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What’s New
New Flow Assurance Book
New Flow Assurance Book
£138UK Pounds
£138UK Pounds
Flow Assurance is
Flow Assurance is becoming one becoming one of the of the most critical elements in most critical elements in the design the design and operation and operation of oil and of oil and gas field developments. This is because the flow assurance issues such as hydrates, wax and slugging gas field developments. This is because the flow assurance issues such as hydrates, wax and slugging
etc. have greater potential to occur in
etc. have greater potential to occur in deepwater and long distance tie-deepwater and long distance tie- backs with the necessity to backs with the necessity to avoid flow path blockages, ensure the integrity avoid flow path blockages, ensure the integrity of the production system and avoid unstable of the production system and avoid unstable operating conditions. This requires operating conditions. This requires consideration of these issues in greater levels consideration of these issues in greater levels of detail to enable proper control and of detail to enable proper control and management strategies to be developed. management strategies to be developed. Numerous
Numerous flow flow assurance assurance mitigationmitigation technologies are being developed by oil technologies are being developed by oil operating, as well as contracting companies. operating, as well as contracting companies. The intension of this book is many fold but with The intension of this book is many fold but with the prime objective of providing a reference to the prime objective of providing a reference to
the subject of Flow Assurance associated with the subject of Flow Assurance associated with the exploitation of oil and gas
the exploitation of oil and gas fields. It is hoped fields. It is hoped that the book also provides an understanding that the book also provides an understanding of thefundamentals as well as the state of the of thefundamentals as well as the state of the current art in Flow Assurance analyses current art in Flow Assurance analyses associated with the design and operations of associated with the design and operations of oil and gas fields in 2011. Where it has not oil and gas fields in 2011. Where it has not been possible to provide detailed solution been possible to provide detailed solution techniques due to the complexity of the techniques due to the complexity of the mathematics that
mathematics that require require iterativeiterative computational techniques, simplified equations computational techniques, simplified equations have been identified to enable a first order have been identified to enable a first order estimate solutions. This book can be used by estimate solutions. This book can be used by both
both graduate graduate and and post post graduate graduate students,students, practicing
practicing process process engineers engineers and and engineers engineers inin other disciplines that require an understanding other disciplines that require an understanding of Flow Assurance, associated with reservoir of Flow Assurance, associated with reservoir oil and gas production, as well as lecturers in oil and gas production, as well as lecturers in advanced study courses associated with advanced study courses associated with academic training.
academic training.
The book is structured to provide: The book is structured to provide:
Flow Assurance for transporting reservoir production fluids between the reservoir and the host Flow Assurance for transporting reservoir production fluids between the reservoir and the host processing facility as well as providi
processing facility as well as providing the basics of oil and gas reservoirs and host processingng the basics of oil and gas reservoirs and host processing facilities.
facilities.
Flow Assurance is defined, Flow Assurance is defined,
Reservoir production fluids discussed, Reservoir production fluids discussed,
Economics considered and host processing facilities options presented. Economics considered and host processing facilities options presented. Flow Assurance issues that are confronted in the development of
Flow Assurance issues that are confronted in the development of oil and gas reservoirs/fieldsoil and gas reservoirs/fields are evaluated in detail as well as methods
are evaluated in detail as well as methods presented to assist in the design and operations of presented to assist in the design and operations of systems such as:
systems such as: o
o Production wells, manifolds, flow lines, pipelines and risers for subsea fields as well as Production wells, manifolds, flow lines, pipelines and risers for subsea fields as well as onshore field development and operation for the
onshore field development and operation for the life of these fields.life of these fields. A practical case study in the development o
A practical case study in the development of flow assurance methods for an oil field is alsof flow assurance methods for an oil field is also included in this book. It is hoped
included in this book. It is hoped that this case study illustrates the application of flowthat this case study illustrates the application of flow assurance solution methods as guidance for practicing engineers, project managers and assurance solution methods as guidance for practicing engineers, project managers and
investment institutions or individuals that are involved directly or indirectly in the exploitation investment institutions or individuals that are involved directly or indirectly in the exploitation of oil and gas fields either onshore or offshore.
The complexities of multiphase flow have been discussed along
The complexities of multiphase flow have been discussed along with the evaluation of each of with the evaluation of each of the main flow assurance issues that are required for the design and
the main flow assurance issues that are required for the design and operation of theoperation of the transportation systems.
transportation systems.
Subsea technologies that provide the economic
Subsea technologies that provide the economic value for offshore reservoir exploitation havevalue for offshore reservoir exploitation have been summarised.
been summarised.
A chapter dedicated to reducing the environmental impact of releasing hydrocarbons into the A chapter dedicated to reducing the environmental impact of releasing hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.
atmosphere.
It is hoped that the readers of this book enjoy the scientifi
It is hoped that the readers of this book enjoy the scientific and engineering methodologies presented c and engineering methodologies presented in the required flow assurance philosophies for the safe and e
in the required flow assurance philosophies for the safe and e conomic exploitation of oil and gasconomic exploitation of oil and gas fields and the associated environmental pollution reductions. Furt
fields and the associated environmental pollution reductions. Further that, young engineers can takeher that, young engineers can take some of the ideas presented and develop new innovations to take the energy sector well into the 21 some of the ideas presented and develop new innovations to take the energy sector well into the 21 st st
century. century.
The
The AuAu thor.thor. Dr. KS Johal (B.Sc., PhD, FEI) Dr. KS Johal (B.Sc., PhD, FEI)
Is the Managing Director of Fluids in Motion Lim
Is the Managing Director of Fluids in Motion Limited, a consultancyited, a consultancy company providing Flow Assurance expertise to Oil and Gas
company providing Flow Assurance expertise to Oil and Gas Operating and Contracting companies. He has over
Operating and Contracting companies. He has over 35 years’ 35 years’
experience in providing specialist training and advisory services for experience in providing specialist training and advisory services for the exploitation and development of Oil & G
the exploitation and development of Oil & Gas fields. Technical as fields. Technical expertise in multi-phase flow dynamics related to the design and expertise in multi-phase flow dynamics related to the design and operational analysis of subsea facilities systems in the North Sea, operational analysis of subsea facilities systems in the North Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the Middle/Far East. Specialist expertise in Gulf of Mexico and the Middle/Far East. Specialist expertise in areas of multi-phase transients hydrates and wax / asphaltenes areas of multi-phase transients hydrates and wax / asphaltenes issues associated with subsea deepwater and onshore field issues associated with subsea deepwater and onshore field
developments. An exceptional academic background supported by developments. An exceptional academic background supported by practical experience of diverse projects worldwide, along with practical experience of diverse projects worldwide, along with
numerous publications at key conferences. Particular interests in numerous publications at key conferences. Particular interests in developing novel and innovative technologies for subsea
developing novel and innovative technologies for subsea
applications to solve difficult flow assurance problem areas and applications to solve difficult flow assurance problem areas and improve field development economics.
improve field development economics.
To purchase book To purchase book
Contact the author and you will receive a signed copy: Contact the author and you will receive a signed copy: (Dr. Kashmir Johal- Director)
(Dr. Kashmir Johal- Director) Fluids in Motion Limited. Fluids in Motion Limited.
www.fluidsinmotion.com www.fluidsinmotion.com 0044(0)7730 852 333 0044(0)7730 852 333 0044 (0)8453922129 0044 (0)8453922129 0044 (0)2083633696 0044 (0)2083633696
Remember to provide your mailing address and the number of books required when ordering. To Remember to provide your mailing address and the number of books required when ordering. To purchase remit £138.00 Please make payment via Paypal.
purchase remit £138.00 Please make payment via Paypal.
Contents
Contents
S
Seeccttiioonn PPaaggee
F
Fllooww AAssssuurraannccee 00
F
Frroom m RReesseerrvvooiir r tto o HHoosst t PPrroocceessssiinng g FFaacciilliittyy.. 00 P
Prreeffaaccee 22
C
Cooppyyrriigghhtt&& WWaarrrraannttyy 33
C Coonntteennttss 44 C Chhaapptteerr11 1100 1 1.. IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN 1010 1
1..11 FFlluuiidds s iin n MMoottiioon n LLiimmiitteed d ((FFIIMM)):: 1111 C
Chhaapptteerr22 1144
2.0
2.0 FLOW ASSURANCE, INDUSTRY OUTLOOK, ECONOMICS ANDFLOW ASSURANCE, INDUSTRY OUTLOOK, ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT 1414
2
2..11 CCoommmmoon n FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e DDeeffiinniittiioonnss 1144 2
2..22 IInndduussttrryy OOuuttllooookk 1155
2
2..33 EEccoonnoommiiccss 1166
2
2..33..11 LLooccaall IInnffrraa--ssttrruuccttuurree 1166 2
2..33..22 WWaatteerr DDeepptthh 1166
2
2..33..33 TTiiee--BBaacckk DDiissttaannccee 1166
2
2..33..44 CCaappiittaal l aannd d OOppeerraattiinng g eexxppeennddiittuurre e CCoossttss 1166 2
2..44 TThhe e EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaal l IImmpplliiccaattiioonns s oof f OOiil l PPrroodduuccttiioonn 1188 C
Chhaapptteerr33 2200
3
3 FFRROOM M RREESSEERRVVOOIIRR………… 2020 3
3..11 OOiillFFoorrmmaattiioonn 2200
3
3
3..33 TTrraappss 2233
3
3..44 RReesseerrvvooiirr AApppprraaiissaall 2244
3
3..55 DDrriivveeMMeecchhaanniissmmss 2244
3
3..66 PPrreeddiiccttiinng g RReesseerrvvooiir r FFlluuiidds s CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss 2255 3
3..77 RReesseerrvvooiirr FFlluuiiddTTyyppeess 2255
3
3..88 FFlluuiiddssCChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn 2266 C
Chhaapptteerr44 2277
4
4 ——— — TTO O HHOOSST T PPRROOCCEESSSSIINNG G FFAACCIILLIITTYY 2727 4
4..11 CCoonnvveennttiioonnaal l SShhaalllloow w WWaatteer r PPllaattffoorrmm 2277 4
4..22 TTeennssiioonnLeegL g PPllaattffoorrmmss 2288
4
4..33 TThhee SSPPAARR PPllaattffoorrmm 2299
4
4..44 FFllooaattiinng g PPrroodduuccttiioonn, , SSttoorraagge e aannd d OOffffsshhoorre e LLooaaddiinngg.. 3300 4
4..55 SSuummmmaarry y oof f PPllaattffoorrm m CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss.. 3300 C
Chhaapptteerr55 3322
5
5 TTRARANSNSPPORORTTATATIIOON N FFLLOW OW AASSSSURURAANCNCE E IISSSSUEUESS 3232 5
5..11 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn:: 3322
5
5..22 FFllooww AAssssuurraanncceeIIssssuueess:: 3333
5
5..22..11 HHyyddrraatteess 3333
5
5..22..22 WWaaxx 3344
5
5..22..33 AAsspphhaalltteenneess 3355
5
5..22..44 NNaapptthhaannaatteess 3366
5 5..22..55 SSlluuggggiinngg 3366 5 5..22..66 CCoorrrroossiioonn 3377 5 5..22..77 EErroossiioonn 3377 5 5..22..88 EEmmuullssiioonnss 3388 5 5..22..99 SSccaalleess 3399 C Chhaapptteerr66 4411 6
6 CCOOMMPPLLEEXXIITTIIEES S OOF F MMUULLTTIIPPHHAASSE E FFLLOOWW 4141 6
6..11 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 4411
6
6..22 MMaatthheemmaattiiccaal l MMooddeell- - StteeaadS dy y SSttaatte e FFllooww 4433 6
6..22..11 OOnne e DDiimmeennssiioonnaal l SStteeaaddy y SSttaatte e TThheerrmmaal l BBaallaanncce e EEqquuaattiioonnss:: 4466 6
6..22..22 OOnne e DDiimmeennssiioonnaal l PPiippeelliinne e CCooool l DDoowwnn:: 5511 6
6..22..33 OOnne e DDiimmeennssiioonnaal l UUnnsstteeaaddy y SSttaatte e CCoonndduuccttiioonn:: 5555 6
6..22..44 JJoouullee--TThhoommppssoon n TTeemmppeerraattuurre e EEffffeeccttss.. 5588 6
6..22..5 M5 Muullttiipphhaasse e FFlloow w CCoorrrreellaattiioonnss 6611 6
6..22..66 GGaassPPrrooppeerrttiieess:: 6644
6
6..22..77 CCoommppoossiittiioonnaal l MMooddeells s aannd d tthhe e EEqquuaattiioonns s oof f SSttaattee:: 6655 6
6..22..88 TThheerrmmaallHHeeaatt TTrraannssffeerr 6699 6
6..33 TTrraannssiieennt t SSttaatte e MeecchM haanniissttiic c MMooddeellss:: 7722 6
6
6..44 SSeennssiittiivviitty y oof f MuMullttiipphhaasse e ppaarraammeetteerrss:: 8811 6
6..55 UUnncceerrttaaiinnttiiees s iin n DDaatta a & & LLiimmiittaattiioonns s oof f DDeessiiggn n TToooollss 8844 6
6..55..11 FFlluuiidd PPrrooppeerrttiieess:: 8855
6
6..55..22 RReesseerrvvooiirr BBeehhaavviioouurr:: 8855 6
6..55..3 W3 Weelll l aannd d EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaal l DDaattaa:: 8855 6
6..55..44 PPrreeddiiccttiivveeTTeecchhnniiqquueess:: 8855 6
6..66 FFiieelldd DDaattaaAAccqquuiissiittiioonn 8866
6
6..66..1 D1 Daatta a TTrraannssmmiissssiioon n / / CCoolllleeccttiioonn:: 8877 6
6..66..22 DDaattaaAAnnaallyyssiiss:: 8877
6
6..66..33 VVaalliiddaattiioonn:: 8877
6
6..66..4 F4 Fuurrtthheer r EEffffoorrtts s RReeqquuiirreed d iin n RR&&DD 8877 6
6..77 IInntteeggrraatteed d TThheerrmmoo--HHyyddrraauulliiccss 8888 6
6..88 SSuurrggeeAAnnaallyyssiiss 8899
6
6..99 NNoonn-- NNeewwttoonniiaannFFlluuiidd FFllooww.. 9977 C
Chhaapptteerr77 110000
7
7.0.0 EEVAVALLUAUATTIING NG FFLLOOW AW ASSSSURURAANCNCEE 100100 7
7..11 HHyyddrraatteess 110000
7
7..11..11 PPrreevveennttiinng g HHyyddrraattees s TThhrroouuggh h OOppeerraattiioonnaal l PPhhiilloossoopphhiieess 110022 7
7..11..2 B2 Beenneeffiitts s oof f LLaabboorraattoorry y TTeessttss 110044 7
7..22 WWaaxx 110066
7
7..33 AAsspphhaalltteenneess 111100
7
7..44 NNaapphhtthheennaatteess 111111
7 7..55 SSlluuggggiinngg 111133 7 7..66 SSccaalleess 111155 7 7..77 EEmmuullssiioonnss 111166 7 7..88 CCoorrrroossiioonn 111188 7 7..99 EErroossiioonn 112222 7
7..1100 CCoommppuuttaattiioonnaal l FFlluuiid d AAnnaallyyssiis s ffoor r SSuubbsseea a PPrroodduuccttiioon n SSyysstteemmss.. 112277 C
Chhaapptteerr88 112299
8
8 OFOFFSFSHOHORE RE FIFIELELD DD DESESIGIGN, N, DEDEVEVELLOPOPMEMENT NT ANAND OD OPEPERARATITIONONS:S: 129129 8
8..11 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn 112299
8
8..22 DDeessiiggnn FFlleexxiibbiilliittyy 113300
8
8..33 OOvveerrccoommiinng g OpOpeerraattiioonnaal l IIssssuueess 113300 8
8..44 AAppppllyyiinng g OOppeerraattiioonnaal l CCoonnssttrraaiinnttss 113333 8
8..55 RReesseerrvvooiirr MMooddeell 113344
8
8..66 SSuubbsseeaaPPrroodduuccttiioonn SSyysstteemm 114400 8
8..77 SSuubbsseea a PPrroodduuccttiioon n EEqquuiippmmeenntt 114411 8
8..88 FFlloowwlliinneessaanndd PPiippeelliinneess 114444 8
8..99 RRiisseerrss 114455
8
8
8..1111 GGaas s RReelleeaasse e iinntto o tthhe e AAttmmoosspphheerree:: 115522 8
8..1111..11 GGaassFFllaarree DDeessiiggnn:: 115533
8
8..1111..22 GGaas s RReelleeaasse e aannd d DDiissppeerrssiioonn.. 115599 C
Chhaapptteerr99 116666
9
9 CACASE SE SSTUTUDYDY: C: Cononceceppt Ot Offffshshorore Fe Fieield ld DeDevevelolopmpmenent:t: 166166 9
9..11 FFiieelldd DDeevveellooppmmeenntt DDaattaa:: 116666 9
9..22 SSiizziinng g oof f PPiippeelliinne e aannd d RRiisseerrss.. 117700 9
9..33 PPrroodduuccttiioon n PrroP offiillees s EssttiimE maattee.. 117711 9
9..44 SSeelleeccttiioon n oof f TTeecchhnnoollooggy y ffoor r tthhe e DDeevveellooppmmeenntt.. 117722 9
9..55 FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e CChhaalllleennggees s aannd d tthheeiir r MMiittiiggaattiioonn.. 117733 9
9..66 PPiippeelliinnee CCoooollDDoowwnn:: 119900
9
9..77 PPiippeelliinnee RRiisseerr WWaarrmm--UUpp 119922 9
9..88 HHoot t OOiil l FFlluusshhiinng g aannd d SSuurrgge e AAnnaallyyssiiss.. 119933 9
9..99 PPiippeelliinne e DeepD prreessssuurriissaattiioonn.. 119955 9
9..1100 FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e MMaannaaggeemmeenntt.. 119966 9
9..1100..11 FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e SSttrraatteeggyy 119966 9
9..1100..22 FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e MaanM naaggeemmeennt t PPllaann 119977 C
Chhaapptteerr1100 220099
1
100 NNEEW W TTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGIIEESS:: 209209 1
100..11 PPootteennttiiaal l FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e SSoolluuttiioon n OOppttiioonnss:: 220099 1
100..22 SSuubbsseeaaTeecchT hnnoollooggiieess:: 221100 1
100..33 PPaassttUUssee OOff TTeecchhnnoollooggiieess:: 221111 1
100..44 EExxiissttiinng g SSuubbsseea a TTeecchhnnoollooggiieess:: 221122 1
100..55 FFuuttuurre e SSuubbsseea a TTeecchhnnoollooggy y DDeeppllooyymmeennt t PPootteennttiiaall:: 221133 1
100..66 SSuubbsseea a TTeecchhnnoollooggy y BBeenneeffiittss:: 221133 1
100..77 GGaas s tto o LLiiqquuiidds s AAbbssoorrppttiioon n TTeecchhnnoollooggy y ((GGTTLLAA)):: 221144 1
100..77..11 HHyyddrraatteesswwiitthh GGLLTTAA:: 221144 1
100..77..22 SSlluuggggiinngg wiitthw hGGTTLLAA:: 221144 1
100..77..33 PPiippeelliinne e CCoorrrroossiioon n wwiitth h GGTTLLAA:: 221155 1
100..77..44 WWaax x DDeeppoossiittiioon n wwiitth h GGTTLLAA:: 221166 1
100..77..55 EErroossiioonn wwiitthh GGTTLLAA:: 221177 1
100..77..66 SSccaalliinng g PPootteennttiiaal l wwiitth h GGTTLLAA:: 221177 1
100..77..77 EEmmuullssiioonns s CCoonnttrrool l wwiitth h GGTTLLAA:: 212177 1
100..77..88 OOppeerraattiioonnaal l BBeenneeffiitts s oof f GGTTLLAA:: 221177 1
100..77..9 C9 Coosst t BBeenneeffiitts s oof f GGTTLLA A VVs s MMuullttiipphhaasse e PPrroodduuccttiioonn:: 221188 1
100..88 OOtthheer r FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e TTeecchhnnoollooggiieess:: 221199 1
100..88..11 SSlluugg CCoonnttrrooll:: 221199
1
100..88..22 SSuubbsseeaaPPrroocceessssiinngg:: 222211 1
100..88..3 V3 VAASSPPSS- - VVeerrttiiccaal l AAnnnnuullaar r SSeeppaarraattiioon n aannd d PPuummppiinng g SSyysstteemm:: 222244 1
1
100..88..33 SSuubbsseea a MMuullttiipphhaasse e PPuummppiinngg:: 222255 1
100..88..44 SSuubbsseea a MMuullttiipphhaasse e MMeetteerriinngg:: 222277 1
100..88..55 SSuubbsseeaaSSWWAAGG:: 222288
1
100..88..66 SSuubbsseea a SSIINNTTEEFF--BBP P CCoolld d FFlloow w SSyysstteemm:: 222288 1
100..88..77 SSuubbsseea a RRaaw w WWaatteer r IInnjjeeccttiioon n SSyysstteemmss:: 222299 1
100..88..88 TTeecchhnnoollooggy y FFlloow w AAssssuurraanncce e VVeerrssuus s BBeenneeffiit t MMaapp:: 223300 C
Chhaapptteerr1111 223322
11
11.0.0 GAS GAS OPTOPTIONIONS FS FOR OR OFFOFFSHSHORE ORE FIEFIELDSLDS 232232 1
111..11 GGeenneerraall:: 223322
1
111..22 CCoommpprreesssseed d NNaattuurraal l GGaas s ((CCNNGG)) 223333 1
111..33 LLiiqquueeffiieeddNaattuN urraallGGaass 223355 1
111..44 GGaassttooLLiiqquuiiddssoorrGGTTLL 223355 1
111..55 SSttrraannddeedd ggaass 223366
1
111..55 TTeecchhnnoollooggiiccaal l CChhaalllleennggeess:: 223388 1
111..66 CCuurrrreennt t IInndduussttrry y OOppttiioonns s tto o MMiinniimmiizze e GGaas s FFllaarriinngg 223388 1
111..77 OOtthheer r TTeecchhnnoollooggiiees s ffoor r GGaas s HHaannddlliinngg:: 223399 1
111..77..11 FFllaarre e GGaas s RReeccoovveerry y ((FFGGRR)) 224400 1
111..77..22 GGaas s tto o WWiirre e ((PPoowweer r GGeenneerraattiioonn)):: 224411 1
111..77..33 CCoommppaacct t GTGTL L RReeffoorrmmeerrss:: 224422 1
111..77..44 CCoommppaacctt GGTTLL:: 224422
1
111..88 NNeew w FFIIM M ZZeerro o Gaas G s FFllaarre e CCoonncceeppttss 224433 1
111..88..11 GGaas s AAbbssoorrppttiioonn, , PPuummppiinng g aannd d TTrraannssppoorrtt:: 224444 1
111..88..2 G2 Gaas s AAbbssoorrppttiioon n aannd d SSttoorreed d TTrraannssppoorrt t vviia a a a VVeesssseell:: 224455 1
111..99 OOppttiioonns s ffoor r SSmmaalll l FFiieelldds s OOffffsshhoorree 224455 1
111..1100 OOppttiioonns s ffoor r LLaarrggeer r FFiieelldds s OOffffsshhoorree 224455 1
111..111 R1 Raannkkiinng g oof f ZZeerro o Gaas G s FFllaarre e TTeecchhnnoollooggiieess 224466 1
111..1122 SSuummmmaarry y oof f Fllaarreed F d GGaas s OOppttiioonnss 224477 C
Chhaapptteerr1122 225500
1
122..00 SSOOFFTTWWAARREE 250250
1
122..11 FFiieelldd OOppttiioonnssPPrrooggrraamm:: 225511 1 122..22 GGaassRReelleeaassee:: 225555 1 122..33 FFllaarree SSttaacckk:: 225577 1 122..44 LLiiqqNNeett:: 225599 1 122..55 GGaassNNeett:: 226633 1 122..66 TTrraannGGaass:: 227700 1
122..66 QQuuiicckkSuSurrggee:: 227733
R
REEFFEERREENNCCEESS:: 227799
INDEX:
Copyright © 2011-12, Fluidsinmotion, All rights reserved Copyright © 2011-12, Fluidsinmotion, All rights reserved