• No results found

modern pharmaceutics

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "modern pharmaceutics"

Copied!
11
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)Modern Pharmaceutics Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded edited by. Gilbert S. Banker University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa. Christopher T. Rhodes University of Rhode Island Kingston, Rhode Island. Marcel Dekker, Inc. TM. Copyright © 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.. Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc.. New York • Basel.

(2)   

(3)      

(4)   

(5)

(6) 

(7)    

(8)  

(9) 

(10)       

(11) 

(12)  

(13)    

(14) # !"$"$% &# !"'()(). !!".     

(15)  

(16) 

(17) * + ,

(18) ) -  '! .+)! /

(19)  0 1

(20) .

(21) # )!"!"!')'% &# )!"!"!''$" !    #

(22) 

(23) 2 

(24) 

(25) 3

(26)       

(27) 

(28)

(29)   4  

(30)  5 2

(31)   2    

(32)  0

(33)  0

(34)  - 

(35)    

(36)  ,  

(37) 

(38)  4

(39)  

(40)  

(41)  "#$ #  # %&! ''( &) *!! +$ +,) 

(42)  

(43)     6  26 

(44)

(45)   

(46)   2

(47)   6  2  6  6 2

(48)  

(49) 

(50)     2

(51)      ,  6 , 2 72 , 

(52)   ,  6  6   2    ,

(53) 

(54) 

(55)  6

(56) 2   

(57) 2 .    ,  2 

(58) 

(59)  .

(60)    , 8 , 9# ! $ '  " ( ) :  ! -+.  . /. .*. 01 *%+"*. Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(61) DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Executive Editor. James Swarbrick PharmaceuTech, Inc. Pinehurst, North Carolina. Advisory Board Larry L. Augsburger University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland Douwe D. Breimer Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden, The Netherlands. David E. Nichols Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Stephen G. Schulman University of Florida Gainesville, Florida. Trevor M. Jones The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry London, United Kingdom. Jerome P. Skelly Alexandria, Virginia. Hans E. Junginger Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research Leiden, The Netherlands. Felix Theeuwes Alza Corporation Palo Alto, California. Vincent H. L. Lee University of Southern California Los Angeles, California. Geoffrey T. Tucker University of Sheffield Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield, United Kingdom. Peter G. Welling Institut de Recherche Jouveinal Fresnes, France. Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(62) Preface. 

(63) 7 

(64)       

(65)    

(66)  !$' 

(67) 

(68)   !$'$  

(69)   !$$(   , 

(70) 2

(71)   6

(72)    

(73) 

(74)

(75) 

(76) 

(77) 

(78)  

(79)   

(80) & 

(81) 

(82) 

(83)

(84)  

(85) ,

(86)      2 6  

(87) 2  

(88)  2

(89)   

(90)    

(91)    02

(92)    ,  7 

(93)  

(94) 2 

(95)      ; 

(96)     

(97) 6 

(98)  <    ,  ,

(99)  

(100)

(101) 

(102) 

(103) 2

(104)  

(105)   < 

(106)   ,

(107)     

(108)  

(109) 

(110)  

(111)

(112)   =

(113) 

(114) 

(115)   ,   

(116)    

(117) ,

(118)   

(119)   

(120) 76 

(121)    6     

(122)    =

(123) 

(124)  , 

(125)    

(126)

(127) 

(128)      

(129)  

(130) 22

(131)   

(132)  

(133) 

(134)     

(135) 

(136)     

(137)    ,,

(138) 

(139)   6   

(140)  2, 

(141) 2 

(142)  =

(143) 

(144) 2 

(145) 6  

(146)

(147)   

(148)   2

(149)  

(150)  ,

(151)   

(152) 

(153) 2

(154) 2

(155)

(156)  

(157)  

(158) 

(159)  2  

(160) ,

(161)   6     2

(162)   

(163)    

(164)  6  6   

(165)  

(166)  

(167)       

(168)    

(169) 2

(170)  2   

(171) 2

(172) ,  

(173) 

(174)    .

(175) ! 

(176)  

(177)  ,

(178) 6

(179) 

(180)  , 

(181) 

(182)  ,  ,     

(183)   ,  

(184) 

(185)  , 

(186) 

(187)  

(188)  22 1 , 

(189)   2 6 4 6 

(190)  

(191)  .

(192)    , "  

(193) ,      2

(194)    

(195)    ,  ,    

(196)

(197) ,  ,     .

(198)   

(199)  2      

(200)  2

(201)  

(202) 

(203)   , 

(204) 2.

(205)   , 

(206)  

(207) 1

(208)  

(209)  6 

(210) 2   2

(211)   

(212) 

(213)    

(214)      

(215) 7   ,   

(216) ,  .

(217)  '  , !"

(218)  

(219) ,      ,

(220)  2 ,

(221) 

(222)   

(223) 

(224)    2    6  

(225) 6 

(226) ,

(227)  .

(228)  !  , ' 

(229)       ,    4 6   , ,  21      ,      

(230) &2  , 2

(231) 

(232) 1

(233)    

(234)      , 

(235) 

(236) 

(237)  

(238)    

(239) 

(240)       

(241) ,

(242)     

(243)   

(244)  

(245)   

(246) .  ,  

(247)    

(248) 

(249) 7

(250) 

(251)  

(252)  

(253) 

(254) ,    

(255)

(256) 2

(257)  2

(258)   

(259) 

(260) 

(261)   

(262) &  

(263) 

(264) 2  ,   

(265)

(266) , 1

(267)  26> 

(268)     

(269)   

(270) ,

(271) 

(272)     

(273) 

(274)  

(275) 6 2

(276) 2  

(277)  

(278) 6 ;

(279)  

(280)   ,   1

(281) 

(282) 

(283) 

(284)

(285) 

(286)  2

(287)     

(288)   ? 6 , 7     

(289) ,

(290)  =

(291) 

(292) 

(293)

(294)   

(295) .    , 

(296) 

(297) 

(298)    2

(299)    ,

(300)     

(301)   

(302) 

(303) 

(304)  . 

(305) 

(306)    

(307) ,  , 2  

(308)       

(309)         

(310)

(311)

(312) , 1

(313) 6

(314)   , 

(315)  .

(316)  

(317)      

(318) 

(319) 

(320)  

(321)  2 ,

(322) 

(323)  

(324)    

(325)   ,

(326)  2  

(327)  2   

(328)    26 5 

(329)  

(330)

(331) &

(332)     ,    

(333) ,       

(334)   

(335)

(336)  

(337) 

(338) 

(339) 2     

(340) 

(341)  6

(342) , 1

(343)   

(344)   , 

(345) ,  , 2   

(346)  ,

(347)

(348)     

(349) 

(350) 6    2

(351)   

(352) @ 

(353)  A   

(354) 

(355)  

(356)  

(357)  . Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(358)  

(359) 

(360)  

(361) 4

(362) 

(363)  5 6

(364) , 1 , 

(365) 2  

(366)   2 

(367)     61

(368) 6 2

(369)   

(370) 

(371)

(372)  

(373) 

(374)  

(375) 

(376)  

(377)  ,   2   =  

(378)

(379) &

(380)     

(381) 

(382)   2 

(383) 

(384)       

(385)    

(386)   

(387)  

(388)   

(389) 

(390)

(391)

(392) 

(393)   

(394)   6 

(395)  

(396)

(397)

(398) &

(399) 

(400) 6  

(401)   2

(402)    

(403) 7    

(404)  

(405)

(406)

(407) &

(408) 

(409) 6

(410)  

(411)  

(412)  

(413) 

(414)     B   

(415) 

(416)   

(417)   

(418)

(419) 

(420) 

(421) ,

(422) 

(423) 6 6

(424) 2   

(425)   

(426)   

(427)  * / 

(428)      B  >    ,    

(429)     

(430)  

(431) 

(432)    ,

(433) 2 

(434)  

(435)

(436) 

(437) 

(438)  

(439) !$ 

(440) 

(441) 7 

(442) 

(443) 

(444) 

(445)  

(446)    2

(447) 

(448) 

(449)  

(450) , 

(451)

(452)  2

(453)   2

(454)        ,    4 6  

(455)  2 

(456)  =

(457) 

(458) 22

(459)     ,    

(460)      

(461)  2  

(462)

(463)  

(464)   2

(465)     

(466) 

(467) 6    

(468)      

(469)         . Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(470) Contents.    

(471)  !  , -   # 

(472)  B

(473)  

(474) 

(475)  2

(476)  

(477) 

(478)  

(479)  C 6 . 

(480)  0    5 

(481)   ,

(482) 

(483) 6 06

(484) 2      -  

(485)    ,   .      : - 2

(486)     ! 

(487)  ) 5    D

(488)  ,  ,      ,  6  "  #  $ %  ( 

(489) @3

(490)   B

(491)   2          ,  .  &  $ %  " .

(492) 2 E

(493)    , 0  6 ' (  

(494)     ) 

(495)   -

(496)  2 . '     ' . 

(497)     

(498) 2 

(499) 

(500) 6 < - 

(501) 

(502)   06

(503) 2  

(504) 

(505) 6  $ * $ 

(506) 

(507) 06

(508) 2  ) "+  , -     

(509) ,  '

(510) .  . Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(511) !. 

(512) ,

(513) 5 2   ' (   +/   

(514) . !!. +  0 0

(515)  .

(516)  $  $ !

(517) .

(518) .. !. -

(519)

(520)  -    '        $ 0 . !:. 

(521) ,  @   ; 2 - 2

(522)   -    '  $ .,  + ,    , 

(523)  ' ,  1 ' ,    ! / . !). 

(524) 

(525) 6   , 6 

(526) -2  6 B

(527) !  ' # . !(. 0 

(528)   . 

(529) B

(530) 

(531) 

(532)  , 

(533) 

(534) 6 06

(535) 2 /  '  2  '  . !".  ,

(536) ; 

(537)

(538)  ,

(539) 

(540) 6 06

(541) 2 31  (

(542)      . !. -, ,  - 2

(543)   ,

(544) 5 2   ' ! . !'. ; 21  

(545)  4

(546)   - 2

(547)   5 2   - 

(548)  , '   /  2,  + -4,  . $   . !$. 5   , F  3

(549)   , -   

(550) ,    

(551)  .   .   +      

(552) . . @ 

(553)  

(554)    

(555) B

(556) ,    , -      -  B

(557) 

(558)

(559) 

(560)  

(561) 

(562) 2

(563) - 2

(564)       /. !. -

(565)    *

(566)   

(567)    - 2

(568)          (  ( . . /

(569)  ,6/

(570) - 2

(571)   

(572)      ,  (  +  

(573) ,  0   . :. 

(574) - 2  G

(575)

(576)   6 - 2

(577)   ,

(578) 5 2 '       $    . ). 

(579)  6 0

(580) 2

(581)     (. (. /

(582) 4

(583) 6    . Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(584) ".  ,   2 . # 2 #  . .  ,

(585) .

(586)  - 2 

(587) 6  ,

(588) 2

(589). '

(590)         

(591)  . '.  G

(592)   

(593) 5 

(594)         . Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(595) Contributors. . 3) *( -)) E

(596)   

(597)  H

(598) 

(599) 6. 

(600) 

(601) 2

(602) 5

(603)  -,

(604) 

(605) 

(606) 2

(607)  0

(608)  ,-, B

(609) 

(610)      

(611) . 4# 4) *$$( -)) 0 ,  - 

(612)      - 26  - 2

(613)   

(614)  2

(615)  - 2

(616)   0

(617) 

(618)  0  - 26 A 

(619)  6   6  / 2

(620)   6. - ?

(621)   ,

(622) 2

(623)  BI 0 

(624) ,6 *&02 E

(625)  .

(626) ,

(627) 

(628)  -

(629). 6 .  ) ( -)). 5! ) '( -)) 

(630)  @2

(631)    H F F   ,

(632) - 

(633)    , 

(634) 

(635) 6 @2

(636)   .

(637) ,

(638)  - 26 A 

(639)  6    . 6  /  2 .  =

(640)  F6

(641)

(642)    . 4 ! '( )6)%). 4! 7) ( -)) - 

(643)   / 2

(644)   0

(645) 

(646)  0  - 26 A 

(647)  6  .  0 5   .  , ) *) ( -)) . 6 ;2 3 ") #!( -)). - 

(648)   - 26 .

(649) ,

(650)  - 26 A 

(651)  6  ;2 ;2. - 2

(652)   .    *

(653)

(654)   . 3 .) "( -)). - 

(655)  @2

(656)   0  - 26 A 

(657)  6  =      = . % *) "8( -)). 

(658)    . 2

(659) -     B

(660) 

(661)   F  5 =  

(662) &. -! +) ! %( -)). - ?

(663)   ,

(664) 2

(665)  BI 0 

(666) ,6 *&02 E

(667)  .

(668) ,

(669) 

(670)  -

(671). 6 . %&! ( -)) B

(672) . .   ,

(673)  

(674)  2

(675)  - 26 0  H

(676)  +

(677)   0

(678) 

(679)  - 

(680) 

(681) . 9. Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(682) 9. ". !! +) &( -))   . 6 . 

(683) - 

(684)     .    2   

(685) - 26 A 

(686)  6 . 5 4) 1!#( -)) - 

(687)   - 2

(688)   0

(689) 

(690)  

(691)  2

(692)  - 2

(693)   0

(694) 

(695)  .

(696) ,

(697)  - 26 

(698) A 

(699)  6  ,  .    ,. 3! %) 5( -))   . 6 .   - 

(700)   

(701)  2

(702)  .    2   

(703) - 26 A 

(704)  6 . 3) : 5!!#) -))  . 6 . - 

(705)  @2

(706)     - 2

(707)   .

(708) ,

(709)  - 26 A 

(710)  6  . *# 3) &'#( -)) .  . - 

(711)   0  - 26 A 

(712)  6    .   .

(713)  +  . # ( -)) - 

(714)   

(715)  2

(716)  / 2

(717)   0

(718) 

(719)  0  - 26 A 

(720)  6  .  0 5   .  .

(721) ,

(722)  - 26 5

(723) 

(724) A 

(725)  J /

(726)   /

(727)   *

(728) 2 6.   +; 3( -)). 0

(729)  

(730)    

(731)  2

(732)  - 2

(733)    B

(734) 

(735)   F  5 =  

(736) &. 58 %) 3<( -)). 0  - 26 A 

(737)  6  =      = . . !# :!( -)) ,. %# :# :'( -)) 

(738)  6;# :( -))  . 6 . 

(739) - 

(740)   .

(741) ,

(742)  - 26 5

(743)  0 

(744) A 

(745)  6 /, B . 

(746)  2

(747)  B

(748) ,  6 3  . - 2

(749)     F

(750) & ,  .   - 

(751)     - 2

(752)   .

(753) ,

(754)  - 26 A 

(755)  6  . 3 ") 4$( -)) 

(756)    @2

(757) , , 

(758)  ,

(759)  . 2

(760) -    B

(761) 

(762)    

(763) 

(764) 2

(765)  . B

(766) 

(767)   F  5 =  

(768) &  +) %8( -)) A 

(769) E , 2 %&! %#( -))    1 . 0

(770)  

(771)    @. B

(772) ,     F   

(773)  8AE9 F  +

(774) 2

(775)  +

(776) 2

(777)  . - 

(778)   - 2

(779)   0

(780) 

(781)  .

(782) ,

(783)  - 26 A 

(784)  6   1 . 3) -&' %&!!( ))-) 0

(785)  .2 

(786)     

(787)  2

(788)  /, C 6   

(789)  5  ,

(790)  2 +

(791)   . 

(792)  . 6  -! 3) %!( -)). -   0

(793)   

(794)  2

(795)   , 

(796) 

(797) 6  B

(798) 

(799)   F  5 =  

(800) &. , 4) !( -)) 

(801) - 

(802)   

(803)  2

(804)      -6 - 26 - 

(805) A 

(806)  6 =

(807)  F6

(808)

(809)     + ) 0="( -)) - 2

(810)   0  , *  2

(811)     ; 

(812)  - 2

(813)   /  ,

(814) 

(815)  

(816)  H

(817) 

(818) 6. Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..

(819) ". 9. , >( -)) - 

(820)   

(821)  2

(822)  / 2

(823)   0

(824) 

(825)  0  - 26 A 

(826)  6  .  0 5   .  0!' -'!( -))   - 

(827)   - 2

(828)   

(829)  ,6 5 6  - 26 0      A 

(830)  6 . 6 . 5 ) -&'( -)) - 

(831)   

(832)    

(833)    - 26 F   6 

(834)  2

(835)      -6 - 26 0  - 26 - 

(836) A 

(837)  6 =

(838)  F6

(839)

(840)     +!! -( -)) . 6 . - 

(841)   - 2

(842)   0

(843) 

(844)    .

(845) ,

(846)  - 26 A 

(847)  6   . " .) +( -)) - 

(848)   

(849)  2

(850)  

(851) - 2

(852)   0

(853) 

(854)  A 

(855)  6  B

(856)   E ,   B

(857) . 3 +) +( -)) = . - 

(858)   - 26 0  - 26 A 

(859)  6  =     .  -) +,( -))( )*)).) =  

(860) & + ) +( -))K =  

(861) &.   

(862)    

(863)  2

(864)  &,6  B

(865) 

(866)   F  5 . G

(867) -

(868) 

(869)  

(870)  2

(871)   , B

(872) ,  6 3   B

(873) 

(874)   F  5 . ) :#  +( -)) G

(875) -

(876) 

(877)  .   A ,6 - ?

(878)  

(879) 2 F

(880) 

(881)  .  ,

(882) 2

(883)  - ?

(884)   ,

(885) 2

(886)  BI 0 

(887) ,6 *&02 E

(888)  .

(889) ,

(890) 

(891)  -

(892). 6  8 %) +&( -)).    - 2

(893)   .  * 

(894)  ,  6. +$ 4) &( -)). -

(895)  .

(896) ,

(897)  - 26 -

(898)  -

(899). 6 . 3 ) &8<( -)). -

(900)  .

(901) ,

(902)  - 26 -

(903)  -

(904). 6 . <! ) ( %)) - 

(905)  8. 9  

(906)       ,   2  0

(907) 

(908)  .

(909) ,

(910)  - 26 A 

(911)  6    . 6  3$ ( -)). KB

(912) 

(913) . Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc..   - 

(914)   .

(915) ,

(916)  - 26 5

(917) 

(918) A 

(919)  J /

(920)   /

(921)   *

(922) 2 6.

(923)

References

Related documents

[22] , who also noted high magnitude of heritability and genetic advance for grain yield in chickpea genotypes.. Heritability observed for biological yield was

สาระส าคัญ ตู้อาหารเป็นที่ส าหรับเก็บรักษาอาหาร เช่น อาหารแห้งหรือเครื่องปรุง อาหารที่ประกอบเสร็จแล้ว และ ภาชนะส าหรับใช้รับประทานอาหาร

The Cotonou agreement (2000-2020) encompasses all three dimensions of EU external action: development cooperation, foreign policy and trade.. Development cooperation is

Falling property values have somewhat restored the equilibrium between neighborhood incomes and real estate values and provide an oppor- tunity to repurchase

Given these considerations, quantitative data on VOCs levels in urban environments are of crucial importance in order to (i) enable comparison of pollution levels and exposure, and

Consequently, the focus on the analysis is: trends in hotel industry and catering for Serbia, legal framework for marketing communication, public relations, direct marketing

In the light of which type of traders follow which trading behavior; several studies in different markets argue that foreign investors tend to follow momentum trading strategy

of a study conducted by Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station and Ariwna State _ Department of Education in cooperation with the U. Conclu,sions not