AP Chapter 3: Northern and Middle
Colonies
• Separatists
• Mayflower Compact
• William Bradford
• Puritans
• Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Great Migration: 1630’s
• Pequot War 1636-1637
• Congregational Church
• Work ethic
• Blue Laws
• Old Deluder Act, 1647
• Rhode Island
• Anne Hutchinson
• Connecticut
•
Town meetings
•
King Philip’s War (1675-76)
•
Dominion of New England
•
Colonial Governors
Here come the Pilgrims
• The Pilgrims were a groups of Puritans that wanted to separate from the Church of England (Separatists)
• They were kicked out of Holland and England and then came to America in 1620
• They landed in Massachusetts, but were supposed to be in Virginia
• Not everyone of the Mayflower
was a Pilgrim (35 of 102)
• 66 days of travel
• Before going on land, the
passengers made an agreement called the Mayflower Compact:
early attempt at self government
• Adult males would have town meetings to discuss issues
William Bradford
• Separatist Governor of Plymouth
• Of Plymouth Plantation
• A history of the founding of the
Plymouth colony and the lives of the colonists from 1621 to 1646
• Written after the fact from
memories
• He and Captain Miles Standish
Pilgrims vs Indians
• Half of the settlers died within 4 months
• They didn’t land on Plymouth Rock first
• They didn’t all wear tall hats with buckles and all black clothing
• Squanto did teach the Pilgrims to plant corn………so would stop stealing from the Indians
• The first “thanksgiving” was a harvest festival in 1621
• It wasn’t an annual event and no fixed time
• Harvest festivals were already being done by Indians
• Turkey wasn’t the main meat
Puritans: Their Great Migration
• Puritans fled England due to religious persecution
• Puritans wanted to purify the church
• They were not so pure: they liked to
drink and have sex
• Brought lots of barleys and hop in
barrels
• They thought it was their job to
populate the world
• They didn’t want other groups in
their settlements
• Religious freedom didn’t mean
Other Puritan colonies...
•
Massachusetts Bay Colony:
Puritan colony (1630)
•
John Winthrop
was the
governor of the colony
•
Boston was called the “city
upon a hill”
•
New capital of the church in
America
1630’s: Great Migration
•
After a civil war
began in England,
15,000 more settlers
flocked to
Massachusetts
•
They had a good start:
Pequot War 1636-1637
•
Conflict between
the Pequot Indians
in New England
and settlers over fur
trading and lands
Church
•
All male members of the congregation could vote
•
Puritans renamed Congregational Church
–
(could be present day Presbyterians, Baptists or other
protestant groups who had similar beliefs)
•
Not a democracy; much power to church leaders
•
John Cotton, Cotton Mather among early leaders
•
Congregationalists could hire and fire ministers
•
The male “saints” handled church business Wanted
•
“Puritan work ethic”
With or without you….
•
Some people were
predestined to
experience an afterlife
with God
Harvard
•
The Puritans founded
Harvard University for
religious training but moved
to secular topics including
science
•
The Puritans believed that the
more they learned about
BEER
•
Puritan leaders like Increase Mather
and his son, Cotton Mather (more on
him in a minute) spoke of alcohol as
a gift from God. The elder Mather
took the stand that alcohol, and wine
in particular, was to be enjoyed and
savored (without partaking too
much, as that would be wasting
God’s gift). The younger Mather
went even further, saying that
alcohol had spiritual, nutritional, and
medical value, but again warned
Laws against worldly pleasures
(printed on blue paper) to repress
Old Deluder Act, 1647
• New Englanders thought
conversion and literacy went hand in hand….why?
• Had to read the Bible
• Mass. Bay passed Deluder Act
(Mass. School Law) ordering every town (50 + households) to appoint a teacher for instruction
• Over 100 households, a grammar
school was created
• The “Old Deluder” was Satan to
keep men ignorant
Rhode Island
• There were threats within the Puritan movement
• Roger Williams was a Puritan minister • Believed in buying land from the
Indians
• Believed in separation of church and state and freedom of religion
• This put him in conflict with other leaders and was banished
• Founded Rhode Island in 1636 • Called Rouge’s Island by some • Founded one of the first Baptist
Anne Hutchinson
• Another challenger to the “New
England Way”
• Attacked the spirituality of the clergy
and opposed predestination
• Faith alone is necessary for salvation
• Followers called Antinomians
– Greek for against the law
• Only faith was needed for salvation
• Held prayer meetings in her home; said
clergy wasn’t needed; said she talked directly to God
• Fled to Rhode Island
• Walked to her trial 5 months pregnant
• Dismissed the idea of original sin
•
Who could vote in Puritan New
England?
•
Saints (male)
•
Written by Thomas Hooker (founder
of the colony)
•
Called for a representative
legislature elected by substantial
citizens
–
Male, adult, land owners
•
First written constitution in
America
•
Massachusetts and some of NE used
town
meetings
(direct democracy…no
Other colonies began to break
away from Massachusetts Bay
Leaving Puritan ideas
N o rth e rn C o lo n ie s
N o rth e rn la n d s c a p e
n o t s u ite d fo r
p la n ta tio n s
P o litic s b a s e d o n re lig io n
P u rita n W o rk E th ic
(P u rita n s )
T o w n m e e tin g s (d e m o c ra tic id e a )
Praying Towns
Indians converted and adopt Christian
names, etc.
King Phillip’s
War
•
Metacom (King Phillip)
united several New
England Indian tribes
against the settlers
(1675-76)
•
Thousands killed on both
sides; 52 of 90 towns and
villages burned
•
Metacom’s death and
defeat signaled the end
of major Indian
Things change over time
•
3
rdGeneration of Puritans ran into problems
•
Fewer supporting the original ideas of the
Puritans..moving away
Restoration
•
Charles II was restored to the throne and
things began to change quickly for the
Puritans
•
Laws passed against Puritans
•
They believed their covenant with God
would protect them
•
James II (Catholic) followed and created
the Dominion of New England to unify the
north and do away with colonial
assemblies
•
Edmund Andros was the governor of the
area and levied harsh taxes, limiting town
meetings, etc.
Glorious Revolution-1688
•
James II dethroned by
William and Mary (Dutch
Protestants)
•
Resulted in a limited
monarchy in England
•
English Bill of Rights, 1689:
trial by jury
•
Disbanded the Dominion of
New England
Controlling the Governors
•
Colonial governors
Little regulation for the colonies
Salutary neglect:
allowing the
colonies to develop without over
regulation
From 1660-1700, this is how the colonies were governed…it
led to ideas of self government in the colonies
Some signs of royal control still remained:
More English administrators than American (judges, etc.)
Few Americans could gain local political power; led to
Pennsylvania
• William Penn
• Society of Friends\Quakers • Their beliefs:
– pacifism – no slavery
– buy land from Indians – men and women equal in
God’s eyes
• Created Philadelphia
– The City of Brotherly Love • Called this test of religion a Holy
L e s s re lig io u s
in flu e n c e in g o v t.
A re a o f re lig io u s
p lu ra lis m
E c o n o m y b a s e d
o n tra d e , fu rs
a n d c ro p s
•
Read more about the middle colonies in your
