1.0
1.0 INTRINTRODUCODUCTIONTION
Speed is the rate of movement of a vehicle, generally expressed in kilometres per hour. Speed is the rate of movement of a vehicle, generally expressed in kilometres per hour.
A spot speed study of traffic speed at one point or spot on a traffic way. It consists of a A spot speed study of traffic speed at one point or spot on a traffic way. It consists of a series or a sample of observation of the individual speed at which vehicles are approaching an series or a sample of observation of the individual speed at which vehicles are approaching an interse
intersection or ction or passing a passing a poinpoint t at at anon-ianon-intersectntersection location. These observatiion location. These observations are ons are used toused to est
estimimate ate ththe e spspeeeed d didistrstribibututioion n of of ththe e enentitire re trtrafaffific c strstream eam at at ththat at lolocacatiotion, n, unundeder r thethe conditions prevailing at the time of the study.
conditions prevailing at the time of the study.
Spot speed studies can be used to study speeds at problem locations in order to Spot speed studies can be used to study speeds at problem locations in order to determine whether speeds are too high and if complaints received are ustified, for accident determine whether speeds are too high and if complaints received are ustified, for accident analysis in order to determine the relationship of speed to accidents which may help in analysis in order to determine the relationship of speed to accidents which may help in developing corrective measures, and for before-and-after studies in order to evaluate the developing corrective measures, and for before-and-after studies in order to evaluate the effect of some change in controls or conditions.
effect of some change in controls or conditions.
In relation with this, there has been several complaints of vehicles speeding along the In relation with this, there has been several complaints of vehicles speeding along the !T"# $ %uitsu section of road. This poses a danger to motorists, pedestrians and cyclists as !T"# $ %uitsu section of road. This poses a danger to motorists, pedestrians and cyclists as th
there ere is is a a lolot t of of acactivtivititieies s in in ththe e ararea. ea. %u%urtrthehermrmorore, e, ththere ere is is apaplenlenty ty of of rigrightht-t-tururniningng movements along this stretch of road, with no storage lanes provided for right-turners. This is movements along this stretch of road, with no storage lanes provided for right-turners. This is dangerous because the right-turners stop on the fast lane and have no protection.
dangerous because the right-turners stop on the fast lane and have no protection.
2.0
2.0 OBJOBJECECTITIVEVE
The obectives of this study are The obectives of this study are
&-'.
'. To To determidetermine the ne the speed chspeed characteriaracteristics of tstics of traffiraffic at the lc at the locatioocation.n. (.
(. To To ustify ustify the pthe problem roblem of spof speeding eeding at that the locate location.ion. 3. 3.0 0 APAPPARATUPARATUSS ' '.. SSttooppwwaattcchh (. (. %o%ormrms Ss SS' S' anand Sd SS(S( ).
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)
Figure 3.1 4.0 PROCEUDRE
'. Identify the location
(. +et vehicles speeds on the road using stop watch and record the data. ). ecord all speed measurements in %orm SS'.
. ount and classify the vehicles according to class using the analog counter.
• lass ' /#otocycle0 • lass ( /ars0
• lass ) /*an and Small 1orries0 • lass /2ig 1orries 3 2uses0
4. ecord the numbers of vehicle and vehicle speeds according to their respective class.
5. Transfer the data in %orm SS' to %orm SS(. 6. !sing the data, draw the
&-a0 %re7uency "istogram /8ercentage of vehicles vs. Speed0
b0 %re7uency 9istribution urve /8ercentage of vehicles vs. Speed0
c0 umulative %re7uency 9istribution urve /umulative percentage vs. Speed0 :. 6. 9etermine the following speed characteristics&
a0 #ean speed, #edian speed and #ode speed b0 :4-th 8ercentile speed
c0 Standard deviation d0 8ace
;. %rom the result, suggest a reasonable average speed /example Speed 1imit and Speed <ones0 in order to improve the traffic flow and for the safety of the road
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)
#$%
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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)
5.0 RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS
'. Table before show %orm SS' that recorded the speed of vehicles. (. Table below show %orm SS(.
Speed Cla !"#$%& Cla '(d Val)e* x !"#$%& Cla +,e-)e/* f fx Pe,/eae ( Cla !& C)#)la(e Pe,/eae !& =$ ; .4 ) ')).4 '.( '.( 4=$ 4; 4.4 ' 65) 4.) 5.4 5= $ 5; 5.4 (; ':6=.4 ''.= '6.4 6=$ 6; 6.4 )5 (5:( ').5 )'.' :=$ :; :.4 ( )4; '4.; 6.= ;=$ ;; ;.4 5 )6 '6. 5. '== $ '=; '=.4 = ':= '4.( 6;.5 ''= $ ''; ''.4 (: )(=5 '=.5 ;=.( '(= $ '(; '(.4 (' (5'.4 :.= ;:.( ')= $ '); ').4 4 56(.4 '.: '== 264 24017 100 Form SS2 Speed Cla !"#$%& Cla '(d Val)e* x !"#$%& Cla +,e-)e/* f C)#)la(e +,e-)e/ fx 2 = $; .4 ) ) 4;=.64 4= $ 4; 4.4 ' '6 '4:).4 5= $ 5; 5.4 (; 5 '(=56.(4 6= $6; 6.4 )5 :( ';;:=; := $ :; :.4 ( '( (;;:;=.4 ;= $ ;; ;.4 5 '6= '=6;'.4 '== $ '=; '=.4 = ('= )5:'= ''= $ ''; ''.4 (: (): )56=:6 '(= $ '(; '(.4 (' (4; )(44=4.) ')= $ '); ').4 4 (5 ;=4'.) 264 24017 2287516.1
Me& Speed
=
∑ fx n=
24018264=
90.98
km/h
4 |C E N T E R F O R D I P L O M A S T U D I E S ( C E D S )
Medi& Speed
=
L
+
[
(
n 2)
−
f L f m]
x C
=
89.5 +
[
(
264 2)
−
124 170]
x 9
=
89.9 km/h
St&d&*d De+i&tio
=
∑ fx ¿¿2 ¿ ¿ ¿ ∑ f x2 n−1 −¿ √ ¿=
√
2298516.1263−
264 69696(
263)
=
93.5 km/h
Mode Speed
,
138.0
km/h
-th Pe*.etie Speed
,
115 km/h
P&.e
,
94 km/h – 104 km/h
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)
CALCULATION
C&00 (Moto*.1.e0)
Mean speed
=
92.5 km/h
Maximum speed =
132.3
km/h
Minimum speed
=
45.9 km/h
C&00 ! (C&*0)
Mean speed
=
102.0
km/h
Maximum speed =
138.0
km/h
Minimum speed
=
50.0 km/h
C&00 " (V&0 2 Medi3m T*3.k0)
Mean speed
=
92.4 km/h
Maximum speed =
124.2
km/h
Minimum speed
=
56.7 km/h
C&00 $ (He&+1 T*3.k0 2 430e0)
Mean speed
=
75.7 km/h
Maximum speed =
92.4 km/h
Minimum speed
=
43.2 km/h
6.0 DISCUSSION
The data clearly shows that most drivers did not care about the speed limit on that specific time. This is easily seen when one looks at the mean, mode and median which are overall higher than the := km>h . Although the mean of the data was higher than the speed limit, the data still followed a somewhat normal distribution with a little skew to the left. The data followed a pattern with the pace between ;.= km>h and '=.= km>h.
?ne can also see from the cumulative fre7uency graph that only about ':@ of drivers respected the 5= km>h speed limit. Although the experiment gathered some good data, it could have been much more accurate if human error would have been taken out of it. If the experiment had some kind of sensor instead of a flagger and a timer armed with a stop watch, the data could be much more accurate and it would rid itself of error due to human error and reaction time. Another way to get more accurate data would be to make the data gathering process a little bit more discreet as to not let the drivers know they are being timed.
Some drivers either accelerated or slowed down when they saw that they we being timed throwing off our data in the process. ?ne way to fix this would be once again using small sensor or spreading out the groups and the group members to make it less obvious to the driver that they are being timed. The way this experiment was carried out gave good data but not complete data. Since it was conducted under fair weather and the road was dry when
the experiment was done, we only have data for fair days with dry roads.
Also, we only have data for the hour between '= A# and '' A#. 8eoples driving tendencies might be affected a lot by different things such as the road condition, the time of day and the weather. In order to get a very complete and accurate set of data, the experiment would need to be carried out a few more times under different road conditions, weather conditions and at different times of the day.
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA (UTHM)
9.0 CONCLUSION
%ield traffic studies strengthened the traffic theories presented in the class room. Spot speed study and intersection analysis and signal assessment helped in this experiment to gain the following benefits& Spot speed study and intersection analysis and signal assessment field study implementations, familiarity with standard procedures and standard forms, data presentation techni7ues, data analysis, field experience and applications, group work, professional presentation skills, interpretations of results, and professional software implementation. Through this experiment may allow to suggest solutions to improve the studies intersections such as signal timing modifications, intersection widening, geometric adustments, and realignments. This paper described the minimum re7uirements for establishing the aforementioned studies and intended obectives.
7.0 RE+ERENCES
'. Scribd $ Spot Speed Study 1aboratory
https&>>www.scribd.com>doc>;645:(>Speed-Spot-Study-1ab-eport 9ate of Access & (4th ?ctober (='5
(. Spot Speed Study Borkshop Instruction #anual
#assSA%C at the !niversity of #assachusetts, Amherst +overnors "ighway Safety 2ureau, 89% Dote
