Current situation of municipal waste management in the 10 selected MS, key problems and challenges identified
High level seminar
Project information
− Project is running 18 months (start November 2011, end June 2013)
− General project objective
− Monitoring the practical implementation and enforcement of EU waste legislation at national level and
− Developing country specific support for 10 Member States to improve implementation
− Tasks and outputs
− Development of screening criteria for assessing waste management performance of EU-27 including stakeholder consultation on methodology
− Screening Report, selection of 10 Member States with largest implementation gaps
− Preparation of factsheets on national/regional waste management systems, including stakeholder consultation
− Preparation of roadmaps (detailed country assessment, problem analysis and preparation of recommendations), including stakeholder consultation
Municipal waste generation [EUROSTAT 2012] as available for 2010 10 MS selected EU 27
Total amount of MW generated per capita (in kg) 304 – 457 502
Treatment rates [EUROSTAT 2012] as available for 2010 10 MS selected EU 27
Recycling rates of municipal waste (in %) 0.0 – 34.1 24.9
Composting rates of municipal waste (in %) 0.0 – 9.5 14.7
Recovery rates of municipal waste including incineration with
energy recovery (in %) 0.0 – 18.3 17.2
Incineration rates of municipal waste (incineration without energy
recovery) (in %) 0.0 – 1.0 -
Disposal rates of municipal waste (in %) 50.7 – 100 38.2
Rate of biodegradable waste going to landfills (in %) 63.9 – 93.6 -
Screening and detailed country analysis – main findings
In 2011, some of the 10 MS could report already higher composting and recycling rates and reduced their shares in landfilling municipal waste
− Waste treatment largely diverting from the waste hierarchy
− Still high reliance on landfilling, partly overcapacities exist
− Lack of modern collection and treatment infrastructure
− Sub-optimal use of funding
− Partly ‘low quality’ MBT facilities
− Progress in closure and recultivation of illegal landfills over past years, in some MS still illegal landfills exist
Screening and detailed country analysis – main findings
− High share of biodegradable waste going to landfill
− Most of the 10 MS did not reach the reduction targets of the Landfill Directive
− Lack of enforcing national strategies
− Lack of separate collection
− Insufficient separate collection
− Most systems are in the (early) developing phase
− Limited infrastructure and its convenience made available to the public and
households (lack of civic amenity sites, rarely door-to-door collection, often only voluntary bring systems available in urban areas)
− Limited number of pilot projects on suitable options
− Generally only available for packaging waste and paper
− Often co-mingled collection, therefore difficulties in quality for production of secondary raw materials
− Generally not available for bio-waste and other fractions
Screening and detailed country analysis – main findings
− Lack or poor use of economic instruments
− Generally low or no taxes on landfilling (municipal) waste
− Limited application of extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes
− Intransparent or monopolistic EPR schemes, not optimally controlled
− Scarce application of pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) schemes
Screening and detailed country analysis – main findings
− Deficits in enforcement, cooperation and communication
− Deficits in practical enforcement, inspections and control
− Need for harmonisation, cooperation and bundling of capacities
− Lack of support for local authorities
− Lack of awareness raising and communication
− NIMBY syndrome
− Problems with planning and practical implementation of WMPs
− Outdated WMPs in some MS, need for updates according to new requirements of the revised WFD
− Lack of data and information for good planning (e.g. on capacities available and planned, overview of waste flows)
− Lack of overview of measures and concepts to achieve the objectives and targets
− Reliability of statistics/reporting uncertainties
− Inconsistent data between statistical agency and MoE
− Reporting uncertainties on municipal waste generation and treatment
− Waste generation might be underestimated in some cases
− Household packaging waste is often not included in statistics on municipal waste
Screening and detailed country analysis – main findings
Roadmaps – main recommendations
− Introduce taxes on landfill/MBT/incineration to make recycling an economic option
− Significantly increase existing taxes to create incentives for recycling
− Use revenues to support separate collection, awareness raising and modern infrastructure focusing on
prevention, re-use and recycling
− Establish/improve and control separate collection systems
− Expand systems to door-to-door separate collection schemes as soon as possible
− Undertake pilot projects on separate collection
Roadmaps – main recommendations
− Initiate/intensify awareness raising and information designed for different target groups
− Bundle capacities via inter-municipal associations
− Harmonise systems in place and provide guidelines on administrative and practical approaches
− Support local authorities in setting up separate collection schemes and other
central tasks (e.g. tendering procedures) Source: http://www.awm-muenchen.de/index/abfuhrkalender/pdf.html
Roadmaps – main recommendations
− Extend and improve the monitoring and transparency of existing EPR schemes
− Intensify inspection and enforcement activities
− Update national and regional WMPs including measures how to achieve legally binding targets and objectives
− Enforce national strategies on bio-waste
− Revise statistics
− Use EU funding to finance infrastructure and initiatives related to the first steps of the waste hierarchy
ELV / Walkscreen
Guidance and best practice examples
− Awareness events and information exchange on EU waste legislation 2007 - 2011:
http://www.bipro.de/waste-events/
− EC Guidance on preparing a WMP:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/plans/pdf/2012_guidance_note.pdf
− EC Guidance on inspections and enforcement (guideline and manual):
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/inspections.htm
− EUROSTAT Guidance on reporting for all relevant legal pieces:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/waste/reporting/reporting_2013
− EUROSTAT Manual on waste statistics. A handbook for data collection on waste generation and treatment: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-RA-10-011/EN/KS- RA-10-011-EN.PDF
− Database of best practice approaches for municipal waste management (available in EN, FR, DE, RU): http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/abfallwirtschaft-e/best-practice-
