Poetry Terms2012

(1)

Poetry

Terms:

Language Arts 9

(2)

Alliteration



The repetition of beginning

sounds in neighboring words

(3)

Allusion

 A reference to a work, person or

event in a poem

As the cave's roof collapsed, he was swallowed up in the dust like Jonah, and only his frantic scrabbling behind a wall of rock indicated that there was

anyone still alive.

(4)

Anaphora

 The deliberate repetition of a word or

phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or

paragraphs

I am determined and shy

I wonder if i'll ever accomplish my goals

I hear the owls hotting I see goods things ahead I want to help the unwealthy

I am determined and shy

I pretend that the world is a perfect place to live in

I feel like the world is looking down to unwealthy people I touch....

I worry ...

I cry when im watching sad movies

(5)

Assonance

 The repetition or

a pattern of the same vowel

sounds

(6)

Consonance

 The repetition of consonant sounds

inside or at the end of neighboring words

(7)

Denotation

 The exact meaning of the word

(The dictionary definition)

a. Cancer: Any of various malignant

neoplasms characterized by the

proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and

(8)

Connotation

 The meaning suggested beyond a

word’s exact definition

Cancer is a disease, but it emotionally can

mean fear, terror, death or chaos

Ex. “The unruly student was a cancer

(9)

Diction

 The poet’s word

(10)

Dissonance



a combination of

sounds that seem

irregular or

(11)

Foot

 A unit of meter

which denotes the combination of stressed and unstressed

(12)

Form

 Is the combined

elements of poetic structure and what distinguishes poetry from prose

 Meter, rhythm,

rhyme scheme and structure are all

(13)

Hyperbole

 A figure of speech

which is a deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis

(14)

Iamb

 An unstressed

syllable followed by a stressed

syllable

(15)

Iambic Pentameter



Ten syllables of iambic meter

Ĭn sóoth,/Ĭ knów/nŏt whý/Ĭ ám/sŏ sád.

(Shakespeare wrote his

(16)

Imagery

 Using words that appeal to our five senses; the

use of pictures, figures of speech, and description to evoke ideas, feelings, actions and state of mind

Smell of cleanliness Sunshine of late afternoon On the glass tray a glass pitcher, the tumbler turned down, by which a key is lying And the immaculate white bed

(17)

Irony

 The use of words to suggest the

opposite of the literal meaning

A deaf policeman heard the noise,

And came to arrest the two dead boys, If you don't believe this story’s true,

Ask the blind man he saw it too”

(18)

Metaphor

 A direct comparison between unlike

things whose purpose is to show something in a different way

Fear

Is a bird

That believes itself Into extinction

(19)

Extended Metaphor

A metaphor extended over several lines or throughout an

entire poem

My son is a bat.

His eyes blink when darkness comes. His body stirs with life.

His limbs gorge with blood

as he sets out through the cave of night his roof the stars

the moon a big white eye watching. Attracted by the false lights

he mingles with his batty friends weaving in and out of nightclubs endless parties

each other’s places

till sensing the sudden ebb of darkness

he flutters home a cloaked Dracula

(20)

Meter

 A rhythm accomplished by using a

(21)

Onomatopoeia

 A figure of speech

in which the sound of a word imitates its meaning

I heard a fly buzz when I died The stillness round my form

(22)

Oxymoron

 A combination of contradictory

or opposite words

(23)

Personification

 A figure of speech in which

non-human or inanimate objects are given human qualities

Hey diddle, Diddle, The cat and the fiddle,

The cow jumped over the moon; The little dog laughed

To see such sport,

(24)

Poetic Structure

 The organization of words, lines, and

(25)

Poetic Voice

(26)

Repetition/Refrain

 Repetition: the

repeating of a word or phrase within a poem

 Refrain: group of

lines that is repeated

throughout the

poem: similar to a chorus in a song.

Ten years ago, on a cold dark night

There was someone killed 'neath the town hall light There were few there at the scene, but they all

agreed

That the man who ran looked a lot like me

She walks these hills in a long black veil Visits my grave when the night winds wail Nobody knows, nobody sees

Nobody knows, but me

The gallows were close and eternity near She stood in the crowd and shed not a tear

Sometimes at night, when the cold winds blow In a long black veil, she cries o'er my bones

She walks these hills in a long black veil Visits my grave when the night winds wail Nobody knows, nobody sees

Nobody knows, but me

(27)

Rhyme

Exact Rhyme: ending sounds on words are exactly alike: Cat, Hat, Flat ,Mat

End Rhyme: rhyming words that appear at the ends of two or more lines of poetry.

Slant Rhyme: words that sound close, but not exact: Mirror, Steer

Rhyme Scheme: pattern made by a rhyme within each stanza or verse

(28)

Rhyme Scheme



the pattern of rhyming lines of a poem,

usually indicated by using letters

Bid me to weep, and I will weep A While I have eyes to see; B

(29)

Rhythm

 Is the ordered or free

occurrence of sound in poetry.

 Regular rhythm,

(30)

Simile

 Two things are compared by using

the words “like” or “as.”

(31)

Stanza

Couplet: two-line

stanza Sextet: six-line stanza

Triplet: three-line

stanza Septet: stanza seven-line

Quatrain: four-line

stanza Octave: stanza eight-line

Quintet: five-line stanza



Two or more lines of poetry that form

(32)

Symbol

 When a word, phrase, or image

“stands for” an idea or theme.

Black symbolizes evil

(33)

Syntax

 A poet’s

choice of sentence complexity, including line length, punctuation, and sentence combining

e.e. cummings uses unique syntax in his poem

“2 little whos”

2 little whos (he and she) under are this wonderful tree smiling stand

(all realms of where and when beyond)

now and here (far from a grown -up i&you-

ful world of known) who and who

(34)

Theme

 Expresses a poet’s

vision about the world, and/or the unity and

truth of the human experience

One theme of Edward

Scissorhands is that self-discovery is part of

(35)

Tone

 A poet’s particular style or manner, a

desired emotional effect

I met a traveler from an antique land.

--Shelley, "Ozymandias"

This line immediately generates a story-telling tone, just as it is with the phrase, "Once upon a time."

Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.

--Yeats, "The Second Coming"

(36)

Verse

 A stanza, a short

section of a longer poem

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

(37)

(38)

Autobiographical

 A poem that reveals the author’s own thoughts

and experiences

I am from snapshots in the summer I am from a secret war

I am from the ocean brushing along the shore I am from fingerprints on a piano

I am from rice fields long forgotten

I am from sand that has been washed away I am from the snow falling upon the ground I am from memories my family cherishes inside.

--“I Am From” by Mai Thao

(39)

Ballad

 A poem, which tells a story and usually

rhymes every other line

The legend lives on from the Chippewa on down Of the big lake they call Gitche Gumee

The lake, it is said, never gives up her dead When the skies of November turn gloomy.

With a load of iron ore - 26,000 tons more Than the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed empty

That good ship and true was a bone to be chewed When the gales of November came early

(40)

Concrete

(41)

Epic

 A very long poem, which tells the tale

of a heroic figure

(42)

Free Verse

 Poetry that does not have a regular

meter or rhyme scheme

once a snowflake fell on my brow and i loved it so much and i kissed

it and it was happy and called its cousins and brothers and a web

of snow engulfed me then i reached to love them all

(43)

Haiku



A three-line poem usually

about a moment in nature

with a specific syllable

structure

1st: 5 syllables

2nd: 7 syllables

3rd: 5 syllables The lightning flashes!

(44)

Narrative Poem

 A long poem, which tells a story

Once upon a midnight dreary,

while I pondered, weak and weary,

Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore

While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door "'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door Only this and nothing more."

(45)

Ode

 A lyrical poem expressing feelings or

thought of a speaker, often celebrating a person, event, or thing

Beloved queen of Sparta and yet of Troy; Beauty's replica well represented on earth; As Achilles heel in respect did kneel

Fighter of no flag nor respecter of kings.

For the beauty I seek beckons you now As love in my heart groans towards heaven In bringing you down my Helen of Troy For a taste of your lips in making me smile.

(46)

Sonnet

 A 14-line poem, usually written in

iambic pentameter, with a structured rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

Love's not time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle's compass come;

Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom.

If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.

(47)

Additional/Review Terms

 Adjective:

 A part of speech that describes a noun

or pronoun. Adjectives are usually placed just before the words they

qualify: shy child, blue notebook, rotten

(48)

Additional/Review Terms

 Narrator:

 a person who gives an account or tells

the story of events, experiences, etc.

 Synonym:

 a word that means the same or nearly

(49)

Additional/Review Terms

 Tone:

 The author’s attitude towards the