Name _____________________________________________ Period __________________ Directions: As you read pages 205-237 answer the following questions thoroughly.
China: Fracture and Unification – The Qin Dynasty What did the Qin conquest end?
Military Power and Mobilization
What was fundamental in the Qin’s conquest and what areas did they conquer?
In addition to their military efforts, what else did the Qin do?
Why was the Great Wall constructed and what did it serve as?
Describe Qin Shi Huangdi’s tomb.
Economic Power
What public works projects did the Qin undertake in their rise to power?
How did Qin Shi Huangdi rule and what did he do away with?
How did the emperor choose people to work in his administration? What did they do?
How did the Qin divide the empire’s administration?
What else did the Qin do which is common in an empire?
Competing Ideologies of Empire
What were the 3 schools of thought that emerged in this period?
Confucianism
What did Kong Fuzi (Confucius) seek to do?
What did Confucius master?
How did he influence China?
According to Confucius, what brought China into chaos?
List and describe China’s earliest historical texts.
What were Confucius’ teachings recorded in?
What did he believe for each individual?
Describe “gentleman” (junzi).
Who embrace his teachings and what did they do?
Legalism
What did the Qin favor, as opposed to Confucianism?
Define legalism.
Daoism
What is Daoism seen as and why?
Who is the founder of Daoism and what is the sacred text?
What do Daoists believe and what is their take on government?
How are Confucianism and Daoism embraced by many Chinese?
The Struggle between Legalism and Confucianism What was the Qin’s success a result of?
What did the Prime Minister, Li Si, recommend and why?
What occurred in 213 BCE?
The Mandate of Heaven
Describe the Mandate of Heaven.
The Fall of the Qin Dynasty
What did the emperor’s son do?
What did the Qin bring to China?
The Han Dynasty: A Confucian Bureaucracy How was the hierarchy organized under the Han?
What other 4 areas did the influence of Confucianism appear? (describe in detail).
How big was their standing army and how long was service?
Describe the “tributary system.”
Population and Migration
What did the Han establish in the northern and southern borders and why? What did they hope to gain?
During the later Han dynasty, why did the population of northern China decline? (there are several reasons throughout this section).
Economic Power
What were the new inventions and what did they do?
What did the road through the Gansu corridor to Xinjiang bring?
What did Emperor Wu do in 138 BCE and what did this do?
What did Emperor Wu do to pay for military ventures and his imperial court?
What did Confucianists distrust and fear?
Fluctuations in Administrative Power: An Interregnum
How old was Emperor Ping when he inherited the throne? How old was he when he died?
What were Wang Mang’s policies and what did his policies do?
What brought Wang Mang down and led to the reinstatement of the Han dynasty?
A Weakened Han Dynasty
To cope with incursions, what did the later Han do?
Define sinicization.
What did the Han give to border tribes and why did they move the capital?
Why did peasants sell their land and live and farm under the jurisdictions of local landlords?
Peasant Revolt and the Fall of the Han
What occurred that helped to end the Han dynasty?
What happened on September 25, 189CE?
By 220, what occurred?
Disintegration and Reunification: Ecology and Culture
On the fall of the Han dynasty, China was divided into how many states and what were they?
What occurred from 265 to 316 CE?
What occurred over the next 273 years?
What was the agriculture in the north? What was unique about it?
What are some characteristics of the south?
How was the south organized?
What caused the northern population to reduce?
What united all literate Chinese?
What did the north absorb?
When they became powerful enough to conquer north China, what did they realize they needed to do?
Who became the most powerful and longest ruling of the nomadic conquerors?
What did they do in 493-494 and why did they do it?
What did they do to keep the population in the north from fleeing?
What occurred in 534 and what did it usher in?
Buddhism Reaches China
What are two reasons Buddhism took root in China? (be detailed).
Reunification under the Sui and Tang Dynasties
What elements of Chinese unity were potentially at hand during 400 years of imperial fragmentation? (list 5).
The Short-lived Sui Dynasty
Who was the founder to the Sui Dynasty and what was his background?
What did he do for the military? What did this create?
What made his troops a formidable fighting force?
What did the emperor and his son employ?
What did they do administratively, legally, and economically? (be very detailed).
What did the capital provide?
How long did it take to complete the Grand Canal? How many people were needed to complete it? How was it monitored?
What occurred in 618 CE?
Arts and Technology under the Tang Dynasty
What did the Tang dynasty rely on more than ever? What did the emperor found in 754?
What was invented under the Tang? (be very detailed).
How long has China stood united?
Imperial China Define assimilation.
List 5 examples of assimilation in China.
What are two understood dangers of assimilation by both barbarians and Chinese?
The West and Northwest: The South and Southwest As the Chinese moved south what happened?
Vietnam
What did Chinese scholars from to Vietnam?
What else did Vietnam absorb from China?
Who did the cultural innovations appeal to?
What else did the Chinese introduce?
What three things are a result of Chinese direct rule?
Korea
What did the Koreans create in 1446 and what was it based on?
How can China’s power over Korea be seen?
Japan
What did Japan attempt to model from China and how did the influence reach Japan?
Immigration and Cultural Influences By 500 CE, how is China’s influence seen?
How do we know about Japan before 700CE?
How did they use Confucianism and Buddhism?
What occurred in 604? What did the document include?
What did Fujiwara adopt?
What occurred in 646?
What occurred in 710? (be detailed).
What is Shinto based on?
What does Buddhism provide?
Legacies for the Future: What Difference Do They Make?
Differences: (Rome and China). List one or two differences under each category. Geopolitical
Longevity and Persistence
Policy and Powers of Assimilation
Language Policy
Ideology and Cultural Cohesion
Influence on Neighbors
Similarities (Rome and China). List one or two similarities under each category. Relations with Barbarians
The Role of the Emperor
Gender Relationships and the Family
The Significance of Imperial Armies
Overextension
Public Works Projects
The Concentration of Wealth
Revolts
Peasant Flight
Review Questions:
Many kinds of standardization accompanied the creation and consolidation of empire in China. What were these forms of standardization, and which do you think were the most important?
How did China regard the barbarians on its borders, in terms of international relations and in terms of assimilation? How did China’s policies compare with those of Rome?
