Smart Grid

(1)

PREP

PREPARED ARED BY BY SUBMSUBMITTED ITTED TOTO

Pri

Priyayankanka GupGupta ta MrMr. . JaJamemeelel AhaAhamamadd S Shhrreeyyaa BBhhaattnnaaggaarr SSeemmiinnaar r IInn--CChhaarrggee S Shhaammppaa SSrriivvaassttaavvaa EEE E DDeepptttt.. III EE III EE

(2)

y

A smart grid delivers

electrici

ty fr

om suppl

iers

to c

onsumers usin

g two-wa

y digital technolog

y

to c

ontrol appl

iances at c

onsume

rs' hom

es to

save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability

and transparency.

(3)

y

y Self healingSelf healing

y

y Empower Empower and and incorpoincorporate the crate the consumeronsumer

y

y TTolerant of olerant of attackattack

y

y Provides powProvides power quality needed er quality needed by 21by 21stst century century

consumers consumers

y

y Accommodates Accommodates a wide variety of generation opa wide variety of generation optionstions

(like green energy) (like green energy)

y

y Fully enables maturing electricity marketsFully enables maturing electricity markets

y

(4)

(5)



 V V ARIABLE ARIABLE TTARIFF-BASED ARIFF-BASED LOADLOAD

y

y variable pr variable price profile given to the customer day aheadice profile given to the customer day ahead

y

y different price profile different price profile for each day for each day

y

y automatic home manaautomatic home management device gement device coupled to ancoupled to an

energy meter energy meter



 ENERGY USAGE MONITORING AND FEEDBACKENERGY USAGE MONITORING AND FEEDBACK

y

y displadisplayy of of enerenergy consumgy consumptionption

y

y comparisons comparisons to avto average consumption erage consumption patternpattern

y

(6)



REAL-REAL-TIME PORTFOLIO IMBALTIME PORTFOLIO IMBALANCEANCE

REDUCTION

y

y Balance Responsible Party (BRP) which plan orBalance Responsible Party (BRP) which plan or

forecast the ener

forecast the energy productigy production and consumptionon and consumption

y

y Imbalance cost for the BRPs on deviation fImbalance cost for the BRPs on deviation from therom the

energy plan energy plan



OFFERING RESER OFFERING RESER V V E E CAPCAPACITY TO THE TSACITY TO THE TSOO

y

(7)



 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONGESTIONDISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONGESTION

MANAGEMENT

y

y loads shiloads shifted awafted away from periy from periods at which congods at which congestionestion

occurs occurs

y

y usage data provided by the consumers proves to be very usage data provided by the consumers proves to be very

helpful helpful



 DISTRIBUTION GRID CELDISTRIBUTION GRID CELL ISLANDING IL ISLANDING IN CASEN CASE

OF HIG

OF HIGHERHER-- SYSTSYSTEM INSEM INSTTABILIABILITY TY

y

y instabinstable system operatle system operated separately ed separately

y

(8)



BLACK START SUPPORT FROM SMART HOUSESBLACK START SUPPORT FROM SMART HOUSES

y

y after black-out local grid is out of operationafter black-out local grid is out of operation

y

y start-up quickly in island modestart-up quickly in island mode

y

y then reconnect with up-sthen reconnect with up-stream networktream network



INTEGRAINTEGRATION OF TION OF FORECASTING TECHNIQUESFORECASTING TECHNIQUES

y

y forecasting a necessarforecasting a necessary tool due to vy tool due to volatility of olatility of

production level of distributed generators production level of distributed generators

y

(9)

(10)

y

y IndepeIndependent processors in each component at ndent processors in each component at eacheach

sub-station and power plant sub-station and power plant

y

y SensorSensors ars are connected to e connected to all otall other cher componeomponents in thents in the

system system

y

y Own state and of aOwn state and of all otll other components are known her components are known andand

communicated communicated

(11)

On addition of new devices to the

On addition of new devices to the system devicesystem device parameters are automatically updated

parameters are automatically updated The new component also has a built-in

(12)

T

TYPICAL BLACKYPICAL BLACK-OUT SEQUENCE-OUT SEQUENCE

y

y a sudden a sudden outage of maoutage of major lines occursjor lines occurs

y

y further outage due to ovfurther outage due to overload erload leaves the systemleaves the system

imbalanced imbalanced

y

y frequencfrequency y declindeclines with large es with large generation logeneration loadad

imbalance imbalance

y

y generation is taken off-linegeneration is taken off-line

y

y island blacks outisland blacks out

y

(13)

(14)



 _{emergency imposed on the system}_{emergency imposed on the system}



 _{frequency & load/generation imbalance is determined}_{frequency & load/generation imbalance is determined}

and total outage is prevented and total outage is prevented

(15)

(16)

Distrib

Distribution system needs ution system needs many changes to many changes to come income in sync with requirements for the implementatio

sync with requirements for the implementation n of of smart grid

smart grid

DESIRED OPTIMISATIONS

y

y DEMAND OPTIMISATIONDEMAND OPTIMISATION

y

y DELIDELI V V ERY OPTIMIZATIONERY OPTIMIZATION

y

y ASSET OPTIMIZATION ASSET OPTIMIZATION

y

(17)

y

y Refers to monitoring, control & communicationRefers to monitoring, control & communication

functions functions

y

y ImporImportant tant aspecaspects of DA are in areas ts of DA are in areas of of protectioprotection andn and

switching switching

y

y Helps in quickly reconfigure interconnected networkHelps in quickly reconfigure interconnected network

of

(18)

Can detect fault current and voltages Can detect fault current and voltages

Can help in self-healing of the grid Can help in self-healing of the grid

Can communicate with one another Can communicate with one another

(19)

DISTRIBUTED ASSET OPTIMIZATION MODEL

y

y Developed to provide an engineering basis forDeveloped to provide an engineering basis for

predicting

predicting hourly loahourly loading at anding at any point between they point between the sub-station & customer

sub-station & customer

y

y Calculates power flowing through each transformerCalculates power flowing through each transformer

y

y Provides insights required Provides insights required to make bettto make better planninger planning

and operating decisions and operating decisions

(20)



 DATA COLLECTIONDATA COLLECTION

DATA INCLUDES DATA INCLUDES

y

y Customer information & billing dataCustomer information & billing data

y

y Customer hourly cCustomer hourly consumponsumption datation data

y

y Distribution transformer characteristicsDistribution transformer characteristics

y

y Feeder characteristicsFeeder characteristics

y

(21)

DATA

V V

ALIDATION

y

y TTotal annuaotal annual customel customer r energy validaenergy validated with annualted with annual

energy measured at the sub-station energy measured at the sub-station

EST

ESTABLISH

ABLISH WEA

WEATHER

THER SENSITI

SENSITI

V V

IT

ITY

Y

y

y Data obtained is weather-sensitiveData obtained is weather-sensitive

y

y TTuned with uned with the weather parameters to obtathe weather parameters to obtain thein the

actual data actual data

(22)

y

y Data obtained from users matched with Load-ShapeData obtained from users matched with Load-Shape

library library

y

y Customers Customers assigneassigned best matchind best matching houg hourly rly or daily or daily

load-shape load-shape

CALIBRATION

y

y TTo compensate for unaccounted energy o compensate for unaccounted energy calibcalibrationration

process applied process applied

(23)

y

y Residential, Small OffResidential, Small Office & commerice & commercial buildingcial building

sector responsible for over 50% of total electricity sector responsible for over 50% of total electricity consumption

consumption

y

y Homes, offices and commercial buildings treated asHomes, offices and commercial buildings treated as

an interconnected network instead of single units an interconnected network instead of single units

y

y Able to communicate, interact & Able to communicate, interact & negotiate withnegotiate with

both customers & energy devices in local grid both customers & energy devices in local grid

y

y Grid operated more efficiently as consumption isGrid operated more efficiently as consumption is

better predicted better predicted

(24)

SMAR

(25)



MICROGENERATIONMICROGENERATION

y

y Small Small homes can generathomes can generate wind ane wind and solar power which if d solar power which if

in surplus amount can be sold back to the distributor in surplus amount can be sold back to the distributor



SMART METERSSMART METERS

y

y With their help user c With their help user consumptonsumption can be measured,ion can be measured,

monitored and controlled monitored and controlled

y

y Smarter Smarter decisiodecisions ns made made by by consumers consumers can becan be

communicated back to grid communicated back to grid



LOCAL STORAGE UNITSLOCAL STORAGE UNITS

y

(26)

y

y Introduces Introduces a holia holistic concept stic concept & technol& technology forogy for

smart homes smart homes

y

y Smart homes & buildings treated as proactiveSmart homes & buildings treated as proactive

consumers also known as prosumers consumers also known as prosumers

y

y Prosumers negotiate & collProsumers negotiate & collaborate aborate as an intelligentas an intelligent

network network

(27)

(28)

y

y A communication technique to A communication technique to automaticautomatically ally

collec

collect t the meter readings & othe meter readings & other relevant datather relevant data from meters

from meters

y

y AMR has benefits beyond meter reading AMR has benefits beyond meter reading

y

y It It provides crucial datprovides crucial data on an insight into othera on an insight into other

areas

(29)

y

y For For small commesmall commercial customers monthly rcial customers monthly

consumption

consumption read is suffread is sufficienticient

y

y For For large large commercial and inducommercial and industrial cusstrial customerstomers

daily consumption read is required daily consumption read is required

y

y Remote monitoring devices attached to metersRemote monitoring devices attached to meters

store hourly consumption profile store hourly consumption profile

y

y Accurate bills provided to customers are more Accurate bills provided to customers are more

satisfying than estimated bills satisfying than estimated bills

(30)



RF COMMUNICATIONRF COMMUNICATION

y

y Most widely Most widely accaccepted meepted method of thod of communicationcommunication

between meter and data collection between meter and data collection

y

y A wake-up signal is sen A wake-up signal is sent by data t by data collection syscollection system ttem too

the RF devices the RF devices

y

y Devices send back the latest Devices send back the latest meter read & othermeter read & other

information information

(31)



RADIORADIO-EQUIPP-EQUIPPED HAND-HELD COMPUTER ED HAND-HELD COMPUTER 

DRIDRI V V E-BY OR MOBILE DATA COLLECTIONE-BY OR MOBILE DATA COLLECTION 

(32)

y

y MMeteterer rreaeadderer ccararryryiningg aa hanhand-d-hheleldd ccomomputputerer eqequiuipppepedd

w

wiitthh rraaddiioo rreecceeiivveerr wwaallkks-s-bbyy hhoommeess,, wwiitthhoouutt aaccttuuaalllly y en

enttereriningg ththee prprememisiseses

y

(33)

y

y Radio transreciever installed Radio transreciever installed in a utility vin a utility vehiclehiclee

y

y Root information downloaded from the utility billingRoot information downloaded from the utility billing

system system

y

y Loaded into radio transrecieverLoaded into radio transreciever

y

y V V ehicle drives along the route and collects the readingsehicle drives along the route and collects the readings

through RF communication through RF communication

(34)

y

y FFiixxeedd nneettwwororkk iinnssttaalllleedd ovoveerr ssaattuurraatteedd aarreeaass wwhheerree

a

addvvaanncceded mmeteterierinngg ddatataa,, vvaarriiaablblee rreeaaddss,, uunnsscchhededuuleledd re

readsads rerequiquireredd

y

y UUsseedd wwhheerree dadaiillyy rreeaaddiinngg oror rreeaaddiinngg sseevveerraall ttiimmeess aa

da

(35)



INBOUND SYSTEMSINBOUND SYSTEMS

y

y Modules call a central master data Modules call a central master data colleccollectiontion

computer

computer at pre-at pre-scheduscheduled timeled time

y

y Provides hourly consumption dataProvides hourly consumption data



OUTBOUND SYSTEMSOUTBOUND SYSTEMS

y

y Master Master statiostation calls the remote meter modun calls the remote meter module tole to

collect data collect data

(36)

y

y Usage Usage reportireporting device at each customerng device at each customer

site is called a SMART METER site is called a SMART METER

y

y Computerised rComputerised replacement of eleplacement of electricalectrical

meters meters

y

y Contains a procesContains a processorsor, no, non-vn-volatolatile storage &ile storage &

communicati

communication faon facilitiescilities

y

y Can track usage as Can track usage as a functioa function of timen of time-o-of-dayf-day,,

disconnec

disconnect t a customer via a software or send outa customer via a software or send out alarms in case of problems

alarms in case of problems

y

y Interface directly with smart appliances to controlInterface directly with smart appliances to control

them them

(37)

Necessary to support major applications & systems Necessary to support major applications & systems

such as demand response, wide area measurement such as demand response, wide area measurement & control, electricity storage & transportation.

& control, electricity storage & transportation.

TRUST

y

y Necessary to know whether approprNecessary to know whether appropriate user isiate user is

accessing accurate data created by right dev

accessing accurate data created by right device atice at proper time

proper time

y

(38)

y

y DDaattaa ttrraannssffeerr nnooww ttaakkiinngg ppllaaccee tthhrroouugghh ddiiggiittaall

me

medidiumum liklikee inintternernetet

y

y CChhaanncceess ofof ddaattaa tthheefftt aanndd mmododiifificacattiionon vveeryry hhiigghh

y

y HHacackkeerrss ccaann iimmmmeeddiiaatteellyy mmaanniippuulalattee tthheeiirr eenneerrgy gy

c

cosoststsoror fafabrbricicatatee fafalslsee rreaeadidingngss

PRI

V V

ACY

y

y EElleeccttrriicciittyy uussee ppaatttteerrnn ccoouulldd lleeaadd ttoo didisscclloossuurree oof f

w

whheenn pepeopoplele aarree aatt hhoommee ororwwororkk ororttrraavveelllliinngg

y

(39)

y

y Most Most effective solutioeffective solution for securing smarn for securing smart t gridgrid

based on PKI technologies based on PKI technologies

PKI TECHNICAL ELEMENTS

y

PKI standards

y

Smart Grid PKI tools

y

(40)

PKI STANDARDS

y

y PPrroovviiddee aa mmeecchhaanniissmm ffoorr ddeeffiinniinngg nnaammiinngg

c

cononvvenentitionon anandd cecertrtifiificatcatee polpolicy icy

y y TThheeyy ddoonntt ssppeecciifyfy hhooww ththeessee ssttaannddaarrddss sshhoouulldd bbee used used y y TThheeyy oonnllyy prproovviiddee aa hhiigghh--lleevveell ffrraammeewwoorrkk ffoorr di

digigitatall ccerertitificaficattee ususagagee anandd fforor imimplplememenenttiningg aa PPKIKI PKI TOOLS PKI TOOLS y y TThheeyy tteellll hhooww ttoo wwoorrkk oonn tthhee PPKKII ssttaannddaarrddss y y EEaassee tthhee mamannaaggeemmeenntt ooff PPKKII ccoommppoonneennttss iinn tthhee Sm

(41)

DE

V V

ICE

A

TTE

ST

A

TIO

TION

N

y y DDeevviiccee aatttteessttaattiioonn cceerrttiiffiiccaatteess aarree ususeedd oonnllyy ttoo a asssseerrtt tthhee ddeevviiccee mmaannuuffaaccttuurreerr,, mmooddeell,, sseerriiaall nnoo.. a anndd tthhaatt tthhee ddeevviiccee hhaass nnoott bbeeeenn ttaammppeerreedd wwiitthh

(42)

y

y Renewable resources Renewable resources affect the reliabaffect the reliability of gility of grid due torid due to

their volatility their volatility

y

y Demand responDemand response se and elecand electric storage tric storage provideprovide

economics

economics of of gridgrid

y

y Grid reliability can be improved by mitigating peakGrid reliability can be improved by mitigating peak

demand and load variability demand and load variability

(43)

Reliabil

Reliability problem ity problem arises due to faults occurring inarises due to faults occurring in the system

the system

FUNCTIONS THAT RESOL

FUNCTIONS THAT RESOL V V E THESE E THESE PRPROBLEMSOBLEMS

y

y Fault diagnosis and alarm processing functionFault diagnosis and alarm processing function

y

y Fault location functionFault location function

y

(44)

FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND ALARM PROCESSING FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND ALARM PROCESSING

FUNCTION FUNCTION Automatic

Automatically triggered after ally triggered after occurrence occurrence of a fof a faultault Also detect missing remo

Also detect missing remote te control signalcontrol signal Analysi

Analysis s of of the fault presented to the operatorthe fault presented to the operator F

FAULAULT LOCATION T LOCATION FUNCTFUNCTIONION To find the location of faults

To find the location of faults

Quickly determine the faulty section of feeder Quickly determine the faulty section of feeder

SER

SER V V ICE RESTORATION FUNCTIONICE RESTORATION FUNCTION Restores the pow

Restores the power to the non-faulted secter to the non-faulted section of ion of thethe feeder