4 Energy.pdf

(1)

Image from: http://tiki.oneworld.net/energy/energy-‐title.jpg

(2)

Where to go for help:

Chris McGee – Science Coordinator Katie French – Avery

Jen Blumenkemper -‐ Bristol

LEFT TO DO:

¨ Assessment

¨ Link to Common Core

¨ Experiences

¨ Pacing guide

¨ Materials List

¨ Trade books/Resources

¨ Key Vocab list

Essential Learning Goal(s):

Students apply concepts of energy.

S 4

Student demonstrates innovation, in depth inference(s), or advanced application(s) with the learning goal which may include:

• Provide creative solutions to energy related problems environment,

global, and locally.

3

Students will be able to synthesize:

• Energy’s forms

• Energy’s ability to transfer • Energy’s relationship to motion • Energy from resources

(4)

The performance expectations in fourth grade help students formulate answers to questions such as:

What are waves and what are some things they can do? How can water, ice, wind and vegetation change the land?

What patterns of Earth’s features can be determined with the use of maps? How do internal and external structures support the survival, growth, behavior, and

reproduction of plants and animals? What is energy and how is it related to motion?

How is energy transferred?

How can energy be used to solve a problem?

Fourth grade performance expectations include PS3, PS4, LS1, ESS1, ESS2, ESS3, and ETS1 Disciplinary Core Ideas from the NRC Framework.

• Students are able to use a model of waves to describe patterns of waves in

terms of amplitude and wavelength, and that waves can cause objects to move.

• Students are expected to develop understanding of the effects of weathering

or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation.

• They apply their knowledge of natural Earth processes to generate and

compare multiple solutions to reduce the impacts of such processes on humans.

• In order to describe patterns of Earth’s features, students analyze and

interpret data from maps.

• Fourth graders are expected to develop an understanding that plants and

animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

• By developing a model, they describe that an object can be seen when light

reflected from its surface enters the eye.

• Students are able to use evidence to construct an explanation of the

relationship between the speed of an object and the energy of that object.

• Students are expected to develop an understanding that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents or from object to object through collisions.

• They apply their understanding of energy to design, test, and refine a device

that converts energy from one form to another.

The crosscutting concepts of patterns; cause and effect; energy and matter; systems and system models; interdependence of science, engineering, and technology; and influence of engineering, technology, and science on society and the natural world are called out as organizing concepts for these disciplinary core ideas. In the fourth grade performance expectations, students are expected to demonstrate grade-‐ appropriate proficiency in asking questions, developing and using models, planning

(5)

and carrying out investigations, analyzing and interpreting data, constructing explanations and designing solutions, engaging in argument from evidence, and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information. Students are expected to use these practices to demonstrate understanding of the core ideas.

Objectives:

• Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to

the energy of that object.

• Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from

place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

• Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur

when objects collide.

• Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy

from one form to another.

• Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and their uses affect the environment.

Students

apply

concepts

of energy

Use evidence to construct an

explanation relating the speed of an object to the

energy of that object.

Make observations to provide evidence that

energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and

electric currents.

Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects

collide.

Apply scientibic ideas to design, test, and rebine a

device that converts energy from one form to

another.

Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived

from natural resources and their

uses affect the environment.

(6)

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

S 4

• Proving kinetic energy equation for a quantified definition of

speed using the formula k=1/2mv2

3 Students will be able to cite evidence that speed of an object relates to _{the energy of that object.} D 2 Students explain that speed and energy are related.

B 1 Students define speed or energy

Notes:

Clarification:

• Assessment does not include quantitative measures of changes in the speed

of an object or on any precise or quantitative definition of energy.

• Energy (specifically kinetic energy) is defined by how fast an object is moving.

Science and Engineering Practices:

• Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to the use of evidence in constructing

explanations that specify variables that describe and predict phenomena and in designing multiple solutions to design problems.

o Use evidence (e.g., measurements, observations, patterns) to construct an explanation.

Disciplinary Core Idea(s)

• Definitions of Energy

o The faster a given object is moving, the more energy it possesses.

Cross Cutting Concept(s) • Energy and Matter

o Energy can be transferred in various ways and between objects.

Link to Common Core ELA/Literacy

• RI.4.1 Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.

• RI.4.3 Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific,

or technical text, including what happened and why, based on specific information in the text.

• RI.4.9 Integrate information from two texts on the same topic in order to

(7)

• W.4.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey

ideas and information clearly.

• W.4.8 Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.

• W.4.9 Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Objective Details:

Assessment

item(s): •

Resource(s): •_• Ramps, marbles, cars Videos of car accidents

• Football player hits Website(s): •

Trade

Book(s): •

(8)

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

S 4

• Compare energy transfer through various media

• Assess the quality or quantity of energy transfer through various scenarios.

3 Students will collect and display evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents

D 2 With help students will collect and display evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents

B 1 Students are beginning to communicate evidence of energy transfer.

Notes: Clarification

• Assessment does not include quantitative measurements of energy. Science and Engineering Practices:

• Planning and Carrying out Investigations

o Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions to problems in 3–5 builds on K– 2 experiences and

progresses to include investigations that control variables and provide evidence to support explanations or design solutions.

o Make observations to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a design solution.

o Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents.

• Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

o Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or heat.

o When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion.

o In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced.

(9)

o Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light.

o Transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy may have produced the currents to begin with.

• W.4.8 Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant

information from print and digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.

Assessment

item(s): •

Resource(s): • Circuits, solar panels, sound tubes, etc. Website(s): •

Trade

Book(s): •

(10)

Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide.

S 4

• Draw conclusions about energy transfer that holds true through

multiple situations and scenarios

3 Students ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in _{energy that occur when objects collide.} D 2 Students explain the changes in energy that occur when objects collide.

B 1 Students demonstrate that energy changes

Notes:

Clarification:

• Emphasis is on the change in the energy due to the change in speed, not on the forces, as objects interact.

• Basic idea two cars collide and eventually come to a stop

• Assessment does not include quantitative measurements of energy. Science and Engineering Practices:

• Asking questions and defining problems in grades 3–5 builds on grades K–2

experiences and progresses to specifying qualitative relationships.

o Ask questions that can be investigated and predict reasonable

outcomes based on patterns such as cause and effect relationships.

o Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents..

o Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or heat.

o When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion.

o In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced.

• Relationship Between Energy and Forces

o When objects collide, the contact forces transfer energy so as to change the objects’ motions.

(11)

information from print and digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.

Assessment

item(s): • Resource(s): •

Website(s): _•

Trade

Book(s): •

(12)

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

S 4

• Design inspired presentation that is then communicated to

authentic audience.

• Make improvements to existing designs that transfer energy.

3 Students design, test, construct and refine a device that converts energy _{from one form to another.} D 2 With help students design, test, construct and refine a device that _{converts energy from one form to another.}

B 1 Students explain another’s device that converts energy from one form to _another.

Notes:

Clarification:

• Examples of devices could include:

o Electric circuits that convert electrical energy into motion energy of a vehicle, light, or sound

o A passive solar heater that converts light into heat.

• Examples of constraints could include the materials, cost, or time to design the device.

• Devices should be limited to those that convert motion energy to electric energy or use stored energy to cause motion or produce light or sound.

• Apply scientific ideas to solve design problems.

o Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light.

o The currents may have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy.

• Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life

o The expression “produce energy” typically refers to the conversion of stored energy into a desired form for practical use.

• Defining Engineering Problems

o Possible solutions to a problem are limited by available materials and resources (constraints).

(13)

o The success of a designed solution is determined by considering the desired features of a solution (criteria).

o Different proposals for solutions can be compared on the basis of how well each one meets the specified criteria for success or how well each takes the constraints into account.

• Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World

o Engineers improve existing technologies or develop new ones. • Science is a Human Endeavor

o Most scientists and engineers work in teams.

o Science affects everyday life. Link to Common Core

ELA/Literacy

• W.4.7 Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through

investigation of different aspects of a topic

Mathematics

• 4.OA.A.3 Solve multistep word problems posed with whole numbers and

having whole-‐number answers using the four operations, including problems in which remainders must be interpreted. Represent these problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. Assess the reasonableness of answers using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding.

Assessment

item(s): •

Resource(s): • circuits, robotics Website(s): •

Trade

Book(s): •

(14)

Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and their uses affect the environment.

S 4

• Develop an argument why society would be best server by

investigating renewable energy solutions.

3

Students will collect and display information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and their uses affect the environment

D 2 Students will identify that energy and fuels are derived from natural _{resources and their uses affect the environment} B 1 Students are beginning to define energy and fuels

Notes:

Clarification:

• Examples of renewable energy resources could include: o Wind energy,

o Water behind dams

o Sunlight

• Non-‐renewable energy resources are:

o Fossil fuels

o Fissile materials.

• Examples of environmental effects could include:

o Loss of habitat due to dams,

o Loss of habitat due to surface mining

o Air pollution from burning of fossil fuels.

• Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information

o Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to evaluate the merit and accuracy of ideas and methods.

o Obtain and combine information from books and other reliable media to explain phenomena.

• Natural Resources

o Energy and fuels that humans use are derived from natural sources, and their use affects the environment in multiple ways. Some

resources are renewable over time, and others are not.

Cross Cutting Concept(s) • Cause and Effect

(15)

o Cause and effect relationships are routinely identified and used to explain change.

• Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology

o Knowledge of relevant scientific concepts and research findings is important in engineering.

• Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World

o Over time, people’s needs and wants change, as do their demands for new and improved technologies.

• W.4.7 Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through

investigation of different aspects of a topic.

information from print and digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of

• sources.

• W.4.9 Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Mathematics

• MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. • MP.4 Model with mathematics.

• 4.OA.A.1 Interpret a multiplication equation as a comparison, e.g., interpret 35 = 5 × 7 as a statement that 35 is 5 times as many as 7 and 7 times as many as 5. Represent verbal statements of multiplicative comparisons as

multiplication equations.

Assessment

item(s): •

Resource(s): • Research project, Energy night event showing problems and creative solutions

(16)

PreK ???

K

Forces and Interactions: Pushes and Pulls

• Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the effects of different

strengths or different directions of pushes and pulls on the motion of an object.

• Analyze data to determine if a design solution works as intended to change the speed or direction of an object with a push or a pull

3

Forces and Interactions

• Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object.

• Make observations and/or measurements of an object’s motion to

provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion.

• Ask questions to determine cause and effect relationships of electric

or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with each other

• Define a simple design problem that can be solved by applying

scientific ideas about magnets.

MS

• Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving

the motion of two colliding objects

• Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.

• Ask questions about data to determine the factors that affect the

strength of electric and magnetic forces.

• Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim

that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.

• Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to

provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact

HS

Structures and Properties of Matter

• Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

• Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the

structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles

• Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the

nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

(17)

molecular-‐level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.

• Analyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

• Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

• Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a

device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision

• Use mathematical representations of Newton’s Law of Gravitation

and Coulomb’s Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.

• Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.

4 Energy.pdf

Table of Contents

Where to go for help:

LEFT TO DO:

Essential Learning Goal(s):

Objectives:

Students

apply

concepts

of energy