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Volume-5, Issue-2, April-2015
International Journal of Engineering and Management Research
Page Number: 675-680
Investigation in to the Use of Calcium Carbide Waste as a Partial
Replacement of Cement in Concrete
Sunusi Aminu Yunusa
M. Tech Student, Department of Structural Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai. INDIA
ABSRACT
This paper presents an experimental investigation in to the effect of calcium carbide waste in compressive strength and workability of concrete when use as partial replacement of cement in concrete. As part of preliminary test sieve analysis was carried out on fine and coarse aggregate to identify the zone and size of aggregate use in this research. Concrete mix design was carried out for concrete grade G20 in accordance to BS 5328:Part2; 1991(as per DOE, 1975). A total number of 36 concrete cubes of grade G20 was casted in which 18 cubes was tested at 14 days of curing and remaining 18 cubes was tested at 28days.The cubes was casted using 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% replacement of cement with calcium carbide
waste and slump test was carried out during casting to check the workability of each concrete mix. The results of workability test carried out show that the value are within the assume slump of 10-30mm in mix design and from the compressive strength test carried out on the specimens at 14 and 28days, it was found that 10% percentage replacement of cement with calcium carbide waste gives a satisfactory result therefore it is acceptable. It was also found that as the percentage of calcium carbide waste increased the water absorption of the mix increases.
Keywords--- Calcium carbide waste CCW, Compressive strength and Workability.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Building materials have an important role to play in the current modern age of technology, although their most important use is in construction activities, no field of engineering is conceivable without their use. The understanding of the properties of materials is essential in both the design and construction phases of any civil engineering or building project. When a building is constructed two main physical resources are involved, these are the materials necessary to form the various parts and technical ability to assemble the part in to an enclose. Initially, the materials employed were those which could most easily be obtained from the accessible area of the surface of the earth. During the initial or
conceptual design stage, consideration is given possible alternative locations and/ or layouts of the associated works and to preliminary assessment of suitable construction materials.
A modern life style alongside the advancement of technology has led to an increase in the amount and type of waste being generated, leading to a waste disposal crisis. This research try to tackle problem of the waste that is generated from construction field such as calcium carbide waste in the production of acetylene gas and calcium cyanamide. The main objective of this research work is to determine the compressive strength and workability of concrete when calcium carbide is used as a partial replacement of cement.
II.
METHODOLOGY
The material used for this research work are ordinary Portland cement, calcium carbide waste, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate correspond to zone 2 base on sieve analysis carried out as per BS 882 code and water using 0.63 W/C ratio obtained from mix design.Methodology for preparation of calcium carbide waste (CCW):calcium carbide waste was collected and
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which 18 cubes was tested at 14 days of curing and remaining 18 cubes was tested at 28days.the cubes was casted using 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% replacement of cement with calcium carbide waste and slump test was carried out during casting to check the workability of each concrete mix.
III.
PRIOR APPROACH
Many research has been conducted on pozzolanas obtained from agricultural waste materials such as rice shell, peanuts shell, groundnut shell, corn cob and coconut shell, have long demonstrated their effectiveness in producing high performance concrete. Artificial pozzolans such as rice husk ash, peanut shell, groundnut
shell, e.t.c have gained acceptance as supplementary cementing materials in many parts of world.Our surrounding environment is concern both interims of damages caused by extraction of a raw materials and carbon(vi) oxide emission during cement production in addition to high cost and price of cement in some countries which helped to generate the need to minimize cement consumption through the use of close substitutes. According to Duggal(2003),[5] the general factors
which affect the choice of materials(building materials) for a particular scheme is the climatic background, economic aspect, the rapid advance of constructional methods, the increasing introduction of mechanical tools and plants, and changes in the organization of the building industry may appreciably influence the choice of materials. To develop product of greater economy efficiency, it is important to compare the performance of similar kinds of materials under specific service conditions.
According to Nagataki(1994),[7] By product mineral admixtures such as fly ash, rice shell ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag are attracting much attention as materials that are not only contribute to improvement of concrete performance (for example, high strength, high durability and reduction of heat of hydration) but are also indispensible to the reduction of energy and carbon dioxide generate in the production of cement.
Calcium carbide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2, the pure material is
colourless, but most of sample have a colour ranging from black to grayish- white, depending on the grade. Its main use industrially is in the production of acetylene and calcium cyanamide. In order to dispose of or at least reduce the accumulation of certain kind of waste, it has been suggested to reuse some of these waste materials to substitute a percentage of theprimary material used in
concrete (cement). The recycling of these materials not only helps conserve natural resources but also help to solve growing waste disposal crisis.
The calcium carbide has a chemical formula of CaC2
From this reaction it was observe that calcium carbide waste contains some cement chemical composition.
IV.
OUR APPROACH
, when it react with water it produce ethylene (ethylene gas) and the by product is calcium oxide (Ca0), which is the one used for this research.
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Fig.1. Calcium carbide Fig. 2 Concrete cubes
Fig.3 Compressive strength test
A. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. RESULTS FOR TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE (Workability test)
The results of workability test carried out using slump test on concrete mix CCW was shown in table 1.1,the results show that the values are within the assumed slump range from mix design.
Table 1.1 workability test results Specimen identification no.
W/C ratio Slump (mm) specified Average actual slump (mm)
0% -G20 0.55 10-30 25
10%- G20 0.55 10-30 21
20%-G20 0.55 10-30 24
30%-G20 0.55 10-30 20
40%-G20 0.55 10-30 23
50%-G20 0.55 10-30 22
2. RESULTS FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTS ON CONCRETE CUBES
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Table.1.2 compressive strength test results for 14days. Cube identif icatio n mark Ag e of tes tin g (da ys) Wei ght of con cret e cub e (kg) Fai lur e loa d (K N) Comp ressiv e streng th of cubes (N/m m2 Avera ge comp ressiv e streng th (N/m m ) 2 De nsit y (kg /m ) 3 Re mar ks )
0% -G20
14 8.8 22
47 0
20.90 22.00 261 3.9 Con trol sam ple 8.3 65 50 0
22.20 247
8.5 8.6
20 51 0
22.70 255
4.1 10%-
G20
14 8.8 54
45 0
20.00 21.00 262 3.4 Atta ined the stre ngt h 8.6 14 48 0
21.30 255
2.3 8.5
13 46 0
20.40 252
2.4
20%-G20
14 8.3 83
38 0
16.90 248
3.9 Not attai ned 8.2 28 38 0
16.90 18.00 243 7.9 8.4
49 42 0
18.70 250
3.4
30%-G20
14 8.1 48
25 0
11.10 241
4.2 Not attai ned 8.0 23 27 0
12.00 11.40 237 7.2 8.3
39 25 0
11.10 247
0.8
40%-G20
14 7.9 70
13 0
5.80 236
1.5 Not attai ned 8.1 75 14 0
6.20 6.10 242 2.2 8.1
72 14 0
6.20 242
1.3
50%-G20
14 7.9 75
90 4.00 236
3.0 Not attai ned 8.0 00 11 0
4.90 4.43 237 0.4 8.0
55 10 0
4.40 238
6.7
Table.1.3compressive strength test results for 28days. Cube identif icatio n mark Ag e of tes tin g (da ys) Wei ght of con cret e cub e (kg) Fai lur e loa d (K N) Comp ressiv e streng th of cubes (N/m m2 Avera ge comp ressiv e streng th (N/m m ) 2 De nsit y (kg /m ) 3 Re mar ks )
s0% - 28 8.6 88 39.10 39.00 255 Con
G20 39 0 9.7 trol
sam ple 8.4 27 87 0
38.70 249
6.9 8.5
44 88 0
39.10 253
1.6 10%-
G20
28 8.3 31
63 0
28.00 28.00 246 8.4 Atta ined the stre ngt h 8.3 60 65 0
28.90 247
7.0 8.2
78 58 0
28.00 245
2.7
20%-G20
28 8.3 80
44 0
19.60 248
2.9 Not attai ned 8.8 77 31 0
13.80 18.00 263 0.2 8.4
42 46 0
20.40 250
1.3
30%-G20
28 8.2 68
25 0
11.10 244
9.8 Not attai ned 8.2 86 26 0
11.60 11.90 245 5.1 8.3
48 29 0
12.90 247
3.5
40%-G20
28 8.1 64
15 0
6.70 241
9.0 Not attai ned 8.0 20 15 0
6.70 6.40 237 6.3 8.2
32 13 0
5.80 243
9.1
50%-G20
28 7.9 88
70 3.10 236
6.8 Not attai ned 8.3 74
80 3.60 3.30 248 1.2 8.4
75
70 3.10 251
1.1
BCOMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS
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Chart.1.Average compressive strength with percentage replacement of CCW in 14days.
Chart.2 Average compressive strength with percentage replacement of CCW in 28days
V.
CONCLUSIONS
From the results of the current study, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. The calcium carbide waste is viable as partial replacement of cement in concrete as it gives the satisfactory results at 14 and 28days of curing respectively.
2. Calcium carbide waste possess the properties of ordinary Portland cement such as setting time, soundness, workability and strength.
3. Calcium carbide waste has effect on reducing the compressive strength when it exceed 10% replacement of cement in concrete.
4. The compressive strength decreases with an increase in the percentage of calcium carbide waste.
5. The acceptable replacement of calcium carbide waste is 10%.
0 5 10 15 20 25
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
AV
ER
AG
E C
O
M
PR
ES
SI
VE
ST
REN
G
TH
(N
/mm
2)
PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH CALCIUM CARBIDE WASTE
Average compressive
strength at 14 days
compressive strength
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
AV
ER
AG
E
CO
M
PR
ES
SI
VE
ST
REN
G
TH
(N
/m
m
2)
PERCENTAGE REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH CALCIUM CARBIDE WASTE
Average compressive
strength at 28 days
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REFERENCES
[1] Shetty M.S (2002),”Concrete technology, theory and practice”. 5th
[7] Nagataki S (1994), “Mineral admixture in concrete,” state of the Art and trends, special publication, materials journal vol.144. pg. 447-482. edition. S. chand and company limited,
New Delhi-India.
[2] BS 8110 (1997),”Structural use of concrete.” Part 1 code of practice for design and construction, British standard institution.
[3] BS 1887 (1983),”Method of determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes,” part116 code of practice for design and construction, British standard institution.
[4] Oyenuga victor. O (2001),”Simplified reinforced concrete design,” second edition, Asros limited, vasons concept engineering series. Nigeria.
