ConSyst
25.
OSS development main principles
•OSS integration with other NPP instrumentation and control systems
• Identical requirements for algorithms
• Identical requirements for OSS hardware and software
• Relationships between operator responsibility and OSS responsibility
• OSS verification and validation
ConSyst
26.
OSS functions for operating power units
Safety parameters display system (SPDS) Procedures and instructions display
Systems and -components operation effectiveness determination
Generalized estimation of condition
Material balances display
ConSyst
27.
О©
Stages of OSS introduction at operating NPPs
•Functions, connected with generalized information display (SPDS, procedure display)
•Functions, providing for the estimation of main equipment operation and information display concerning technological processes elements
MMI upgrade
•Functions, providing for prediction computations and
operator advise presentation in dynamical modes
Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering, Moscow, Russian Federation
State of development and implementation of operator support systems at RBMK NPPs
N.A. Sazonov
The presentation was prepared for IAEA specialists meeting, held within the Co-ordinated Research Programme
«Operator Support Systems in NPP»
Hungary, Budapest, October 04-08,1993
Contents
1. Review of activities, related to RBMK operator
support systems 3 . . . 1 . 1 . Existing operator support systems 3 . . . 1 . 2 . Operator support systems being developed 5 . . . 1 . 3 . Preparation of Guides and standards 6 2. Results of the Russian efforts to develop and
implement OSS at RBMK plants 6 3. Lines of future activities . 7 Annex 1. List of tasks addressed by the information
support system at Leningrad NPP 9 Annex 2. List of databases essential for addressing
the tasks of the station computer network 11
SLSo
1. Review of activities related to RBMK operator support systems
1.1. Existing operator support systems
The following three systems were developed and implemented at RBMK NPPs:
D «HYD» information reference system;
D «Dasha» diagnosis system;
D RBMK operator information support system.
These systems were developed for operating personnel in the Main Control Room (MCR), based on IBM-PC/286/286 personal computers and operate under control of MS-DOS operating system.
/. 1.1. <HYD> information reference system
The «HYD» system was developed in RDIPE in collaboration with the Applied Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Leningrad NPP.
This system is designed to give the MCR personnel at Leningrad 3 easy access to operating documentation pertinent to the current plant status and to display it conveniently on a PC screen using a hypertext computer technique. Status-binding schemes, presented in the
«HYD» 1RS as data access menu, were developed by Leningrad plant personnel, which also made decision on the information to be displayed for describing the plant status.
At present Phase I of the system has been completed. Fifty one document has been introduced into the system (in total «HYD» will incorporate 163 documents). The system is being subjected to verification and is expected to be put into operation at Leningrad 3 in January 1994. Thereafter development of a similar system for Unit 4 will be started.
lines of a further development of «HYD» system are following:
D introduction into it of all planned documents;
D on-line linking with the process computer with subsequent organization, based on this link, of a computerized access to parts of documents addressing the current plant operating conditions;
D implementation of a function which enables the users to work with flowcharts larger than a PC screen.
The system is described in detail in ref. / 1 / . 1.1.2. <Dasha* diagnosis system
The «Dasha» system developed in RDIPE is intended for online diagnosis of sophisticated technological objects. It features:
П reliable identification of any single failure, included in the «Table of failures»;
D high resolution due to optimum organization of the diagnosis procedure;
D high efficiency due to using logical analysis methods for fault identification;
D capability of detection the abnormal operations at the early stage of their occurences;
D noise immunity, specifically, reliable operation under potential fluctuations in the supervised parameters and in case of partial data distortions;
D flexible structure, allowing to change the system make-up and introduce new components.
The «Dasha» system is based on fault tables, with single failures as lines and the measured parameter values as columns. Failure identification is based on Boolean algebra and pattern recognition theory.
At present the system is used for diagnosing 11 process subsystems at Ignalina plant and is introduced on Leningrad site.
«Dasha» allows:
D to monitor the process state of the diagnosed technological subsystems at the macrolevel (healthy - unhealthy) ;
D to determine the type of malfunction, its cause and location;.
D to display on a monitor digital and graphite data on any subsystem, being diagnosed;
П to recordthe diagnosis result in the archive on a user request.
A more detailed description of this system is given in ref. /2/.
1.1.3. RBMK operator information support system
The RBMK operator information support system (OISS) incorporates:
D software and hardware for communication with «Skala» centralized monitoring system (CMS);
D PC or local PC network for information support;
D software for information support.
The software includes four subsystems:
D a data acquisition subsystem for reactor plant (RP) status;
D a subsystem for data representation and control over the system operation modes;
D a subsystem for performing neutronics calculations;
D a subsystem implementing service functions of the system.
The RP status data acquisition subsystem is intended for on-line and off-line readout of the data on RP status from the «Skala» CMS and for forming of relation database in PC.
The neutronics calculation subsystem, an analogue of «Prisma» complex of «Skala»
CMS, enables to perform complete calculations, based on the code, in 1 min.
The following concepts were implemented in the core status representing subsystem:
D multiwindow data representation;
D data integration with pointing out of key parameters and their deviation from setpoints;
D concurrent graphic and digital display of parameters;
D hierarchical data details, with an option for changing from graphic characters to digital values;
D use of colour palette for presenting of physical variables fields.
Access to the required information is provided on user's demand by way of hierarchical menu.
Smolensk plant personnel was involved in development of the system.
At present the system is operating at all Smolensk units, Kursk 1 and 2. Preparations are underway to introduce it on Leningrad site /3,4/.
1.2. Operator support systems being developed The following RBMK-related activities are underway:
D a safety parameter display system is being developed;
D technical proposals was prepared for a station information support system for Leningrad NPP personnel;
D development of shop shift personnel support systems have been started.
1.2.1. Safety parameter display system
In 1992 activity has been started on developing a safety parameter display system (SPDS) for MCR operators and plant management, with the option of transmitting the required data to safety experts on jobs with the Technical Support Centre for RBMK operation and National Nuclear Power Crisis Centre.
SPDS is designed to display continuously to MCR operators certain generalized parameters describing the state of the critical plant safety functions, sufficient for supporting the personnel choice on essential corrective controlling actions, preventing and confining safety violations.
SPDS is developed by joint efforts of RDIPE and Westinghouse (USA) / 5 / .
/. 2.2. Preparation of technical proposals for an a station information support system for Leningrad NPP personnel
In April 1993 RDIPE completed the efforts taken under contract with Leningrad plant to prepare technical proposals for an a station information support system of personnel.
The objective of these efforts was to perform pre-design studies on creating an a station computer network covering all four units on Leningrad site and all station divisions. The network is planned as an infrastructure implemented on standard software and hardware, with a common data bank with a unified data classification and coding system, unified user interface.
The procedure for plant inspection was developed and 27 key plant divisions were inspected with the view of revealing the tasks subjected to computerization, assessing of personel preparedness for decision these tasks, choice the software and hardware base for performing these tasks.
As a results of these efforts three lists were prepared: of tasks to be addressed by the network (Annex 1), databases essential for this (Annex 2) and of the work places, subjected to computerization. DEC hardware (USA) was proposed to be used as the basis for implementing this project. A few versions of the system kernel were designed / 6 / .
1.2.3. Sliop shift personnel support system
Inspection of the Leningrad plant revealed that the activities of the shop shift personnel, which at Russian NPPs falls into the operating personnel, are not computerized at all, through the need for the latter is obvious.
A contract was signed between Leningrad NPP and RDIPE and activities have been started on developing and implementing an information support system for the reactor shop shift supervisor. The main objective of this system is to support performance of operating activities and shift duties.
The system is expected to be introduced by April 1994.
Hopefully, the experience gained during developing this system will contribute
essentially to further supporting activities of the shop shift personnel at Leningrad plant as a
whole.
1.3. Preparation of guides and standards
Within the contract with «Rosenergoatim» concern:
D a concept of the information support system for MCR operators of operating NPPs was elaborated;
D efforts have been started on preparing a documant «Information support systems for NPP MCR operators. General requirements».
These documents are intended to be applicable for both VVER and RBMK reactors and are being prepared by s working group, headed by Mr. V.G. Dunaev, of which I am a member.
1. 3.1. Concept of the operator information support system for operating NPPs
The concept covers:D the main definitions related to operator support system (OSS) ; D the main OSS goals and functions;
D analysis of the performance of existing operator information support systems;
D the main lines for further development of the operator information systems;
D the ways and sequence of system implementation at operating NPPs.
According to this concept, the main objective of NPP OSS is to render assistance to plant operators in assessing the current plant status and making decisions on the actions to be taken.
The above objective dictates the following key OSS functions which shall be implemented at operating plants as a priority:
D display of critical functions and safety parameters;
D procedural representation of operator actions;
D estimation of systems and components performance;
D generalized status assessment;
D representation of material balances.
1.3.2. Information support systems for NPP MCR Operators. General requirements
Also on contract with «Rosenergoatom» concern a guide «Information support systems for NPP MCR operators. General requirements» is being prepared.
This document sets guidelines and general organisational and technical requirements to the operator information support systems in the main control room (MCR) at a nuclear power unit and to procedures of development and operation such systems.
2 . Results of the Russian Efforts to develop and implement OSS at RBMK plants
Thus, at RBMK plants:
D three MCR operator support systems were developed and introduced;
D activities have been started to develop a safety parameter display system and a reactor shop shift supervisor support system;
D regulatory documents are being prepared specifying OSS application at NPPs.
The above allowed to formulate certain astects of an integrated approach to developing and implementing OSS, which consists in setting up first an on-site infrastructure:
D actually, an open computer network linked to CMS «Skala» of units and to other means for monitoring plant status;
D with a single data classification and coding approach and unified access to the data, which could then be used as a basis for drawing up various data bases and combining the latter into a data banks;
D with a unified man-machine interface.
In this case, since safety and cost-effective plant operation depends both on the plant operating and administrative personnel:
D «Operator support system» term should be extended to «Plant personnel support system»,
D «Plant personnel support system» may be a function set of a station computer network, integrated into a single software system at a workstation for specific specialist in dependence of the tasks deciding.
We have conditions for implementing the above approach. At present a computer network of IBM compatible computers is in service at Kursk (150 users) and Leningrad (50 users) sites. A similar system is being introduced at Smolensk station. This process will go ahead. As estimated based on the inspection of the Leningrad plant, a station personnel information support system shall have some 350 users.
For OSS to be a success it is essential to involve high-skilled plant personnel into all stages of development and implementation of the systems.
3. Lines of future activities
The following activities are planned for the future:
D clarify OSS functions and classify them into user groups;
D develop a data classification and coding approach;
D draw up data base on measures and calculated process parameters, archive data base and component reliability data base;
D prepare hardware and software environment on site essential for OSS implementation;
D implement some OSS functions;
D prepare regulatory documents specifying OSS application.
REFERENCES
1. Y.A. Buchstab, M.N. Mikhailov, N.A. Sazonov, «Operating Procedures ans Maintenance Documentation Presentation for NPP Control Room presonnel». Working material. Operating Procedures for Nuclear Power Plants and Their Presentation. IAEA, 1992.
2. E.O. Adamov, A.P. Eperin, O.N. Glasoc, N.V. Strepetov. The Design Concept of On-Line- Diagnosis System of a Sophisticated Technological Object. The Shell of Expert Disgnosis System «Dasha». IAEA Specialists' Meeting on Operator Support Systems in NPPs.
Russian Federation, Moscow, 17-21 May, 1993.
3. Workshop on Reactor Physics. Calculations and Experiments for Sustantiating Studies on Safe Nuclear Energy and Fuel Cycle. Code Package for Information Support of RBMK Operators. Russian Federation, Moscow, MIFI, v/o Volga, 5-9 September 1993.
4. VNIIAES. Technical report. Information Support System for RBMK-1000 MCR control enfineers. Ref. OE-3/09/93, 39 p., M., 1992.
5. АЛ. Goreîov, M.N. Mikhailov, V.A. Proshin. Development of a Safety Parameter Display System for RBMK NPPs. IAEA Specialists' Meeting on Operator Support Systems in NPPs. Russian Federation, Moscow, 17-21 May, 1993.
6. RDIPE. Study Report. Preparation of Technical Proposals for an All-Station Information Support System for Leningrad NPP personnel. Ref. 140-001-4338, 188 p., M., 1993.
7. V.G. Dunaev, V.V. Golovanov. Concept of an Operator Information Support System Operating NPPs. IAEA Specialists' Meeting on Operator Support Systems in NPPs. Russian Federation Moscow, 17-21 May, 1993.
