in the same class can be given different worksheets. Stronger students can expand on the material learnt in class. Weaker students can use the worksheets to revise. Alternatively, students can work together with stronger peers to complete the tasks. These worksheets can also be assigned as homework.

There are four categories of worksheets:

Reinforcement, Extension, Assessment and tests, and Investigate. Answer keys are provided at the back of this book.

Worksheets

Reinforcement worksheets

There are twelve double-page Reinforcement worksheets. These worksheets are designed to provide additional support for students in need of further practice. They can be used after the relevant section in the Student’s Book, before the Final activities sections, or as extra preparation for the Unit assessment. Depending on the students, they can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Student’s Books, in the classroom or at home, individually or in pairs.

Name Date

Food and nutrients INVESTIGATE

1 Which foods contain fat? Instructions

1. In pairs, select five or six different foods, for example, an apple, chips, a banana, biscuits, a carrot, bread or cheese. Cut them into pieces. 2. Cut some brown wrapping paper into five

10 cm squares. 3. Rub a piece of each food on a square until

it leaves a mark. Label the squares and allow them to dry.

4. When dry, hold the squares against the light. If there is a greasy spot, the food contains fat. Measure the diameter of each grease spot with a ruler. The size of the grease spot tells us how much fat there is in the food. 5. Complete the table.

food diameter

of grease spot fat no fat

6. Analyse your results and answer the questions. a. Which food leaves the biggest grease spot? b. Which is the food with the least fat? c. Which is the food with the most fat?

Photocopiable material © 2014 Santillana Educación, S.L. / Richmond Publishing Natural Science 3 29 1 Complete the sentences about healthy habits.

clean – sleep – posture – diet – exercise a. Get enough .

b. Keep your body . c. Do regular . d. Eat a healthy and balanced . e. Have good to look after your back. 2 Circle the healthy habits.

3 Read these sentences about doing exercise. Write T (true) or F (false). a. Exercise makes you more flexible. b. Team sports are not as healthy as individual sports. c. Exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger. d. By practising a team sport you learn to work in a group. e. Swimming is not very good for your lungs and heart.

4 Match the methods of preserving foods to the definitions. a. cooling It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food. b. adding preservatives You preserve food in the fridge or freezer to make it last longer. c. heating Some substances are added to foods so they do not go off. 5 Which of these foods are fresh and which are processed? Classify.

fresh processed

6 Write two sentences in the correct order.

hygiene Food is to prevent illness essential a.

ill make Dirty food can you b.

7 Use the code and find out a healthy habit.

• 5 A ≈ 5 C ∩ 5 D ∪ 5 E ∼ 5 F ♣ 5 G ◊ 5 H ⊃ 5 I ⊂ 5 L ★ 5 P ♦5 M ∧ 5 N ∨ 5 O ♠ 5 R ∅ 5 S ∗ 5 T ♥ 5 U ≅ 5 V ∴ 5 W ∆ 5 Y ≈◊⊃⊂∩♠∪∧ ∧∪∪∩ ∗∨ ∅⊂∪∪★ ∗∪∧ ◊∨♥♠∅ • ∩•∆ A B C D E F Natural Science 3 Natural Science 3

30 Photocopiable material © 2014 Santillana Educación, S.L. / Richmond Publishing Photocopiable material © 2014 Santillana Educación, S.L. / Richmond Publishing 31

Name Date

Keeping healthy REINFORCEMENT REINFORCEMENT

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Name Date Name Date

Your senses EXTENSION Your senses EXTENSION

Sign language

People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.

1 Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name with your hands. Take turns with a partner to spell out your name.

2 Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your name on a piece of card with the tip of a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your fingers. Exchange names with a partner. Guide dogs

Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind. They help blind people move from one place to another. They can help a blind person cross the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide dogs stay with their owners at all times. Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden Retrievers. They receive special training starting when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to do their job.

Guide dogs work approximately six years before they retire.

1 Write T (true) or F (false). a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see. b. They sometimes leave their owners alone. c. Their harness is just for decoration. d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs. e. They have a limited working life. 2 Complete the index card about guide dogs.

Job description: Most common breeds: Equipment: Years of service:

Guide dogs

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Extension worksheets

There are twenty-four Extension worksheets. These worksheets can be used for fast finishers or to expand on the material covered in class.

Investigate worksheets

There are twelve Investigate worksheets, one for each topic. These worksheets provide opportunities for students to carry out simple investigative tasks, either in the classroom or at home.

Tests

There are twelve multiple-choice tests, one for each topic. These tests are to be completed once the topic has been studied. The tests provide students the opportunity to revise the main concepts of each topic and to assess the knowledge they have acquired.

Answer key

An Answer key for all the worksheets is provided at the back of this Teacher’s Resource Book.

Assessment worksheets

There are twelve double-page Assessment worksheets, one for each topic. These worksheets can be given to students once the topic has been completed, as a revision test, or to check progress at any point during the year.

Name Date

Food and nutrients TEST

1 Carbohydrates and fats are examples of… a. proteins. b. nutrients. c. minerals. 2 Proteins are found in…

a. meat, fish and eggs. b. fruit and vegetables. c. bread, potatoes, rice and pasta. 3 Calcium…

a. is a very important protein. b. makes up your bones and helps you to grow. c. provides your body with energy. 4 A diet that gives you the right amount of nutrients is…

a. sufficient. b. active. c. balanced. 5 Your body obtains vitamins, minerals and fibre from…

a. fruit and vegetables. b. meat, fish and pulses. c. brown sugar, oil and butter. 6 Dairy products include…

a. bread and sugar. b. milk and yoghurt. c. bacon and eggs. 7 Wholegrain foods are healthier because they…

a. contain fibre. b. are grown on special farms. c. are made with healthy oils. 8 Your daily diet should include three…

a. pieces of fruit. b. snacks. c. processed foods. 9 You should eat…

a. three meals a day. b. four meals a day. c. five meals a day. 10 Experts think the Mediterranean diet is…

a. not traditional. b. very healthy. c. too oily.

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Natural Science 3113 Answer key

Answer key

ANIMALS AND PLANTS REINFORCEMENT

PAGE 70 1. Look and match the pictures to the areas.

A. grassland; B. forest; C. desert; D. shrubland. 2. Read and complete.

a. Trees grow in fertile soil with high humidity. Many trees together form a forest. b. Bushes grow in places with poor soil and low humidity.

An area dominated by bushes is a shrubland. c. Grasslands are areas with long periods of drought. Trees

and bushes are scarce because they need water all year round.

d. Deserts do not have much water and the soil is arid. There is little vegetation. Only plants that need little water can live in deserts. 3. Where do these animals live? Explain.

MA

Seabirds spend most of their lives over the sea. They only go to land to reproduce. Squirrels live most of the time in trees and swing from branch to branch. PAGE 71 4. Find and circle eight animals. Then, write.

s eabirdfp x snakelis z fwtqx isn s tar fisha squi rrel i ooctopus l

5. Classify these marine animals. They breathe through lungs: whales, seals, turtles. They breathe through gills: sharks, sardines, tuna. 6. Write T (true) or F (false).

a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T; f. F.

EXTENSION

PAGE 72

1. Read the text and circle the correct word. a. Tundras are found in the Arctic. b. In the summer, there are 24 hours a day of sunlight. c. The top layer of the soil is the permafrost. d. Winter in the Arctic tundra is extremely cold. e. Global warming is harming the Arctic tundra.

2. Search the Internet for three animal species from the Arctic tundra. Write what they eat. OA PAGE 73

1. Read the text and the table. Then, answer the questions. a. the sloth; b. the cheetah; c. on land; d. in the air. 2. Find your favourite animal on the Internet.

OA

ASSESSMENT

PAGE 74 1. Write the names of these areas.

A. desert; B. shrubland; C. forest; D grassland. 2. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the

false sentences. a. T; b. F; c. T; d. F; e. T. Pines, oaks and beeches are types of trees. Deserts are areas with arid soil and low humidity. 3. What is vegetation? Explain.

Vegetation is all the plants in an area, region or country. 4. Read and complete the words.

a. vegetation; b. drought; c. savannah; d. shrubland. PAGE 75

5. Read the text and complete. Some aquatic animals live in the sea. They are marine animals. Others live in fresh water, in lakes or rivers. Aquatic animals spend most of their lives in water. Many of them breathe in oxygen from the water through gills. Others come to the surface of the water to breathe in air, through lungs.

6. Circle the correct animal. a. bat; b. mussel; c. skater; d. snake; e. duck. 7. Read, then write the correct word.

a. trees; b. slither; c. underground.

TEST PAGE 76 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. b; 10. a. INVESTIGATE PAGE 77 OA ES0000000011251 607227_Solucionario_18094.indd 113 22/10/14 08:45

4 Read and complete the text about plant nutrition. carbon dioxide – photosynthesis – roots – raw sap

water – sunlight – elaborated sap – mineral salts Plants make their own food through . They absorb and from the soil through their

. This mixture is the . Plants also absorb and from the air. They then transform the raw sap into .

5 Find and circle five parts of the flower. Then, complete the sentences. p c o r o l l a e q yw q b p z t l p i s t i l a y s e p a l s l x t e i g f a s s t am e n s a. It is the female part of the flower. It contains the ovary. It is the . b. The are the small green leaves that protect the flower. c. The are the male parts of the flower. They produce pollen. d. The are coloured leaves. They form the . 6 Match the sentences to the life processes that plants carry out.

a. Plants make elaborated sap. b. The leaves and stems grow towards the light. c. Pollen is produced in the stamens. 1 Label the plant. Then, answer the question.

•  Is the stem of this plant woody or herbaceous? Explain. 2 Label the parts of the leaf. Then, read and tick (✓).

a. Classify the leaf according to the edge. smooth lobed jagged b. Classify the leaf according to the shape.

palmate heart-shaped needle-shaped 3 Read and complete.

ferns – gymnosperms – rhizoids – seeds – angiosperms – flowers – mosses Flowering plants produce with . The two main groups are , like apple trees, and , like pine trees.

and are non-flowering plants. The roots of mosses are called .

sensitivity nutrition reproduction

Natural Science 3 Natural Science 3

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Name Date

Plants ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT

1 _{Label the body parts.}

head

trunk limbs

2 _{Look at the diagram and write examples.}

a. an organ inside your head ▶ b. an organ inside your trunk ▶ c. a lower limb ▶ stomach leg heart lung brain intestines arm REINFORCEMENT Name Date

Your body

3 _{Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.}

a. We need energy and nutrients to live, and we get them from food. b. Nutrition provides your body with electricity and nutrients.

c. The process of nutrition allows us to detect and respond to changes in the environment.

d. Children look like their parents because they inherit their physical characteristics. e. We use our senses to get information about the environment.

f. Melanin protects your body from water.

4 _{Match the stages of life to the pictures.}

adolescence

old age childhood adulthood

•  Now, write the stages of life in order.

1st ₂nd

3rd ₄th

A B C D

1 _{Read the text and complete the sentences.}

a. Skin colour is controlled by .

b. The Sun harmful rays.

c. Skin colour depends on the of melanin.

d. Melanin the skin from the harmful rays of sunlight. e. People with lighter skin have melanin.

2 _{Search the Internet or magazines for photos of three famous people with different skin}

colour. Write their names and the continent they come from.

dark skin medium skin light skin

Why do people have different skin colour?

However, skin colour has also been influenced by the environment over thousands of years. There are many different skin colours today because people have adapted to different environments. The Sun gives us light and heat, but it also emits harmful rays. Some regions of the Earth receive more harmful sun rays than others. This difference directly affects skin colour.

Skin colour depends on how much melanin we have in our skin. Melanin is a brown pigment that works as a natural sun cream, and protects skin from the harmful rays of sunlight. Over time, people who moved to areas of less sunlight developed lighter coloured skin, and people who lived closer to the Equator had darker skin with more melanin.

Your body

Name Date

Broken bones

Bones are hard, strong and rigid, but they can sometimes break or fracture. However, broken bones can repair themselves. There are many different types of fractures. The most common type is a simple fracture, which happens when a bone breaks cleanly. In order to help bones heal correctly, it is important that they are realigned. Broken bones can be put back into position by a doctor. The bones are then immobilized with a plaster cast, so they can start to heal. Simple fractures usually take about 6 to 8 weeks to heal, although large bones take longer.

1 _{Write T (true) or F (false).}

a. Bones break because they are rigid. b. Bones can repair themselves.

c. The most common fracture is when a bone breaks into fragments. d. Broken bones need to be realigned before being immobilized. e. All fractures take about 6 to 8 weeks to heal.

f. A fracture of the femur takes the same time to heal as a fracture of the radius.

2 _{Have you ever broken a bone or do you know someone who has? Complete}

the medical card.

medical card Who broke a bone?

Which bone was it? How did they break it?

How many weeks did it take to heal?

Name Date

1 _{Classify the words.}

forehead – hand – leg – abdomen – foot – arm – thorax – back – face a. head ▶

b. trunk ▶ c. limbs ▶

2 _{Label the diagram.}

brain kidney lung bone stomach muscle

3 _{Draw two people and say how they are similar or different.}

a. sexual characteristics ▶ b. body constitution ▶ c. height ▶

d. personal traits ▶

Name Date

4 _{Complete the sentences.}

a. The life process of is the ability of living things to respond to changes in the environment.

b. During the life process of living things take in food and absorb essential nutrients.

c. The life process of is the ability of all living things to produce new living things of their own kind.

5 _{Number the stages of nutrition in the correct order.}

a. The nutrients travel through our body and give us energy and the substances we need to grow.

b. We take in food.

c. Our body expels waste.

d. We absorb nutrients from the food that our body needs.

6 _{Read and circle the correct description.}

•  Milk teeth fall out, and permanent teeth grow. •  A boy’s voice gets deeper. •  The first stage of life. •  Your body prepares to become an adult. •  Many changes take place. •  We can have children. •  Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are weaker. •  We grow very rapidly.

7 _{Write the four systems involved in nutrition.}

adolescence

adulthood

old age childhood

1 _{The main parts of the body are the head, the trunk and the…}

a. thorax. b. limbs. c. thighs.

2 _{To move your body, your muscles work together with your…}

a. bones. b. brain. c. lungs.

3 _{Melanin protects your body from…}

a. cold air. b. sunlight. c. pain.

4 _{Personal traits include…}

a. the colour of your eyes and hair. b. your body constitution.

c. your height.

5 _{During the process of nutrition, we first take in food. Then, …}

a. our body expels waste.

b. the nutrients travel through our body. c. we absorb nutrients from the food.

6 _{Thanks to reproduction, …}

a. we can have offspring.

b. our body can obtain nutrients. c. our brain can respond to changes.

7 _{We respond to changes in the environment through…}

a. nutrition. b. constitution. c. sensitivity.

8 _{Your milk teeth appear during…}

a. adolescence. b. childhood. c. adulthood.

9 _{During adolescence, your…}

a. body and mind change a lot. b. body is fully-developed. c. skin develops wrinkles.

10 _{Puberty is part of…}

a. adulthood. b. old age. c. adolescence.

Name Date

1 _{How much have you grown?}

Instructions

1. Work in small groups.

2. Find out how long you were when you were born.

3. Take turns and measure your height today.

4. Make two bar charts.

•   At birth: Write these measurements on the vertical axis: 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm and 70 cm. Write your names on the horizontal axis.

•   Today: Use the same format. Increase the measurements to 170 cm.

5. Compare your bar charts with other groups.

a. Who was the longest baby?

b. Who is the tallest student?

c. Is it the same classmate?

d. Who has grown the most?

e. How do you explain the answer to d?

Name Date

REINFORCEMENT

Name Date

Your senses

1 _{Unscramble the words and label the diagram.}

s i i r

t a n e r i a n c e o r u p l i p c p o t i e r e v n n e s l

2 _{Circle the five parts of the ear and complete the sentences.}

a u d i t o r

y n e

r v e e

a r c a n a l c o c h l e a s m a l l b one

s e ardrum

a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the .

b. The vibrates.

c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the three .

d. The sound then goes to the .

REINFORCEMENT 3 _{Read and complete the table.}

smell taste touch

The sense organ is…

It allows you to capture or identify…

4 _{Match the parts of the organs to their function.}

a. taste buds captures light

b. epithelium capture flavours of food c. touch receptors captures sound

d. retina distinguish hot or cold

e. cochlea captures smells

5 _{Label the diagram of the nose.}

Name Date

Your senses

Guide dogs

Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind. They help blind people move from one place to another. They can help a blind person cross the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide dogs stay with their owners at all times.

Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden Retrievers. They receive special training starting when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to do their job.

Guide dogs work approximately six years before they retire.

1 _{Write T (true) or F (false).}

a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see. b. They sometimes leave their owners alone. c. Their harness is just for decoration.

d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs. e. They have a limited working life.

2 _{Complete the index card about guide dogs.}

Job description:

Most common breeds: Equipment:

Years of service:

Name Date

Your senses

Sign language

People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.

1 _{Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name}

with your hands. Take turns with a partner to spell out your name.

2 _{Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your}

name on a piece of card with the tip of a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your fingers. Exchange names with a partner.

Name Date

Your senses

1 _{Write the five sense organs.}

2 _{Label the parts of the eye.}

3 _{Read and complete.}

eyelids – optic nerve – pupil – brain – sight a. The eyes are the sense organs of .

b. The , eyelashes and eyebrows protect the eyes. c. The is the hole in the centre of the iris though which light passes.

d. When we see an object, the information is sent to the through

the .

ASSESSMENT 5 _{Circle the correct word.}

a. The pinna / cochlea captures the sound.

b. The cochlea sends the sound through the ear canal / auditory nerve to the brain. c. The brain interprets / vibrates the information.

6 _{What part of your nose captures smells?}

7 _{Complete the sentences.}

a. Touch is the which allows you to identify characteristics of the objects around you.

b. The sense organ of touch is the .

8 _{Label the diagram of the skin.}

9 _{Write the corresponding sense organ.}

a. cochlea ▶ d. iris ▶

b. nasal cavity ▶ e. pupil ▶ c. taste buds ▶ f. auditory nerve ▶

Name Date

Your senses

1 _{We can only see if there is…}

a. light. b. sound. c. colour.

2 _{The eyes are…}

a. connected to the brain by the auditory nerve.

b. protected by the eyelids, the eyelashes and the eyebrows. c. made up of three parts.

3 _{The part of the ear that vibrates is the…}

a. eardrum. b. cochlea. c. pinna.

4 _{The auditory nerve takes the information to the…}

a. outer ear. b. inner ear. c. brain.

5 _{The sense organ of touch is…}

a. the finger. b. the skin. c. hair.

6 _{The smell receptors are in the…}

a. olfactory epithelium. b. olfactory bulb. c. nostrils.

7 _{Umami is…}

a. the most important taste bud. b. the fourth basic flavour.

c. a flavour found in strong cheeses.

8 _{You should not touch your eyes…}

a. in strong sunlight. b. in the swimming pool. c. with dirty hands.

9 _{When using headphones, you should…}

a. keep the volume low. b. keep the volume high. c. turn off the sound.

10 _{Doctors for children are called…}

Name Date

Your senses

1 _{What happens when you can’t see what you are tasting? And when you can’t see or}

smell what you are tasting?

Instructions

1. Work with a partner.

2. Your partner wears a blindfold.

3. Dip a plastic spoon in one of the foods and let your partner taste it. 4. Ask your partner to identify the food.

5. Repeat the experiment in a different order. This time your partner holds their nose. 6. Can you identify the food? Complete the table with the results. Take turns

and compare the results.

food blindfolded blindfolded and holding your nose

mustard orange juice

pineapple juice ketchup

mayonnaise _yoghurt

Name Date

Food and nutrients

1 _{Use the colour key and circle the words.}

give us energy ▶ red

help us grow ▶ blue keep us healthy ▶ green sardines – yoghurt – grapes – eggs – rice – olive oil – pasta – bacon –

milk – carrots – bread – butter – strawberries – lettuce – cheese

2 _{Label the food wheel. Write carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins,}

water and exercise, and calcium.

3 _{Why are water and exercise in the centre of the food wheel?}

4 _{Match and make correct sentences.}

a. A sufficient diet gives you the right amount of nutrients. b. A balanced diet gives you the right amount of energy.

REINFORCEMENT 5 _{Read and complete the sentences.}

a. You need f and c for energy.

b. You need p to grow.

c. You need v and m to be healthy.

d. You need f for your digestive system to work well.

6 _{Look at the food. Circle the nutrients they give you.}

7 _{Tick (✔ ) the correct sentence.}

a. Calcium is a mineral that makes up our bones. b. Carbohydrates make up our bones.

8 _{Circle the healthier food in each pair of words.}

oil / butter

cheese / milk grapes / biscuits sausages / chicken

croissant / bread tomato / pizza proteins minerals fibre carbohydrates carbohydrates proteins fibre fats proteins vitamins fats fibre

Name Date

Food and nutrients

Pizza, glorious pizza!

Pizza has been around for a long time! The Romans, for example, ate flatbread made of flour and water, and topped it with olive oil and herbs. When tomatoes were introduced from the New World, the people of Naples, in Italy, added them to their pizzas. One day in 1889, Queen

Margherita of Italy went to Naples and ordered a special lunch. The restaurant owner made

a pizza with the colours of the Italian flag to honour

the queen. He used tomatoes for red, mozzarella cheese for white

and basil for green. The queen loved it, so the dish was named Pizza Margherita.

Early in the 20th _{century, Italian immigrants to New York City started to make a new version}

of pizza which became very popular all over the United States. Today, pizza is an

international dish that can have many different toppings, such as tuna, mushrooms and olives.

1 _{Read the text and answer the questions.}

a. What ingredient did the people of Naples add to pizzas? b. What are the ingredients of Pizza Margherita?

c. Why is it called Pizza Margherita? d. Where is pizza eaten today?

e. What are some of the toppings pizza can have?

2 _{Draw and write about your favourite pizza.}

Name: Ingedients:

Main nutrients:

EXTENSION

Name Date

Food and nutrients

Food around the world

All around the world, people enjoy food which varies according to culture, availability and even religion. Some foods can be quite unusual. For example, Eskimos eat whale blubber, Japanese people eat raw fish, Canadians eat reindeer meat, Indonesian people eat monkey toes, and people in Thailand eat insects!

Food is not only important for nutrition. It is also part of many social celebrations. On New Year’s Day, people in China eat long noodles for long life. In other countries, people eat green, leafy vegetables as a symbol of economic success because their green leaves look like folded money. In other countries, people eat pulses, which look like little coins, and are also considered a symbol of money.

At weddings, Italians and Greeks serve sugar-coated almonds which, being both sweet and bitter, represent the highs and lows of marriage. Traditional wedding cakes in England contain fruits and nuts, symbols of fertility and good fortune.

1 _{Circle the correct words.}

a. Based on weather / culture, people eat different foods around the world. b. Reindeer meat / Raw fish is an unusual food eaten in Canada.

c. An unusual food eaten in Thailand is insects / monkey toes.

d. Foods like reindeer meat and insects mainly provide carbohydrates / proteins. e. In England, fruits and nuts are symbols of fertility / prosperity and good fortune.

2 _{Search the Internet for other foods for special celebrations.}

Then, complete the table.

Name Date

Food and nutrients

1 _{Read the sentences and match.}

a. This helps our digestive system work correctly. carbohydrates and fats

b. We need them to grow. fibre

c. We need them to stay healthy. proteins

d. They give us energy. vitamins and minerals

2 _{Is this a healthy breakfast? Explain.}

3 _{Circle the foods you should eat every day.}

4 _{What nutrients does each of these foods contain?}

a. yoghurt ▶ d. green peppers ▶

b. olive oil ▶ e. lentils ▶

c. bread ▶ f. pasta ▶

5 _{Cross out the odd food in each food group.}

ASSESSMENT 6 _{How much should you eat? Write more or less.}

a. If you are overweight, you should eat . b. If you are underweight, you should eat . c. If you do a lot of exercise, you should eat . d. If you are old, you should eat .

e. If you are young, you should eat .

7 _{Find and circle four nutrients. Then, write.}

r x p v d s m z s o g i l a i v p r o t e i n s g s w a e t e b f k t m x y r p y i p i a n a j r t a n q d l w f a t s l c s o •  Which main nutrient is missing from the word search?

8 _{Cross out the least healthy food for each meal. Write a healthier option.}

a. Breakfast: orange juice, toast, cereal, a piece of cake.

b. Lunch: salad, chicken, chips, peas.

Name Date

Food and nutrients

1 _{Carbohydrates and fats are examples of…}

a. proteins. b. nutrients. c. minerals.

2 _{Proteins are found in…}

a. meat, fish and eggs. b. fruit and vegetables.

c. bread, potatoes, rice and pasta.

3 _Calcium…

a. is a very important protein.

b. makes up your bones and helps you to grow. c. provides your body with energy.

4 _{A diet that gives you the right amount of nutrients is…}

a. sufficient. b. active. c. balanced.

5 _{Your body obtains vitamins, minerals and fibre from…}

a. fruit and vegetables. b. meat, fish and pulses. c. brown sugar, oil and butter.

6 _{Dairy products include…}

a. bread and sugar. b. milk and yoghurt. c. bacon and eggs.

7 _{Wholegrain foods are healthier because they…}

a. contain fibre.

b. are grown on special farms. c. are made with healthy oils.

8 _{Your daily diet should include three…}

a. pieces of fruit. b. snacks. c. processed foods.

9 _{You should eat…}

a. three meals a day. b. four meals a day. c. five meals a day.

10 _{Experts think the Mediterranean diet is…}

Name Date

Food and nutrients

1 _{Which foods contain fat?}

Instructions

1. In pairs, select five or six different foods, for example, an apple, chips, a banana, biscuits, a carrot, bread or cheese. Cut them into pieces.

2. Cut some brown wrapping paper into five 10 cm squares.

3. Rub a piece of each food on a square until it leaves a mark. Label the squares and allow them to dry.

4. When dry, hold the squares against the light. If there is a greasy spot, the food contains fat. Measure the diameter of each grease spot with a ruler. The size of the grease spot tells us how much fat there is in the food. 5. Complete the table.

food _{of grease spot}diameter fat no fat

6. Analyse your results and answer the questions. a. Which food leaves the biggest grease spot? b. Which is the food with the least fat?

1 _{Complete the sentences about healthy habits.}

clean – sleep – posture – diet – exercise

a. Get enough .

b. Keep your body .

c. Do regular .

d. Eat a healthy and balanced .

e. Have good to look after your back.

2 _{Circle the healthy habits.}

3 _{Read these sentences about doing exercise. Write T (true) or F (false).}

a. Exercise makes you more flexible. b. Team sports are not as healthy as individual sports. c. Exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger. d. By practising a team sport you learn to work in a group. e. Swimming is not very good for your lungs and heart.

A B C

D _E F

Name Date

4 _{Match the methods of preserving foods to the definitions.}

a. cooling It helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.

b. adding preservatives You preserve food in the fridge or freezer to make it last longer. c. heating Some substances are added to foods so they do not go off.

5 _{Which of these foods are fresh and which are processed? Classify.}

fresh processed

6 _{Write two sentences in the correct order.}

hygiene Food is to prevent illness essential

a. ill

make Dirty food can you b.

7 _{Use the code and find out a healthy habit.}

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1 _{Put the words in order to make sentences. Then, find and underline}

these sentences in the text.

a. hours / to sleep / need / a night / ten / Children.

b. dreams / In one night, / four to seven / have / can / we.

c. always / We / our / do / dreams / not / remember.

2 _{Koalas sleep 22 hours a day! Search the Internet and find how many hours}

your favourite animal sleeps.

3 _{Keep a dream journal for a week. Write your dreams and share them with your}

classmates.

Sleeping and dreaming

Sleep is very important for keeping healthy. When we sleep enough we can pay better attention at school, be in a good mood and solve problems more efficiently. Children need to sleep ten hours a night.

Everybody dreams every night. In one night, we can have four to seven dreams. The things we dream about can be related to our friends and family, our favourite TV shows, or something we are happy or

worried about. We do not always remember our dreams. We forget most of our dreams when we wake up.

Animals dream, too. Have you ever watched a dog while it is sleeping? Dogs move their paws when they sleep like they are running.

Keeping healthy

Name Date

Visiting an art museum

One great option for a leisure activity is visiting an art museum.

Art museums display paintings and sculptures.

Most famous art museums are located in big cities. The Prado Museum is in Madrid. The Louvre Museum is in Paris. The Tate Gallery is in London. The Museum of Modern Art is in New York. Art museums look after their paintings carefully because they are of great historical and cultural interest. Many

paintings are hundreds of years old.

Many people work in art museums. The director runs the art museum and is in charge of all the employees. Art restorers repair damaged paintings so that they are in perfect condition. Security guards protect the paintings which are displayed in the museums.

1 _{Read the text and answer the questions.}

a. What is an art museum?

b. Why do art museums look after their paintings?

c. What does an art restorer do?

d. What does a security guard do in an art museum?

e. Think of an art museum you have visited. What type of paintings did you see?

Keeping healthy

Name Date

1 _{Who is looking after their health? Write H (healthy) or N (not healthy).}

2 _{Tick (✔ ) the good posture.}

3 _{Match to make sentences about healthy habits.}

a. We need to exercise our backs. b. We must eat enough water.

c. We need to look after hours of sleep a night. d. We need ten regularly.

e. We must drink a healthy and balanced diet.

4 _{Complete the sentences with the correct words.}

energy – rest – healthy – tired – ill – recover – sleep a. After a busy day, we feel .

b. Sleep keeps our body and gives it . c. Sleep also helps us to .

d. Children need to ten hours a day. e. People who sleep badly get . f. We need to after a long day.

Name Date

5 _{Give two examples of natural foods and two of processed foods.}

a. natural foods ▶ b. processed foods ▶

6 _{What stages does the food go through? Complete the words and match.}

f i

s p

7 _{Read the sentences and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false}

sentences.

a. Playing electronic games is a leisure activity. b. Physical exercise is not good for your heart.

c. You must brush your teeth after every meal to avoid tooth decay. d. You must wash your hands only once a day.

e. Pulses and cereals need preserving.

f. Heating, cooling and adding preservatives are methods to preserve food.

A B C

1 _{Physical exercise is good for your…}

a. body. b. mind. c. body and mind.

2 _{When you are sitting or walking, …}

a. you should keep your back straight. b. do not carry weight.

c. remember to keep quiet.

3 _{Hygiene means keeping your body…}

a. rested. b. straight. c. clean.

4 _{You should brush your teeth for about…}

a. thirty seconds. b. two minutes. c. five minutes.

5 _{For good food hygiene, it is important to…}

a. wash your hands before every meal. b. eat natural foods at every meal. c. eat quickly at every meal.

6 _{Foods that do not need preserving include…}

a. pulses. b. meat. c. frozen foods.

7 _Heating…

a. is called refrigeration.

b. means adding preservatives.

c. helps to eliminate organisms that spoil food.

8 _{Leisure activities are things we do…}

a. in our free time. b. at school. c. at work.

9 _{Electronic games can be educational…}

a. so we should play them all the time. b. but we should do other activities as well. c. but we should never play them.

10 _{Children need to sleep…}

a. six hours a day. b. eight hours a day. c. ten hours a day.

Name Date

Food and teeth

Egg shell is very similar to tooth enamel. We can use it to see how different liquids can damage tooth enamel.

Instructions

1. Work in groups.

2. Each group has 3 pieces of clean egg shell, 3 jars, water, some lemon juice and some cola drink.

3. Put a piece of egg shell in a jar with water, another in a jar with lemon juice and another in a jar with the cola drink.

4. Label the three jars.

5. Leave them on a shelf for a week and observe how the pieces of shell change. 6. Complete the table.

water lemon juice cola drink Does the colour change?

Are there any stains?

Is the piece of shell weaker?

7. Compare the results and answer the questions. a. Which shell changed colour the most? b. Which shell was the most damaged?

c. Do you think these liquids would affect your teeth in the same way?

Name Date

1 _{Read the definitions and match.}

a. These animals eat plants. scavengers b. These animals eat meat. omnivores c. These animals feed on dead animals. carnivores d. These animals eat animals and plants. decomposers e. These animals feed on decaying matter. herbivores

2 _{Classify the vertebrates.}

3 _{Complete the table.}

mammals birds fish reptiles amphibians

body covering reproduction breathing

mammals birds fish reptiles amphibians

Name Date

4 _{Find five vertebrates. Then, complete.} d e j m q a k t o c h a m e l e o n e j m i o i h r n h l x a s z c t l i g u a n a u o o r u e j m r b i p u z b c v d u s e i a i s n a k e e

These animals are all r .

5 _{Match the bird group to the examples.}

a. flightless bird duck

b. waterfowl eagle

c. bird of prey canary

d. songbird penguin

6 _{Look at the pictures and answer the questions.}

a. What process is this?

b. What animals undergo this process? c. What are the babies called?

▶ ▶ ▶

Animal talk

Animals do not talk like people, but they still communicate with each other. For example, birds sing and chirp, dogs bark, cats meow and lions roar. The blue whale is not only the largest animal

on Earth, but also the loudest. Blue whales emit very loud and repetitive sounds that travel many kilometres underwater. The call of a blue whale can reach up to 188 decibels. This is much louder than a jet engine, which is about 140 decibels. Human shouting is 70 decibels.

Sounds over 120 decibels are painful to our ears.

1 _{Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.}

a. Blue whales are the largest and loudest animals on Earth. b. Their sounds can be heard from very far away.

c. A decibel is a unit for measuring distance.

d. The sound of a jet engine is louder than the call of a blue whale. e. Blue whale sounds can be painful to our ears.

2 _{Use the code to find out how animals communicate.}

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Animals

Name Date

How animals protect themselves from the cold

shorter and the temperatures drop. So, animals need to protect

themselves from the cold. Some animals, such as rabbits, dogs, cats and polar bears, grow thicker fur to keep themselves

warm. Some animals hibernate. This means they sleep during the coldest months of the year. For example, squirrels, bears, turtles, bats and frogs hibernate and sleep all winter.

Some animals migrate. This means they travel long distances to find warmer climates. For example, storks, antelopes, whales, swallows and ducks migrate.

1 _{Write a definition for these words.}

Hibernate:

Migrate:

2 _{Use the colour key and circle the illustrations.}

migrate ▶ blue hibernate ▶ red Name Date

Animals

1 _{Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.}

2 _{What group do these animals belong to?}

3 _{Tick (✔ ) the correct options.}

All mammals:

a. have bones. b. drink their mother’s milk. c. are born from their mother’s womb. d. can walk when they are born.

4 _{Write an example of each type of animal.}

marine mammal flying mammal primate

5 _{Read and circle the mistakes. Then, write the correct words.}

Reptiles are viviparous animals. They breathe through gills.

Their skin is covered with hair. Most of them live on land and slither.

A B C D E

Name Date

6 _{Complete the sentences with Fish or Amphibians.}

a. have bare skin.

b. breathe only through gills.

c. breathe through lungs and their skin.

7 _{Circle the word related to birds in each pair.}

animals – plants vertebrate – invertebrate feathers – fur wings – fins oviparous – viviparous

8 _{What animal is it?}

This animal is different when it is young and when it is an adult. When it is born, it lives in water, breathes through gills and has a tail. When it is an adult, it can live on land, it breathes using lungs and has legs.

It is a .

9 _{Write the name of two animals which match the descriptions.}

a. They breathe through lungs. ▶  b. They breathe through gills. ▶ 

c. They have scales. ▶ 

d. They move using fins. ▶ 

10 _{Complete the table.}

mammals reptiles birds fish amphibians They breathe through…

Their body is covered with…

They move using… Their reproduction is…

1 _{Through the process of nutrition, animals obtain…}

a. energy. b. information. c. offspring.

2 _{Animals that feed on dead animals are…}

a. herbivores. b. vertebrates. c. scavengers.

3 _{Carnivores…}

a. feed on decaying plant and animal matter. b. eat other animals.

c. eat food of plant and animal origin.

4 _{According to their type of reproduction, animals can be…}

a. oviparous or viviparous. b. mammals or birds. c. aquatic or terrestrial.

5 _{All vertebrates have…}

a. a spinal column. b. legs. c. an exoskeleton.

6 _{Mammals are viviparous because…}

a. they like milk.

b. they are born from their mother’s womb. c. they breathe air through their lungs.

7 _{Dolphins and whales are…}

a. cetaceans. b. fish. c. oviparous.

8 _{All birds are oviparous. This means that they…}

a. can sing to communicate. b. have got webbed feet. c. are born from eggs.

9 _{Lizards, snakes, crocodiles and tortoises are…}

a. invertebrates. b. reptiles. c. carnivores.

10 _{Fish are…}

a. aquatic vertebrates that breathe through lungs. b. aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills. c. aquatic invertebrates with bare skin.

Name Date

1 _{How can you classify animals? Make an index card.}

Instructions

1. Work in groups of four.

2. Search the Internet for information about an exotic animal. Draw the animal or print out photographs and glue them onto separate pieces of card.

3. On the back of each card, write about your animal.

4. Play Guess the animal with a partner, using the information on the back of your cards. Habitat: Vertebrate / Invertebrate Food: Reproduction: Body covering: Movement: Animal name: Name Date

Animals

1 _{Write the groups of invertebrates. Then, match them to the correct pictures.}

a. They are simple aquatic invertebrates. They live attached to rocks. Their bodies are full of pores and are sac-shaped.

They are .

b. They have got poisonous tentacles and jelly-like bodies. Jellyfish are in this group.

They are .

c. They have got long, soft bodies and no legs. Thy live in soil, in water or inside other bodies.

They are .

d. Mussels, octopuses, squids and snails are in this group of invertebrates.

They are .

e. They are marine animals. Their skeleton is made of hard plates. Starfish and sea urchins are in this group.

They are .

f. They have got an articulated exoskeleton made up of external plates. Insects, arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods are in this group.

They are .

2 _{Circle the correct word.}

Invertebrates haven’t got a skeleton / spinal column.

REINFORCEMENT

Name Date

3 _{Circle the correct words.}

a. Worms, insects and spiders are vertebrates / invertebrates. b. Mussels have got shells / exoskeletons.

c. Crabs have got hard / soft exoskeletons.

d. Jellyfish and earthworms have got / haven’t got a hard covering.

4 _{Complete the crossword}

about insects.

DOWN ACROSS

1. These parts help insects feel and smell. 4. This part contains wings and legs. 2. These hatch from eggs. 5. This part is divided into segments. 3. Invertebrates with six legs. 6. Insects fly with these.

5 _{Complete the sentences about molluscs.}

Molluscs have got bodies. Most of them have got one or two to protect their bodies.

Most of them are , like clams, but some are , like snails and slugs.

6 _{Write one or two examples of each.}

a. molluscs that have got two shells b. molluscs that have got a single shell

c. molluscs that have got limbs with suction cups

1 2 3 4 5 6 REINFORCEMENT

1 _{Unscramble the words and find some examples of cephalopods.}

d s u i s q s h u c t i t l f e o t c p u o s e s

a. b. c.

2 _{Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.}

a. The octopus is one of the most intelligent invertebrates in the sea. b. Cephalopod means head-legs.

c. Octopuses move by jet propulsion.

d. Octopuses have an excellent sense of hearing. e. Octopuses have five tentacles.

Head-foot

Cephalopods are animals such as squids, octopuses and cuttlefish.

These sea creatures are unusual because their feet, which are actually long tentacles, surround their mouth and are attached to their heads. Cephalopod means head-foot.

Did you know that the octopus is one of the most intelligent of all the invertebrates in the marine world?

Octopuses also have excellent eyesight, although they cannot hear.

An octopus’s soft body looks like a large bag. It lives on the ocean floor, and its eight tentacles help it to move about and catch food. An octopus moves by jet propulsion: it sucks water in, then squirts it out of its head so fast that it moves through the water! Octopuses protect themselves in two ways. They squirt dark ink which blinds their enemies so they have time to escape. They also change the colour of their skin so that they blend in with their surroundings. This helps them hide from their enemies.

Invertebrates

Name Date

Honey bees

Honey bees are flying insects that form colonies and live in beehives. They work together for the good of the community, and each bee belongs to a specialized group according to its work.

In a beehive, there is one queen whose role is to lay eggs to produce new bees. Drones are male bees that mate with the queen.

Worker bees are the most numerous

group. When they are young, they stay in the beehive to look after it and defend it. When they are older, they fly outside to collect nectar and pollen from flowers to make honey for their food. They are able to indicate to other bees where to find pollen by performing a special dance.

Bees are necessary for plant reproduction because they transport pollen from one plant to another. They can visit over 2,000 flowers in a day!

1 _{Read the text and answer the questions.}

a. What is a beehive?

b. How many queens are there in a beehive?

c. What are drones?

d. What bees are in charge of collecting pollen and nectar?

e. Why are bees important for plant reproduction?

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abeja

Invertebrates

Name Date

1 _{What do all invertebrates have in common?}

2 _{Look at the illustrations and match.}

mollusc arthropod cnidarian worm sponge echinoderm

3 _{Circle the correct word. Then, write the sentences.}

a. Jellyfish have tentacles / legs. Their bodies look like jelly / rocks.

b. Worms have soft / hard bodies. They are short / long.

c. Molluscs have hard / soft bodies. They usually have shells / scales.

d. Spiders have eight / six legs. A B C D E F Name Date

Invertebrates

4 _{Label the parts of the fly.}

5 _{Number the illustrations in order.}

6 _{Write T (true) or F (false).}

a. Echinoderms live attached to rocks. b. Sponges can live on land and in water. c. Jellyfish have poisonous tentacles. d. All worms are aquatic.

7 _{Write the group of arthropods these invertebrates belong to.}

A B C D

A B C D

1 _{Invertebrate animals…}

a. always live in warm places with high humidity. b. haven’t got a spinal column.

c. have got long, soft bodies with no legs.

2 _{Sponges are…}

a. vertebrate animals that live in the sea.

b. aquatic invertebrates that live attached to rocks. c. marine arthropods.

3 _{Jellyfish are…}

a. sponges. b. vertebrates. c. cnidarians.

4 _{Earthworms live in…}

a. the sea. b. the soil. c. trees.

5 _Molluscs…

a. are oviparous invertebrates with soft bodies. b. can only live attached to rocks in the sea. c. have got very bright colours.

6 _{Starfish and sea urchins are…}

a. arachnids. b. echinoderms. c. arthropods.

7 _{Insects, arachnids, crustaceans and myriapods are all…}

a. arthropods. b. vertebrates. c. herbivores.

8 _{Arthropods have got…}

a. many legs.

b. an articulated exoskeleton. c. wings.

9 _{Insects’ bodies are divided into…}

a. head, thorax and abdomen. b. antennae, legs and wings. c. head, trunk and limbs.

10 _{Spiders have got…}

a. ten legs. b. eight legs. c. six legs.

Name Date

TEST

1 _{Where do live arthropods? Find them!}

Instructions

1. Look for small invertebrate animals that live near your school. Identify them and write down their names in the table below.

2. Some of them can bite or sting you, so don’t touch them. Instead, search the Internet for pictures of them.

3. Complete the table with their characteristics. name legs antennae articulated body wings head, thorax and abdomen exoskeleton other body protection

4. Classify your arthropods according to their characteristics. a. insects _▶ b. arachnids _▶ c. crustaceans _▶ d. myriapods _▶

Invertebrates

Name Date

Animals and people

1 _{Circle the foods that come from animals.}

2 _{What materials do we obtain from these animals? What things can we make}

with them?

a. Sheep give us . We can make .

b. Cows give us . We can make .

c. Silkworms give us . We can make .

3 _{Find seven animals that can be used for transport. Then, write.}

o x q e t s d a i p o t v d o g e l e p h a n t a l y m l d k e n a h o r s e v m m w d a o y b c a m e l e g a r e i n d e e r

4 _{Which things can you use for birdwatching? Colour the words.}

radio

REINFORCEMENT 5 _{Complete the sentences.}

extensive – raise – intensive – livestock

a. Farmers animals for their meat, milk, eggs or skins. This is

called farming.

b. In farming, animals live in the open and eat grass.

c. In farming, animals live fenced in and farmers feed them.

6 _{What kind of livestock farming is it?}

7 _{Match the animals to the types of livestock.}

poultry cattle sheep

pigs goats

Name Date

Animals and people

The Chinese calendar

The Chinese calendar is based on the phases of the Moon. The Chinese New Year is not always on the same date: it begins between the end of January and the middle of February.

The Chinese calendar follows a 12-year pattern. Each year is named after an animal. According to legend, Buddha invited all of the animals to join him for a New Year’s celebration, but only 12 animals appeared. To reward these animals,

Buddha named a year after each one. The first year was the Year of the Rat. The second year was the Year of the Ox. This was followed by the Year of the Tiger, and the years of the Rabbit, Dragon,

Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and finally,

the Pig. According to Chinese tradition, people have the characteristics of the animal of the year when they were born.

1 _{Search the Internet to find the animal of this year’s Chinese calendar.}

Find and write a list of this animal’s characteristics.

2 _{Look at the calendar. In which year were you born? Which animal represents that}

year? Find out and write the characteristics you share with this animal.

Name Date

Animals and people

Groundhog Day

Groundhog Day is a holiday celebrated each year on the 2nd _{February, in the United}

States of America and Canada. In the States, thousands of people go to Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, to see this event. On this date, a special groundhog, called Phil, comes out of his burrow after hibernating all winter. Groundhog Phil predicts the weather for the rest of the winter. According to tradition, if it is sunny on the 2nd _{February and the groundhog sees}

its shadow, it returns to its burrow.

This means that winter weather will continue for six more weeks. If it is cloudy and the groundhog doesn’t see its shadow, it means that spring weather will arrive soon.

1 _{Match these words from the text to their definitions.}

a. groundhog forecast

b. burrow be in a dormant condition in the winter months c. hibernate a dark shape produced when light is blocked d. predict a small, brown, furry animal with short legs

e. shadow a hole or tunnel in the ground where a small animal lives

2 _{Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.}

a. Groundhogs hibernate in winter.

b. On Groundhog Day, a groundhog predicts the weather for summer. c. If the groundhog sees its shadow, it means the end of winter.

Name Date

Animals and people

1 _{Write the benefits we obtain from these animals.}

a. sheep b. cows c. bees d. silkworms e. pigs f. chickens

2 _{Look and match.}

intensive farming

extensive farming

3 _{Read and complete the sentences.}

B is the farming of bees to obtain h and wax. P is the farming of fish for food.

ASSESSMENT 4 _{Complete the sentences about sheep farming.}

a. A male sheep is a: r . b. A baby sheep is a: l . c. A female sheep is a: e . d. A person who takes care of

sheep is a: s . e. S means to

cut off a sheep’s wool.

f. The place where sheep are kept at night is a: p .

5 _{Read and write T (true) or F (false).}

a. Leather is made by tanning animal skins. b. Livestock farming means animal farming.

c. There are only two types of livestock farming: cattle and sheep. d. Birdwatching is a hobby.

Name Date

Animals and people

1 _{These days, a lot of food from animals is obtained…}

a. by keeping bees in beehives. b. by hunting wild animals.

c. by livestock farming and fishing.

2 _{The two types of animal farming are…}

a. livestock and extensive farming. b. extensive and intensive farming. c. intensive and livestock farming.

3 _{From animals, people obtain materials for clothing such as…}

a. wool, leather and silk. b. leather, plastic and iron. c. cotton, hemp and silk.

4 _{Leather is made…}

a. with animal skins.

b. with milk, eggs and honey. c. with animal hairs.

5 _{Common types of livestock are…}

a. insects and myriapods.

b. cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and poultry. c. cows, sheep, pigs, sharks and insects.

6 _{Beekeeping is the farming of bees in order to obtain…}

a. meat and honey. b. honey and wax. c. wool and wax.

7 _{Most poultry is raised by…}

a. extensive farming. b. intensive farming. c. zoologists.

8 _{People who vaccinate animals to prevent illnesses are…}

a. shepherds. b. farmers. c. vets.

9 _{When wool is cut off a sheep, we call it…}

a. shearing. b. herds. c. flock.

10 _{Books that help you to identify different types of animals are called…}

Name Date

Animals and people

1 _{In your notebook, draw squares for each method of producing hens. Draw the hens}

inside. Add the outdoor space where it corresponds. Then, answer the questions. a. Which hens live in the most crowded space?

b. Which hens can spend time outside?

2 _{Look at the prices of different eggs in a supermarket and write them.}

Egg labels

Look closely at an egg box next time you buy some eggs. You can find a number which indicates the method of production:

0 = organic egg production. The indoor space is 1 m2 _for

6 hens. The outdoor space is 4 m2 _{for each hen. Hens}

eat freely outside.

1 = free-range eggs. The indoor space is 1 m2 _{for 9 hens.}

The outdoor space is 4 m2 _{for each hen.}

2 = indoor farming. The indoor space is 1 m2 _{for 9 hens.}

The hens are not kept in cages.

3 = cage farming. The indoor space is 1 m2 _{for 18 hens.}

The hens are kept in cages.

0: 1: 2: 3:

a. Which eggs are the most expensive? b. Which eggs are the cheapest?