Good Morning!
• Review Session and Questions
• Unit One Test
• Diffusion Societies: Indo-Europeans and Mediterranean Trade
• Script Development: Storyboard Processing
• Diffusion Societies: Nubia and Hebrews
• “Infectious Alternatives”
• Diffusion Empires: Assyrians, Persians, Vedic
15 min. Questions, Jeopardy
•
A.T.D.Q.!!!!!!
•
Context
•
Thesis
•
Structure
•
Logic
•
Evidence
• Longitude vs. latitude • Sourcing issuesTest
• Have notes availableon your desk; I’ll check them rapidly when you are taking the test.
• Essay: don’t forget:
– ATDQ!!! – Intro paragraph: • Context • Thesis: summary of main ideas – Body paragraphs (MEL) • Main idea • Evidence
• Logic: how the
evidence supports the main idea
Unit Two: People on the Move
•
Who: Pastoral Nomads and Settled
Civilizations
•
What: Migration and Trade leads to
cultural diffusion and empire-building
•
Where: Central Asia, Mediterranean,
South Asia, North Africa, China
Unit Two: People on the Move
• What led to diffusion (spread of culture)?• What led to the development of new belief systems?
• What systems did early empires use to unify their possessions?
Diffusion
Minoans, 2000-1450 BCE
The benefits of Crete
Gender issues:
Mother-Goddess and
rank
Bull-leaping and
human sacrifice
Why the collapse?
•
Volcano, MycenaeansThe Indo-Europeans
• Nomads of the Asian steppes
• Pastoral
– Cattle, sheep, and goats
• Used horses and chariots in battle
• Spoke a common language that is
Indo-Europeans
• 1700-1200 BCE Waves of Migrations – Grazing land dried up?
– Population overload?
– Escape invaders or disease?
• Just some of the people included in the Indo-European family: Aryans, Hittites,
Mycenaean Greeks, Germans, Celts, Slavs • The movement of these people increased
warfare and conquests, but also increased trade and cultural diffusion
Indo-Europeans: Hittites
• Mesopotamian culture • Chariots and Iron
Phoenicia, 1200-500 BCE
•
Murex Dye
•
City-states: Tyre
•
Alphabet
•
Colonization and Sicily
•
Assyrian conquests lead to Carthage
– Diversity
– Government – Naval power
Diffusion and Faith
Nubia and Judaism
Egyptian Influence
• Hyksos with chariots conquer
• Hatshepsut and trade with Nubia on Red Sea
• Ca. 1200s, invasions of the “Sea Peoples”
• Cultural diffusion with
Egypt
– Hostages, merchants, military
– Piye/Piankhi of Nubia, 700s BCE, cult of Amon
– Taharqua, 690-664 BCE, Amon and trade, but fought Assyrians…
I. The Origins A. Semites B. From Arabian desert to Mesopotamia II. Monotheism A. Abram-Abraham (ca. 2000 BCE) B.Yahweh C. Covenant
The Hebrews in Egypt
Came from
Canaan/Palestine (drought)
Were probably in Egypt for hundreds of years
Were there at time of Akhenaten, father of “Tut-ankh-amon”
III. Establishment of the Jewish kingdoms
A. Treated well B. Enslaved
C. Departure from Egypt (ca. 1300-1200 BCE) D. Moses
E. New Covenant: The Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments: One
version
I am the only God you will worship
You will make no idols (graven images) You will not take My Name in vain
Keep the Sabbath day holy Honor your father and mother You will not commit adultery You will not murder
You will not steal
You will not lie about your neighbor
IV. The Kingdoms
A. 12 Tribes and Judges (Deborah) B. The Torah is written down
C. Saul and David establish Israel and Jerusalem D. Height during Solomon (ca. 962-922 BCE)
1. Trade
2. The Temple E. Split into Judah and Israel
F. Assyrians come calling (700s BCE)
Infectious Alternatives (14)
Hebrew ideas of one God, all powerful, who demanded obedience to His laws, spread throughout most of Western Asia and the
Mediterranean region in what was known as the “Diaspora”.
This happened even though the Hebrews were eventually forced out of their homelands by
others with different gods.
Why did the Hebrews “hold on” to their belief in one God?
1. Why would the Assyrian king view Judah as
insignificant ?
2. What were the two competing Hebrew
explanations for the Assyrian victory over Israel ?
3. How did the Judah exiles of 586 BCE react to
their situation ?
4. Why does it matter that the Assyrians were
unable to capture Jerusalem in 701 (Hint: how did the Hebrews explain this surprising failure) ?
5. How might Hezekiah have stopped the Assyrians,
even if Yahweh was not involved ?
6. What do you think is the main idea of this piece of
Unification: Assyrians and Persians
□
What ways had been used by states to unify
conquered areas?
Documents-Based Question: 19-21
□ Assyrian methods
■ Explain one
□ Quotations from docs
■ Explain another
□ Quotations from docs
□ Persian methods
■ Explain one
□ Quotations from docs
■ Explain another
Diffusion Empires:
Assyrians, Persians, Aryan Vedic India
Assyrians, 911-612 BCE
□ Institution of kingship: gods chose the ruler but king
consulted gods consistently
□ Methods of conquest
■ Professional soldiers with
siegecraft
■ Iron weapons
■ Intense brutality and mass
deportations
□ Never found effective way to hold lands: used tribute system
Persians
• Overthrow of Assyria
– Retained postal system,
– satrap feudalism: local governors
• Persian innovations – Crucifixion – toleration of beliefs – Royal Road, – intermarriage • Persian beliefs
– Zoroastrianism: good vs. evil, final battle coming
1500-250
BCE
Vedic Beliefs
Originated in India from a blend of Aryan (Indo-European nomad
invaders) and Dravidian (local Indians) beliefs
Vedic Beliefs
• The Vedas:
– Oral tradition as far back as 6500 BC – Written in Sanskrit around 1000 BC – 1028 Hymns to Aryan Gods
Varna
(Social Hierarchy)
Shudras Vaishyas Kshatriyas
Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables Brahmins
Basic Beliefs of Vedic
• SAMSARA: Continuous cycle of birth, death
and rebirth (reincarnation) because of
attachment to the material world. Atmans are
never destroyed. Vegetarianism a natural
Basic Beliefs of Vedic
KARMA: Total of actions a
human soul (atman) carries
with it from life to life
• Believe that when people die,
the soul leaves the body and is
reborn into another body.
• You become what you do,
lessons must be learned
• Success is not important, good
tries are
Basic Beliefs of Vedic
DHARMA: Sacred (holy) duty or
moral responsibility
• believe they have an
INDIVIDUAL, caste-based
Unification
□
Egypt (religion, cultural diffusion)
□
Babylon (mass deportations, laws)
□
Aryans (caste, belief systems)
□
Hebrews (religion, religious practices)
□
Shang Dynasty (military domination,
monopoly on bronze weapons)
Developments in
China
Unifying and Administering
China
Overthrow of the Shang
• Shang Dynasty used bronze and
chariots to dominate China
• The Shang became corrupt and weak
over time.
• The Zhou Dynasty justified their
overthrow of the Shang by claiming
the Mandate of Heaven (wise and
Feudalism
• A system of government in which a
leader rules a large area by dividing it
into territories and running each
territory with local lords.
• Examples: Persian satrapies, Zhou
Zhou Rule
• Cities, trade and coins, metalworking, farm improvements
• Challenge of Governing
• Two Capitals
• Feudalism
• Period of warring states
Zhou Feudalism
You will be placed in a feud of 3-5 people.
You will attempt to increase power.
