Climate change. Source : Stern Review

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Issues for regulation of agricultural

biotechnology in Burkina Faso

A Presentation by

Drissa Sérémé, Ph.D.

Deputy Director of Virology and Plant Biotechnology Lab of INERA Member of International Joint Laboratory Phato-Bios INERA-IRD

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-Outline of Presentation

Outline of Presentation

•• ContextContext

•• Regulation Regulation of agricultural of agricultural biotechnologybiotechnology

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Context

Population growth and human migrations Population growth and human migrations Growing

Growing inequalitiesinequalities Population

Population dietarydietary habits modificationhabits modification Population

Population dietarydietary habits modificationhabits modification Environment

Environment degradationdegradation (Eau, Terre etc(Eau, Terre etc…) …) Climate

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Climate change

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Need for Africa to improve the agricultural productivity Need for Africa to improve the agricultural productivity

to feed growing populations while supporting to feed growing populations while supporting

economic development and preserving the economic development and preserving the

Agriculture

Challenge

…

economic development and preserving the economic development and preserving the

environment environment

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What

What to DO …?

to DO …?

How to DO… ?

The status quo is not an option

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One of the solution is…

Promoting

Promoting Agricultural

Agricultural

Promoting

Promoting Agricultural

Agricultural

Biotechnology

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The

The African

African leaders

leaders are

are convinced

convinced that

that Science

Science and

and

Technology

Technology are

are the

the key

key option

option for

for improving

improving the

the

agricultural

agricultural productivity

productivity in

in Africa

Africa

Promoting

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Agr

Agr.

.

Bio

Biotechnology & Biosafety

technology & Biosafety

•• TheThe adventadvent ofof modernmodern biotechnologybiotechnology andand especiallyespecially potential

potential forfor itsits applicationapplication inin foodfood processing,processing, andand environmental

environmental managementmanagement waswas seenseen asas aa breakthroughbreakthrough inin dealing

dealing withwith problemsproblems thatthat faceface mankindmankind (World(World Bank,Bank, 2008

2008;; FAO,FAO, 20042004))..

•• However,However, developmentdevelopment andand applicationapplication ofof biotechnologybiotechnology inin

a

a safesafe andand sustainablesustainable mannermanner remainsremains aa subjectsubject ofof considerable

considerable debatedebate worldwideworldwide.. The

The onlyonly wayway toto balancebalance thethe potentialpotential benefitsbenefits andand risksrisks asas well

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Toxicology Allergies ? Antibiotique ? Agriculture Pratiques culturales ?

…Because

culturales ? Price ?

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…And add to this

S

Slow low and steady wins the raceand steady wins the race

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Cartagena Protocol on

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

Biosafety

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LAW

It determines It determines the the terms and terms and conditions for the use

conditions for the use of of GMO GMO and

and theirs theirs products products (Excepted (Excepted pharmaceutical products)

pharmaceutical products)

It Fixes the institutional It Fixes the institutional framework framework Amended in december 2013 Adopted 17 march 2006 Adopted 17 march 2006 Promulgated 13 April 2006 Promulgated 13 April 2006

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National competent authority

National Biosecurity Agency

National advisory organs

MRSI

Burkina Faso Biosafety Frameworks

National Biosecurity

Observatory (ONB) _{Committee of Biosecurity}National Scientific

(CSNB)

33

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REGULATION

REGULATION IMPLICATION ON

IMPLICATION ON

INERA

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Major steps of

Major steps of Bt

Bt Cotton introduction

Cotton introduction

20032003 :: IntroductionIntroduction ofof BtBt cottoncotton byby INERAINERA forfor confinedconfined Field

Field TrialTrial 2003

2003--20052005:: ConfinedConfined FieldField TrialTrial atat FarakoFarako--BâBâ andand Kouare

Kouare researchresearch stationsstations

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Major steps of

Major steps of Bt

Bt Cotton introduction

Cotton introduction

2006

2006--20072007 :: BtBt genegene transferttransfert fromfrom USAUSA cottoncotton varietiesvarieties to

to INERA’sINERA’s oneone byby backcrossbackcross

2008

2008--20092009 :: BeginningBeginning ofof GMGM BollgardBollgard IIII commercialcommercial seeds

seeds productionproduction andand fieldfield productionproduction

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Step

Step before

before confined

confined trial…

trial…

Step

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CCotton otton sectorsector stakeholdersstakeholders ((ProducersProducers, , cottoncotton companies

companies ))

Cotton Cotton productsproducts usersusers (huileries, filateurs…)(huileries, filateurs…)

ResearchResearch

Stakeholders

Stakeholders identification and implication

identification and implication

Policy Policy makersmakers

Civil Civil societysociety

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-- Fill

Fill out an application

out an application form

form and sent

and sent it

it to

to the

the

registrar at the

registrar at the National Biosafety Agency (ANB)

National Biosafety Agency (ANB)

-- Evaluation of the application

Evaluation of the application by the advisory

by the advisory

committee (CSNB ET ONB)

committee (CSNB ET ONB) which makes a

which makes a

Authorizations

Authorizations issue

issue

committee (CSNB ET ONB)

committee (CSNB ET ONB) which makes a

which makes a

recommendations

recommendations ::

* Importation permit

* Permit to

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Company

Company researchresearch agreementagreement

Objectives

Objectives DefinitionDefinition

IIdentifyingdentifying potential adverse effects that might potential adverse effects that might result

result from from genetic modification by comparing the genetic modification by comparing the GM crops with

GM crops with its nonits non--conventional conventional counterpartcounterpart

Scientific process

Scientific process of…

of…

Predicting

Predicting the possibility that the identified the possibility that the identified potential adverse

potential adverse effect will effect will occur occur evaluating evaluating the the identified risk

identified risk To

To assess the potential Socioassess the potential Socio--Economic impact of Economic impact of the GM Products

the GM Products To

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TRIALS

TRIALS CONFINEMENT FOR

CONFINEMENT FOR

PREVENTING

PREVENTING GENE

PREVENTING

GENE

GENE FLOW

GENE

FLOW

PREVENTING

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6 4 -S t5 9 A n t 5 9 -F k 2 9 0 t 5 8 -F k 3 7 n t 5 7 -F k 3 7 p v 5 6 -F k 2 9 0 n t 4 9 -B g II a 5 0 -B g II b 5 4 -D p 5 0 p v 5 5 -B g II t 5 1 -S t5 9 A p v 6 2 -S t5 9 A t 6 1 -D p 5 0 n t 6 0 -F k 2 9 0 p v 4 1 -F k 3 7 p v 4 4 -B g II n t 4 5 -F k 2 9 0 n t 4 6 -S t5 9 A t 4 8 -D p 5 0 t 4 7 -S t5 9 A p v 4 3 -F k 2 9 0 t 4 2 -F k 3 7 n t 4 0 -F k 3 7 t 3 5 -B g II t 3 6 -B g II b 3 7 -S t5 9 A n t 3 3 -B g II a 3 4 -D p 5 0 p v 3 8 -F k 2 9 0 p v 3 9 -D p 5 0 n t B a n d e d e 1 5 m e m b la v ée a v ec d u c o to n l o c a l B a n d e d e 0 2 m n o n e m b l a v é e e n c o t o n 6 3 -F k 3 7 t A l l é e d e 0 2 m d e l a r g e e n t r e l e s r é p é t i t i o n s A l l é e d e 0 2 m d e l a r g e e n t r e l e s r é p é t i t i o n s 5 3 -D p 5 0 t 5 2 -B g II n t 1 5 m R e p ét it io n I V R e p é tit io n I II 2 m 6 , 4 m 1 0 m 2 m 2 m 2 m 1 2 4 ,8 m 1 0 m 1 0 m 1 0 m 1 0 m 1 ,2 m 1 ,2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m

Bt

Bt cotton

cotton field trial

field trial Design

Design –

– Test of efficacy

Test of efficacy

2 5 -F k 2 9 0 t 2 8 -F k 3 7 t 2 9 -F k 2 9 0 n t 3 0 -S t5 9 A t 3 2 -S t5 9 A n t 3 1 -S t5 9 A p v 2 7 -B g II n t 2 6 -D p 5 0 t 2 4 -F k 2 9 0 p v 1 7 -B g II a 1 8 -B g II b 2 2 -D p 5 0 p v 2 3 -D p 5 0 n t 2 1 -F k 3 7 n t 2 0 -F k 3 7 p v 1 9 -B g II t 1 -B g II a 2 -B g II b 6 -D p 5 0 p v 7 -D p 5 0 n t 1 6 -F k 2 9 0 t 1 5 -S t5 9 A p v 1 1 -B g II t 1 0 -F k 3 7 n t 8 -F k 3 7 t 1 4 -S t5 9 A t 1 3 -D p 5 0 t 1 2 -F k 2 9 0 p v 5 -F k 2 9 0 n t 4 -B g II n t 3 -F k 3 7 p v 9 -S t5 9 A n t B a n d e d e 1 5 m e m b la v ée a v ec d u c o to n l o c a l A l l é e d e 0 2 m d e l a r g e e n t r e l e s r é p é t i t i o n s A l l é e d e 0 2 m d e l a r g e e n t r e l e s r é p é t i t i o n s R ep é tit io n I I R e p é tit io n I 9 3 ,6 m 1 5 m 2 m 2 m 1 5 m 2 m 2 m 1 , 2 1 5 m 1 2 4 ,8 m 6 , 4 m 6 , 4 m 6 , 4 m 6 , 4 m 6 , 4 m 1 , 2 m 1 , 2 m 1 , 2 m 1 0 m 1 0 m 1 0 m 1 0 m 1 ,2 m 2 m 1 ,2 m 6 , 4 m 6 , 4 m 6 , 4 m 1 , 2 m 1 ,2 m 2 m 1 , 2 m 1 , 2 m 1 , 2 m 1 , 2 m

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Confinement

Confinement Trial

Trial

Abri grillagé Abri grillagé Bande de Bande de protection de 15 m protection de 15 m minimum minimum

Essai isolé à plus de 300 M de tout autre champ de coton Essai isolé à plus de 300 M de tout autre champ de coton Allée (2 m)

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26 26

Interior

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POST

POST---HARVEST MONITORING

HARVEST MONITORING

MEASURES

MEASURES FOR MATERIAL

FOR MATERIAL

MEASURES

MEASURES FOR MATERIAL

FOR MATERIAL

CONFINEMENT

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Plant

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Seeds

Seeds and plants destruction

and plants destruction

Grow

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Measures to prevent seed dispersal

Restricted access, Restricted access, L Labellingabelling,, Counting Counting,, Packaging Packaging Storage Storage Transport Transport

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COMMUNICATION &

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Challenge: Communication

Challenge: Communication with Public

with Public

•• Fields Fields periodicperiodic visitsvisits

•• Open Open daysdays

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Field

Field visits

visits

ProducersProducers ResearchersResearchers MediaMedia

TechnicalTechnical ministriesministries(MECV(MECV, MAHRH, MESSRS), MAHRH, MESSRS)

Policy Policy makersmakers

Cotton Cotton companiescompanies Civil society

Civil society

Civil societyCivil society

Organisations (ACA, ISAAA, Ambassades…)Organisations (ACA, ISAAA, Ambassades…)

Partenaire Partenaire MONSANTOMONSANTO

MAHRH, 2006, Boni MAHRH, 2006, Boni ISAAA, 2006

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BT

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Economic

Economic importanceimportance ofof cowpeacowpea inin BurkinaBurkina Insects

Insects attaksattaks constituteconstitute thethe majormajor constraintconstraint toto cowpea

cowpea productionproduction:: losseslosses 6060--8080 %% duedue toto Maruca

Maruca vitratavitrata insectinsect

Bt

Bt--Cowpea introduction in Burkina Faso

Cowpea introduction in Burkina Faso

Justification

Maruca

Maruca vitratavitrata insectinsect Lack

Lack ofof geneticgenetic sourcesource ofof resistanceresistance againstagainst thisthis insect insect

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Context before experimentation

Context was

Context was favored by INERA experience on favored by INERA experience on BtBt cottoncotton Similitude between

Similitude between MarucaMaruca mode of actions and those mode of actions and those of

of HelicoverpaHelicoverpa on cottonon cotton

National expertise strengthened on gene flow, National expertise strengthened on gene flow, Maruca’s

Maruca’s biology and biology and ecology etc.ecology etc.

Study tours in Brazil, South Africa, Nigeria etc. Study tours in Brazil, South Africa, Nigeria etc.

November

November 20102010 :: PermitPermit toto importimport andand toto experimentexperiment issued

issued byby ANBANB Project

Project PartnersPartners :: -- AATFAATF -- CORAFCORAF -- USAIDUSAID

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Bt

Bt--cowpea

cowpea confined

confined trial

trial

Bt

Bt genegene transferttransfert fromfrom USAUSA cowpeacowpea

varieties

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AFRICAN

AFRICAN BIOFORTIFIED

BIOFORTIFIED

SORGHUM IN

SORGHUM IN BURKINA

BURKINA

SORGHUM IN

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…

…Others

Others ongoing

ongoing biotech

biotech

African

African BiofortifiedBiofortified Sorghum (ABS): Sorghum (ABS):

Nutritionally enhanced sorghum for marginal

Nutritionally enhanced sorghum for marginal areas in areas in AfricaAfrica

Technology Technology Development Development Pioneer Pioneer UC Berkeley UC Berkeley CSIR CSIR Product Development

Product Development ICRISATICRISAT

Product Development

Product Development ICRISATICRISAT ARC ,

ARC , INERA, KARIINERA, KARI

University of Pretoria University of Pretoria

Enabling Environment Enabling Environment & Product Distribution & Product Distribution

Africa Harvest Africa Harvest AATF AATF CORAF CORAF

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…

…Others

Others ongoing

ongoing biotech

biotech

Tissus

Tissus culture: culture: PotatoePotatoe micropropagationmicropropagation

-- EconomicEconomic Importance Importance

--SeedSeed qualityquality contribution to contribution to yieldsyields: about 40 %: about 40 % -- PotatoePotatoe seedsseeds are are importedimported

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OPEN FORUM ON

AGRICULTURAL

BIOTECHNOLOGY (OFAB)

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OFAB

OFAB waswas initiatedinitiated byby AATFAATF inin 20062006 toto facilitatefacilitate structuredstructured and

and regularregular discussionsdiscussions onon pertinentpertinent issuesissues onon modernmodern biotechnology

biotechnology research,research, developmentdevelopment andand deploymentdeployment inin Africa

Africa.. It

It aimsaims atat enhancingenhancing understandingunderstanding ofof biotechnologybiotechnology toto It

It aimsaims atat enhancingenhancing understandingunderstanding ofof biotechnologybiotechnology toto inform

inform decisiondecision makingmaking.. InIn additionaddition toto BurkinaBurkina Faso,Faso, OFABOFAB isis operational

operational inin fivefive otherother AfricanAfrican countriescountries -- Kenya,Kenya, Uganda,Uganda, Nigeria,

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OFAB

OFAB BurkinaBurkina isis thethe firstfirst OFABOFAB chapterchapter inin FrancophoneFrancophone Africa

Africa andand isis aa collaborativecollaborative efforteffort betweenbetween thethe AfricanAfrican Agricultural

Agricultural TechnologyTechnology FoundationFoundation (AATF)(AATF) andand thethe Environment

Environment andand AgriculturalAgricultural ResearchResearch InstituteInstitute (INERA(INERA))

22 October 2012: OFAB Africa Launches Burkina Faso Chapter

Environment

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RECOMBINANTE PROTEIN

PRODUCTION IN PLANTA

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…

…Others

Others ongoing

ongoing biotech

biotech

Strategy

Using

Using plantplant virusvirus silencingsilencing suppressors,suppressors, wewe havehave developed

developed technictechnic toto produceproduce inin quantityquantity aa proteinprotein of

of interestinterest byby coco--agroinfiltrationagroinfiltration ofof tabaccotabacco (N(N.. benthamiana benthamiana))

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Patent

Patent:: MeansMeans forfor thethe transienttransient productionproduction inin plantsplants ofof recombinantrecombinant proteins

proteins thatthat cancan bebe usedused inin particularparticular inin prophylaxisprophylaxis andand inin therapeuticstherapeutics WO

WO 20112011//148331148331 AA11

co

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The

The fruitfulfruitful collaborationcollaboration betweenbetween INERAINERA andand IRDIRD lead

lead recentlyrecently (sept(sept 20132013)) toto thethe developmentdevelopment ofof an

an InternationalInternational JointJoint LaboratoryLaboratory (LMI)(LMI) hostedhosted byby INERA

INERA

Observatory

Observatory ofof plantplant pathogenspathogens inin WestWest AfricaAfrica::

Biodiversity

Biodiversity andand BiosafetyBiosafety

Partnership…

Biodiversity

Biodiversity andand BiosafetyBiosafety

Aim

Aim:: toto developdevelop aa plantplant observatoryobservatory openopen platformplatform toto promote

promote thethe emergenceemergence andand thethe realizationrealization ofof newnew collaborative

collaborative projectsprojects onon plantplant pathogenspathogens andand especially

especially onon agriculturalagricultural biotechnologybiotechnology

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A single finger cannot take a stone A single finger cannot take a stone

Union makes strength Union makes strength

Because…

When the canvases of spiders unite, When the canvases of spiders unite, they can attack a lion

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Pour terminer…

La

Biotechnologie

responsable et

intelligente

n’est

pas l’ennemi,

L’ ennemi, c’est

L’ ennemi, c’est la

la

faim et la

famine.

Norman E. Borlaug (

Norman E. Borlaug (FeuFeu))

1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate

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Notre avis reflète à la fois la prudence que

Avis…

Les

Les biotech

biotech ne sont pas

ne sont pas

certainement la panacée….

Notre avis reflète à la fois la prudence que

doit susciter toute innovation scientifique

et la nécessité pour la science de ne pas

ignorer un front de progrès des

connaissances…

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MERCI POUR VOTRE ATTENTION SOUTENUE

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