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130

Mathematics

Basic Mathematics cont. p. 131

Basic Mathematics

Grade 7

Numbers

•Place value:

Whole numbers to the 100 billions’ place •Decimals to the millionths’ place •Writing numbers up to 100 billions

•Terms: notation, numeration, prime numbers, composite numbers •Reading numbers

•Rounding: whole numbers, money, decimals •Roman numerals:

•Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M •Rules for forming Roman numerals •Prime numbers

Eratosthenes sieve

hPrime pair, reciprocal

Composite numbers

hNumber line

Signed numbers:

•Reading and writing, zero as a reference point

hAbsolute value, comparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying,

dividing

•Using number sense

Addition

•Terms: addend, sum

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures

hSigned numbers with and without a number line

Checking by addition and by casting out 9s •Mental arithmetic •Timed mastery •Arithmetic progression •Word problems hPrinciple: distributive •Axiom

Subtraction

•Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures

hSigned numbers •Checking by additionMental arithmetic •Timed mastery •Word problems •Axiom

Multiplication

Terms: factors, partial product, product

•Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures, by powers of ten

hSigned numbers

•Checking by reversing factors and by casting out 9s •Recognize symbol: · (raised dot)

•Mental arithmetic •Timed mastery •Word problems •Factors:

•Finding common and greatest common factor •Prime factors

•Prime factoring: •Division by primes •Factoring tree •Least common multiple

hFactorial

Axiom

Division

Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder •Estimating quotients

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals

hCompound measures

By powers of ten

hSigned numbers

Checking by multiplying and by casting out 9s •Divisibility rules

Divisors: 4 digits

hDivision with end zeros

Mental arithmetic •Timed mastery •Word problems •Axiom

Basic Mathematics is the capstone of arithmetic studies. Students must solidify their skills

in arithmetic and be confident, competent operational problem solvers before moving on to algebra.

Basic Mathematics builds on the foundation set in grades 1–6 by the incremental review and

practice of whole numbers, fractions, decimals, ratios, percents, and measurements. Students continue to practice their arithmetic skills by applying them to finances and mathematics in daily life. Units on statistics, algebra, plane and solid geometry introduce students to higher mathematics.

Word problems and the Problem Solving Strategies feature ensure that students can apply their mathematical skills to everyday situations, and it encourages them to connect vary-ing types of mathematical knowledge. Skills development exercises and abundant practice problems help students to work quickly and accurately.

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Traditional MATH SERIES

Evaluation

•Quizzes (34) •Skills development exercises (54) •Tests (8) •9-weeks exam (2) •Semester exam •Final exam

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Mathematics

Fractions

Terms: numerator, denominatorEquivalent fractions

ReducingTypes:

Proper, improper, mixed

hComplex

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, divisionTimed mastery

Word problems

hSimplifying complex fractions

Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions

Decimals

•Place value to the millionths’ place •Mixed

•Reading and writing •Comparing

•Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division •Timed mastery

•Word problems •Rounding •Money

•Multiplying and dividing by powers of ten •Changing fractions to decimals

•Terminating, repeating

•Nonterminating and nonrepeating •Converting repeating decimals to fractions

Ratios

•Terms: antecedent, consequent •Reading and writing

•Equivalents •Word problems

Proportions

•Terms: means, extremes •Reading and writing •Finding missing terms •Word problems

Percents

Recognize symbol: % (percent)Reading and writing:

Percent as a fraction, decimalDecimals as a percentFractions as a percentSubtracting from 100%

Percents over 100% and under 1%Percents ending in fractionsWord Problems

•Finding:

•Percentage of a whole number, money •Percents when given percentage and base •Percent of increase and decrease

Basic Mathematics

cont.

•The base when given percentage and percent •Discounts

hCommission, rate of commission, amount of sales

•Percent given as more or less than

Measures

Metric prefixes •Length:

English: inch, foot, yard, mile

•Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter, hectometer, kilometer

hBiblical: cubit, span, finger, fathom

Capacity:

•English: teaspoon, tablespoon, fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel

Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter

hBiblical: log, hin, bath, ephah, homer, cor

•Time: second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap year, decade, score, century, millennium

Weight:

•English: ounce, pound, ton

Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hecto-gram, kilogram

hBiblical: shekel, dram, menah, gerah, talent, mince, litra hMetric-English approximate relationships

Converting measures within the same system

hConverting measures between English and metric systems

Compound measures:

•Adding, subtracting, multiplying

hDividing

Square measures:

•English: square inches, square feet, square yards, acres, square miles •Metric: square centimeters, square meters, hectares, square

kilometers •Timed mastery

Money & Finances

hBiblical: shekel, mite, dram, pence, farthing, talent, gerah

•Banking: checking and savings account •Budgeting

Borrowing money

hInsurance: life, health, homeowners, automobile hTaxes: income, sales

hIncome: salary, commission, piecework, tip

•Purchasing electricity and natural gas

Graphing, Statistics, & Probability

•Graphs:

•Bar, pictograph, line, circle, rectangle

hHistogram

hStatistics: range, mean, median, mode

Finding probability

•Scale drawing: finding distance on maps

Basic Mathematics cont. p. 132

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Mathematics

Pre-Algebra

•Algebraic expressions:

hTerms, reading and writing

•Operational order, equations

•One- and two-step equations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division axioms

hUsing algebra to solve word problems

•Terms:

hVariable

•Base, exponent, root

hMonomial, binomial, trinomial, polynomial hFormulas expressed on tables and graphs hSigned numbers

hComparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing hAbsolute value

•Square roots:

Radical sign, perfect square

hExtracting the square root

Evaluating algebraic expressions

hDistributive principle hCombining like terms

hSolving equations after simplifying hEliminating fractions in equations

Mathematical Geography

Time:

•Table of time: second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap year, decade, score, century, millennium

Prime Meridian, International Date Line

hTime zone conversions

•Daylight Savings Time

Longitude and latitude, degrees •Temperature:

Thermometer, degrees

hClimate zones: torrid, temperate, frigid

•Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius

hTemperature and altitude: finding the drop in temperature

Geometry

•Plane Geometry:

Symbols and definitions:

•Point, line segment, congruent, line, ray, angle, vertex

Right angle, intersecting lines, perpendicular lines, parallel lines, plane

•Geometric plane shapes:

•Simple closed shape, similar shapes, congruent shapes

•Polygon, triangle, quadrilateral, parallelogram, rectangle, square •Rhombus, trapezoid, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon •Perimeter of rectangle, parallelogram, square, triangle •Area:

•Of rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle

hOf trapezoid

•Angles:

•Right, acute, obtuse, straight, in a circle •Measuring, constructing, and bisecting angles

•Triangles: right, isosceles, equilateral, sum of angles •Using a compass and protractor

Constructions:

•Angles, bisecting angles

hPerpendicular lines

hUsing algebra in geometric problems

•Circle:

Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicircle, angle, vertex, degree •Circumference using diameter and radius formulas

Area

hSolid geometry:

hSolid figures: rectangular solid, cube, triangular prism, square

pyra-mid, cylinder, cone, sphere

hFormulas for finding surface area of rectangular solid, cube, square

pyramid, cylinder

hFormulas for finding volume of rectangular solid, cube, square

pyra-mid, cylinder, cone

Trigonometry

hTerms: hypotenuse, legs, sine, cosine, tangent

hPythagorean rule: finding length of hypotenuse and legs

hFinding the sine, cosine, and tangent using the formula and

trigono-metric ratios chart

Problem Solving & Applications

Word problems:

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, decimalsMoney, averages, proportions, percents, measures, time, graphs

hEquations, trigonometry

Mixed operations

One- to four-step problems

hChoosing the better method hSimplifying the problem hReading a chart

hUsing algebra and formulas

Writing and solving a ratioApplications

13 Multi-step Problem Solving Strategies:Percent:

Discount

hCommission

Simple interest, profit, and lossMeasures

hAdjusting recipes

Banking: checking and savings accounts, budgeting, borrowing money, installment buying

hInsurance: life, health, homeowners, automobile hTaxes: income, sales

hIncome: salary, commission, piecework, tip hComparative shopping: unit pricing

Purchasing electricity: current, kilowatt, reading electric meterPurchasing natural gas: cubic feet, reading gas meter

Scale drawings: mapsTime: time zones

hGeometry

Basic Mathematics

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Mathematics

Pre-Algebra cont. p. 134

Pre-Algebra

Grade 8

Pre-Algebra completes the span of study between elementary arithmetic and the more

advanced study of mathematics at the high school level. It not only provides mathemati cal tools for daily practical use, such as banking, graphs, statistics, and measurements, but is an excellent introduction to algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Many links from arithmetic to algebra are highlighted throughout the book.

Frequent word problems and the Problem Solving Strategies feature ensure that students can apply their mathematical skills to real-life situations. The problems and strategies also encourage them to connect varying types of mathematical knowledge.

    abeka.com 8 ´.f¡!A¨ 14709501

Numbers

•Place value

Terms: notation, numeration, whole numbers, prime, compos-ite, natural (counting) numbers, integers, rational and irrational numbers

•Order of operations

Rounding: whole numbers, decimals •Roman numerals:

Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M

•Rules for forming Roman numerals •Number sentences:

hGreater than and less than

•Order of operations (with and without parenthesis) •Signed numbers

hScientific notation

Addition

Terms: addend, sum

•Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures, signed numbers with and without a number line

hPrinciples:

hCommutative, associative, identity

•Distributive •Timed mastery •Mental arithmetic •Word problems

Subtraction

•Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference

Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures, signed numbers with and without a number line

•Timed mastery •Mental arithmetic •Word problems

Multiplication

•Terms: factors, product

Recognize symbols: x (multiplication sign); · (raised dot) •Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, by powers of ten,

com-pound measures, signed numbers including two or more factors

hPrinciples:

hCommutative, associative, identity

•Distributive

Factors:

•Common and greatest common factor •Prime factoring: division by primesCommon and least common multiple •Timed mastery

•Mental arithmetic •Word problems

Division

•Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient •Steps of division

•Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, by powers of ten, compound measures, signed numbers

Timed mastery •Mental arithmetic •Word problems

Fractions

Terms: numerator, denominator

Types: mixed number, proper, improper, complex •Equivalent

Reducing

•Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division •Simplifying complex fractions

Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions •Word problems

Decimals

•Reading and writing

Place value to the ten millionths’ place

•Types: mixed, terminating, repeating, nonterminating, nonrepeat-ing

Comparing, rounding

•Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division •Changing decimals to fractions, fractions to decimals

hScientific notation •Timed mastery •Word problems

Evaluation

Written quizzes (34) •Skills development excercises (57) •Tests (8) •9-weeks exam (2) •Semester exam •Final exam

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Mathematics

•Temperature: •Degree

•Fahrenheit and Celsius: freezing and boiling points of water and normal body temperature

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius •Temperature zones

Compound measures: adding, subtraction, multiplying, dividing •Converting measures within the same system and from metric to

English and English to metric

Metric-English approximate equivalents

Algebra

•Terms: •Variables

hNumerical and literal coefficients

Terms, polynomial, monomial, binomial, trinomial, base, exponent

hSurd

Like and unlike terms

•Reading and writing algebraic expressions •Adding and subtracting like terms •Order of operations

Evaluating algebraic expressions

hMultiplying monomials, polynomials by monomials,

polynomials by polynomials

hDividing monomials, polynomials by monomials

•Equations:

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division axioms •Eliminating fractions

hEliminating decimals

hUsing algebra to solve word problems

Formulas expressed by tables and graphs •Signed numbers:

Zero used as reference point •Signs of operation and direction •Absolute value

•Comparing, adding and subtracting with and without the number line, multiplying, and dividing

•Evaluating algebraic expressions with signed numbers •Combining like terms with signed numbers

•Square root:

Terms: radical sign, radicand, index, principal square root, per-fect square

•Extracting the square root

hSimplifying irrationals

Word problems

Graphing, Statistics, Probability

•Terms: data, statistics, rank, range, graph •Graphs:

•Pictograph, bar, line, circle, rectangle, histogram •Scale drawing and finding distance on maps •Statistics: mean, median, mode

•Probability:

hFormula

hProbability of independent data

Ratios & Proportions

•Ratios:

•Terms: antecedent, consequent •Reading and writing

•Reducing and equivalents •Word problems

Proportions:

•Terms: means, extremes

Finding missing terms by cross multiplication •Word problems

Percents

Recognize symbol: % (percent) •Writing decimals as percents

•Percents less than 1% and more than 100% •Percent given as more or less than

•Finding:

The percentage, percent, and base using decimal methods

hThe percentage, percent, and base using ratio methods

•Percent of increase and decrease

Discount, rate of discount, sale price, commission, rate of com-mission

hPercent of profit and loss based on cost and on selling price

Measures

Linear:

•English: inch, foot, yard, mile

Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter, hectometer, kilometer

•Biblical: reed, cubit, span, finger •Capacity:

English: teaspoon, tablespoon, fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel

•Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter

Biblical: homer, ephah, cor, bath, hin, log •Weight:

•English: ounce, pound, ton

Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hec-togram, kilogram

•Biblical: talent, menah, shekel, dram •Time:

•Second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap year, decade, century, millennium

•Time zones

hSpeed: formula to compute speed, distance, and time

•Money:

Biblical: talent of pure gold, talent, menah, shekel, pence, farthing, mite

•Square measures:

•English: square inches, square feet, square yards, square miles, acres

Metric: square centimeters, square meters, hectares, square kilometers

hCubic measures:

hEnglish: cubic inches, cubic feet, cubic yards hMetric: cubic centimeters, cubic meters

Pre-Algebra cont. p. 135

Pre-Algebra

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Mathematics

Business Mathematics

Terms: employers, employees

•Income: salary, hourly, piecework wages, commission, tips, gross pay, net pay

Taxes: •Income hProperty •Sales •Budget •Banking:

•Check, deposit slip, balancing checkbook

hReconciling monthly statements

Borrowing money:

•Simple interest, installment buying

hConstant ratio formula hCompound interest formula hBuying bonds and stocks

Insurance: life, health, fire, automobile

Geometry

•Models and symbols:

Point, line, line segment, ray, angle, parallel lines, perpendicular, right angle

hSimilar to, congruent to, arc

Triangle

•Plane geometric figures:

•Curve, closed curve, simple closed curve, polygon, triangle •Quadrilateral, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square,

trapezoid

•Pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, circle •Lines:

•Line, line segment, ray, intersecting, perpendicular

hSkew

Angles:

•Terms: sides, vertex, degree •Types:

•Right, acute, obtuse, straight

hReflex, central hAdjacent

•Congruent

hVertical, complementary, supplementary

•In a circle

•Measuring, constructing •Using a compass and protractor •Circle:

Terms:

•Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicircle

hChord

Triangles: •Types:

hAcute, obtuse

Right, equiangular, equilateral, isosceles

hScalene

Similar, congruent •Constructions:

•Angles, bisecting angles

hLine segments, congruent angles

hLine perpendicular to a given line segment, parallel lines hTriangles when given length of three sides, given two angles

and included side and, given two sides and the included angle •Perimeter: polygon, rectangle, square, triangle

•Circumference: formulas when given diameter or radius •Area: rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle, trapezoid, circle •Geometric solid shapes:

•Prism, rectangular prism, cube, triangular prism, pyramid, square pyramid, cylinder, cone, sphere

•Surface area: rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder •Volume: rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder, cone

Trigonometry

•Terms: hypotenuse, legs, sine, cosine, tangent

•Pythagorean formula: to find length of hypotenuse and legs •Finding sine, cosine, tangent using formulas and trigonometric

table

Problem Solving & Applications

•Word problems:

•Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rounding, fractions •Decimals, ratios, proportions, measures, percent, time, graphs •Statistics, probability, maps, commission, gross pay

•Net pay, taxes, budget, interest

hBuying stocks and bonds

•Insurance, geometry, trigonometry

hScientific notation

•One-, two-, and three-step problems •Applications:

•Making change, unit pricing, percent of discount, commission

hProfit, loss

•Measures, time zones

hWind chill factor

•Banking:

•Writing checks, filling out deposit slips, balancing a checkbook

hReconciling monthly statements, buying stocks and bonds

•Insurance, taxes

•Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with up to 18 numbers

•13 Multi-step Problem Solving Strategies

Pre-Algebra

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Mathematics

Algebra 1 cont. p. 137

Algebra 1

Grade 9

Algebra is an extension of arithmetic, and the concepts and procedures of arithmetic are used as the foundation upon which the study of algebra is built. Algebra supplies the language and patterns of reasoning used in the sciences and other branches of knowledge. Algebraic axioms are used to form and solve equations.

Algebra 1 uses mathematical ideas in solving problems ranging from everyday applications

to applications in the physical and biological sciences.

Real Numbers and the Language of Algebra

•Using letters, notation

Terms, coefficients, factors, variables

•Evaluating algebraic expressions with given value •Translating word phrases into algebra

Commutative property •Addition

Multiplication •Order of operations •Distributive property •Simple interest formula

hDistance formula •Numbers •Integers •Natural numbers •Whole numbers •Real numbers •Rational numbers •Irrational numbers •Signed numbers

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division •Least common denominator (LCD)—numerical

hLeast common denominator (LCD)—algebraic

•Absolute value

•Simplifying algebraic expressions •Writing formulas from descriptions •Associative property •Addition, multiplication •Identity property •Addition, multiplication hInverse property hAddition, multiplication

Linear Equations in One Variable

Solving equations

•Addition property of equality •Multiplication property of equality

hLinear equations:

hIdentity, contradiction, conditional

Clearing equations of fractions, decimals •Absolute value

hAbsolute value definition hLinear absolute value equations

hGraphing absolute value equations on a number line hLiteral equations

hDependent variable, independent variable

Solving word problems

hMixture problems

Linear Equations in Two Variables

hCartesian plane hOrdered pair hAbscissa hOrdinate hOrigin hQuadrants hCollinear points

hPlotting points on the Cartesian plane hDevelop a table of values for a linear equation hGraph a linear equation

hSlope: hFormula

hHorizontal, vertical, zero, undefined hX and Y intercepts

hStandard form of an equation hSlope-intercept form

hConvert equation to slope-intercept form hGraph equation using slope-intercept form hFind equation using point-slope form hParallel and perpendicular lines

hFind slope using another slope hFind equation using another equation

Linear Inequalities

hLaw of trichotomy hInequality notation

hGraphing inequalities on a number line hAddition property of inequality

Features

Review exercises for every section (107)

•Informational boxes including mathemati-cal history and applications of algebra (13)

•Reviews in chapter (13) •Chapter reviews (12) •Nine-weeks reviews (4) •Semester reviews (2) •Final review

Evaluation

Quizzes (36) •Tests (8) •9-weeks exam (2) •Semester exam •Final exam

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Mathematics

Linear Inequalities

cont.

hMultiplication property of inequality hSolve linear inequalities

hGraph linear inequalities on a number line hWrite inequalities from word problems hCompound inequalities

hInterval notation

hSolve compound inequalities

hGraph compound inequalities on a number line hAbsolute value inequalities

hSolve absolute value inequalities

hGraph absolute value inequalities on a number line hLinear inequalities in two variables

hSolve linear inequalities in two variables hGraph linear inequalities in two variables

Systems of Equations

hSystem of linear equations

hConsistent and inconsistent systems hDependent and independent equations hPoint of intersection

hSolve a system of linear equations: hGraphing

hSubstitution hElimination

hSolve word problems with systems of equations

Polynomial Arithmetic

•Monomial, binomial, trinomial, polynomial

hDegree of polynomial hAddition of polynomials

Combining like terms

hSubtraction of polynomials

•Multiplication of polynomials •Multiplying monomials

hProduct rule for exponents hPower rule for exponents

Multiply polynomials by monomials

hMultiply a binomial by a binomial hFOIL

hSquare a binomial

hMultiply binomial conjugates

Multiply a polynomial by a polynomial •Division of polynomials

Divide monomials

hQuotient rule for exponents hZero exponent rule hNegative exponent rule

•Divide a polynomial by a monomial

hDivide a polynomial by a binomial

•Scientific notation

hSolve equations involving simplification hWrite a quadratic equation for a polygon

hPlane geometric figures

hThree-dimensional geometric figures

Polynomial Factoring

•Greatest common factors •Prime, composite

hFundamental theorem of algebra hFactoring:

hFactor a common factor from a polynomial hPerfect square trinomials

hDifference between two squares hMonic trinomials

hNon-monic trinomials

hTrinomials with a second variable hBy grouping

hZero factor property hExtraneous solutions

hSolving equations after factoring hApplying polynomial factoring

Radical Expressions and Equations

•Radical, radicand, index •Principal root

hQuotient rule for radicals hProduct rule for radicals hSimplifying radicals

hAdding and subtracting radicals hLike radicals

hMultiplying radical expressions

hRationalizing the denominator of a radical hRationalizing two term denominators: hConjugate

hRational exponent property hExpressions with rational exponents:

hSimplify, multiply, divide hSolving radical equations

•Pythagorean theorem: •Hypotenuse, legs hPythagorean triplet hEuclid’s formula hDistance formula hDistance notation

hFind distance between two points from formula hFind distance between two points from graph

Quadratic Equations

hQuadratic equations in standard form hSolve quadratic equations by:

hFactoring

hExtracting the root hCompleting the square hQuadratic formula hPure quadratic hDiscriminant

hApplying quadratic equations in word problems

Algebra 1 cont. p. 138

Algebra 1

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Mathematics

Algebra 1

cont.

hLine of fit hExponential growth hInterpolation h➢Extrapolation •Probability •Outcome

hMutually exclusive or not mutually exclusive

Calculate probability of single event

hProbability notation

Independent events

hDependent events

hProbability of multiple events hConditional probability hTree diagram

Rational Expressions and Equations

hRational expression hUndefined hDomain

hSimplifying rational expressions hMultiply rational expressions hDivide rational expressions

hAdd and subtract rational expressions

hLeast common denominator of rational expressions hComplex fractions

hSolving rational equations

Proportion •Word problems

Ratios and proportions

hWord problems involving work

Functions

hDirect variation hConstant of variation

hDependent variable and independent variable hFunctions

hRelation

hFunction notation

hDetermine if an equation is a function hDomain of functions

hZero of a function hParabola

hVertex

hParabola vertex formula hGraph parabolas hRigid transformations hNon-rigid transformations hParent function hVertical translation hHorizontal translation

hStandard graphing form of a parabola

Statistics and Probability

hStatistics hDescriptive hInferential hGraphs features:

hChart title, scale, gridlines, zero line, category label, axis title,

major and minor gridlines, data label, legend •Bar graph

Interpreting bar graphs •Creating bar graphs

hFrequency hTrend

hSegmented bar graph

hInterpreting segmented bar graphs hClustered bar graph

hInterpreting clustered bar graphs

Percent of change •Circle graphs

Creating circle graphs •Interpreting circle graphs

hTypes of information hQualitative hQuantitative hClasses categorization hStem-and-Leaf plots hStem hLeaf

hCreating stem-and-leaf plots hInterpreting stem-and-leaf plots hHistograms

hCreating histograms hInterpreting histograms hFrequency distribution

hSymmetric or asymmetric distribution hMeasure of center •Arithmetic mean •Median hOutlier •Mode hBox-and-Whisker plot

hCreating box-and-whisker plot hInterpreting box-and-whisker plot hDispersion hFive-number summary hMinimum hMaximum hQuartiles hSkewness hScatterplots hUnivariate date hBivariate data

hExplanatory and response variable hPositive and negative association hCausation

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Mathematics

Introductory Review

Words as algebraic expressionsTerms and symbols

Number lineOrder of operations

Addition and subtraction of polynomialsEquations involving addition and subtraction

hInequalities involving addition and subtraction

Word problems

Multiplication and division of polynomialsSpecial cases of multiplication

hSynthetic division

Special cases of division

Solving equations and literal equations

hSolving inequalities

Algebraic representationGeneral principles

Factoring

Review factor, prime factor, monomial factorsPerfect square trinomials

Difference of two squares

hSum or difference: of two cubes, of the same odd powers hDifference of even powers of two numbers

Quadratic trinomial, general quadratics

hPolynomials with common polynomial factors hMaking a perfect square trinomial for factoring hApplying by solving equations

hGeneral principles

Rational Expressions & Equations in One Variable

hSigns in fractions

hRational numbers and expressions hEquivalent fractions

hLowest term

hReducing a fractional algebraic expression hLeast common denominator of algebraic fractions hAddition and subtraction of algebraic fractions hMultiplication and division of algebraic fractions

hComplex algebraic fractions hEquations in one variable:

hRoot of, extraneous root hRational and non-rational hLinear form

hClearing equations of fractions hLiteral equations hFormulas of hGeneral principles

Coordinate Geometry

hGraphs: •Coordinate plane

hx-axis, y-axis, origin

Abscissa, ordinate

Rectangular coordinates, quadrants

hx-intercept, y-intercept

hUsing graphs to solve word problems

•Graphing linear equations by table

hGraphing linear equations by slope-intercept form hGraphing linear inequalities

hSlope:

hFrom two points hVariation, undefined

hPerpendicular and parallel lines hDistance between two points hPythagorean theorem hMidpoint

hEquation of a line using two points, point-slope form

Variation & Dependence

hVariables: independent, dependent

•Constants, functions •Domain, rangeRatios •Proportions:

Means, extremes

•Fundamental law of proportions

hVariation: hDirect, inverse

hApplied to geometric solids

Algebra 2 cont. p. 140

Grade 10

Algebra 2

Grade 10

Algebra 2 presents a thorough review of elementary algebra and will help the student acquire

important manipulative algebraic skills. Students will develop self-reliance and confidence in their accuracy by repeated insistence on the checking of algebraic solutions. The students’ under-standing of the algebraic concepts will advance to prepare them for further study in mathematics.

Supplementary Exercises

Progress test and improvement text at end of each chapter

•For Experts Only test at end of most chapters •Historic character interest stories: Robert

Recorde, Sir Isaac Newton, René Descartes, Leonhard Euler, Albert Einstein

Algebra in Action—Interest Scenarios: Kinetic Energy, Medicine, Air Resistance and Bicycles, Rope Strength, Hull Speed, Is it likely to rain?

Evaluation

Quizzes (46) •Tests (8) •9-weeks exam (2) •Semester exam •Final exam

(11)

140

Mathematics

Variation & Dependence

cont.

hIn construction of formulas hEmpirical formulas hGraphs of variation hWord problems

Systems of Equations

•Simultaneous equations: elimination by addition and subtrac-tion, by substitution

•Systems of literal equations

hWith three unknowns hGeneral principles hWord problems

Powers & Roots

PowerRoot:

Index of

hOdd or even root

Square, cube

hReal, imaginary

Principal

hBinomial theorem hPascal’s triangle

hFinding the rth term of an expansion of (a + b)n

•Square root of a polynomial

hFinding roots by factoring

Finding powers and roots using a calculator

hWord problems hGeneral principles

Exponents, Radicals, & Imaginary Numbers

•Exponent theory: general principles, zero, negative values, fractional values

hOperations hScientific notation

•Reduction of radicals: radicand, order, rational and irrational numbers

Reducing radicals to the same order

•Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of radicals

Exponents, Radicals, & Imaginary Numbers

cont.

Rationalization: hFactors •Denominators hConjugate •Powers of radicals hRoots of radicals hApplications hRadical equations

hImaginary and complex numbers:

hFundamental property of imaginaries, powers of i hGraphic representation, standard form

hNumber theory: natural numbers, fractions, positive and

nega-tive numbers

hWord problems hGeneral principles

Quadratic & Higher Equations

Quadratic equations:Defined

hCoincident and imaginary roots

Minimum points

Solving incomplete and complete quadratics:

Factoring, completing the square, quadratic formulaGeneral direction

Literal equations

hRadical equations leading to quadratics hEquations in quadratic form:

hGraphing: hCircles

Parabolas

hEllipses, hyperbolas hSystems of equations

hSolving systems of equations involving quadratics

hThe nature of roots of quadratics: discriminant, real or

imagi-nary, equal or unequal

hSolving polynomials of degree three or greater: hZeros, factor theorem, graphs, imaginary factors hFactors of nth order polynomials

hWord problems hGeneral principles

Logarithmic, Exponential, & Rational Functions

hIntroduction: hLogarithms, base

hCommon logarithms, natural logarithms hCalculators

hConverting between exponential and logarithmic form: hExponential equations

hLogarithmic equations

hDomain and range of logarithmic functions hLogarithm properties: products, quotients, powers hAntilogarithms: original number, calculators hApplications: decibels, star magnitude, the pH scale hExponential functions:

hForm, graphs, asymptotes hDomain and range

hSimple and compound interest

hSolving exponential and logarithmic equations hGraphs

hRational functions: vertical and horizontal asymptotes hGeneral properties

Trigonometry

Angle properties

•Measuring tiny angles: minutes and seconds •Triangle properties:

By angle measure

hSum of angles

Pythagorean theorem, similar triangles

Algebra 2

cont.

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Mathematics

Travel

•Times zones: prime meridian, international date line

hBy train or bus, renting a car hWord problems

Income

Hourly wages, straight time, overtime, time and a half, piece-work wages

•Employers, employees

hTime clocks hIncentive bonus

•Tips, salary

Commission: rate of commission, amount of sales

hSelf-employment, fees

Gross income, net income •Deductions:

•Federal income tax

hSocial security tax, FICA

•Gross pay, net pay, take-home pay

hWord problems

Buying a Car

hCost of a car: warranty, trade-in, options, advertisements,

taxes and fees, registration and rates

hFinancing: installments, installment charge, carrying charge,

contract

hDepreciation: average annual depreciation, rate of depreciation

•Insurance: •Liability

hBodily injury, property

Collision, comprehensive

hDeductible, premium

hMaintenance and repair: owner’s manual, service manual, trunk

essentials

hAnnual operating cost hLeasing:

hOpen-ended lease, closed-ended lease hLessee, lease agreement

hWord problems

Trigonometry

cont.

•Trigonometric functions: •Of acute angles •Of special angles: •30°-60°-90° triangle •45°-45°-90° triangle •Triangle solutions

•Angles of elevation and depression •Function values using a calculator

hOf non-acute angles hLaw of sines, cosines hWord problems

Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 142

Consumer Mathematics

Grade 10

No student studying Consumer Mathematics is tempted to ask, Why do I have to learn this? No other math course is as clearly related to knowledge and skills that are a must for every person. Percents, proportions, fractions, decimals, word problem skills, and many other concepts are fun to learn in the practical setting of buying a car, food, house, clothing, insurance, etc.

Consumer tips are given frequently, but most importantly, biblical principles are highlighted throughout the text.

The accompanying workbook gives students the practice they need to master arithmetic skills and completes the course.

Supplementary Exercises

Analytical Skills Problem Solving Scenario within each chapter

•Skills and Review Exercises Workbook to be used simultaneously with the text for homework and review:

•Daily practice exercises for maintenance of basic mathematics skills

Unit and exam review exercises

Evaluation

Quizzes (35)

•Tests (8)

•9-weeks exam (2)

Semester exam, final exam

•Skills development exercises (optional—12)

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Grade 10

Statistics & Probability

•Measures of central tendency: •Mean, median, mode •Bimodal, multimodal

hMeasures of dispersion: range, standard deviation

Normal distribution, frequency distribution •Histogram

hCounting, permutations, and combinations: theory and formulas

Probability of a single event

hMutually and non-mutually exclusive events

Probability of multiple events: •Independent events

hDependent events

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Mathematics

Budgeting

hTime budget

Circle graph: steps in preparing, protractor •Household budget:

hItemizing to estimate expenses hBalancing the budget, trial budget hBudget adjustments

hStandardized budgets hDisposable income hWord problems

Housing

hRenting versus buying: security deposit

•Mortgage loans: •Principal, balance

hMortgage loan schedule

Property tax

hAssessed value, market value

hTax rate: as a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in mills

Homeowner’s insurance:

hTenant’s policies hRepairs and upkeep hFurnishing costs

•Purchasing electricity: kilowatt-hour, electric company rates, reading the electric meter

Purchasing natural gas: gas meter, cubic foot, hundred cubic feet, natural gas rates

hOther utility expenses: water rates, wastewater rates

Housing

cont.

hTelephone rates: local service, long distance hWord problems

Food

hBuying food

hGrocery shopping tips

Reading graphs

•Unit price, using unit price •Conversion equivalents

hInflation

hConsumer price index hCost of living:

hCities ranked by cost of groceries hRange statistic

Circle graph

•The metric system: conversions

hRestaurant eating: table service, fast food, chain, franchise,

franchiser, eating-out tips, junk food

hFood freezers

hSaving food dollars: coupons hFood labeling and nutrition hU.S. Food and Drug Administration hMeasuring calories:

hCalorie, kilocalorie

hCalorie need: based on age, on occupation

hCalorie content of selected foods

•Using calories

hBalanced diet hWord problems

Clothing

hClothing plan

hBuying clothing by mail: shipping charges

hStretching the clothing budget: clothing quality, care hSewing your own clothing

•Buying clothing on sale: •Discount

hList price

Rate of discount

hConsumer price index for clothing hPrice changes

Profit and loss in the clothing business:

•Cost, selling price, gross profit, net profit, overhead, loss •Selected business formulas: gross profit, net profit, loss

hOperating statement: net sales, gross profit, net profit hMarkup on cost, finding selling price based on markup on cost hMarkup on retail price, finding cost based on markup on retail hManufacturer’s cost: wholesale price, total factory cost, factory

overhead, cost of a garment

hWord problems

Leisure

hTaking a vacation hShopping

hEnjoying the computer:

hProgram, programmer, microcomputer, history of, analog

computers, digital computers

hBit, binary, conversions hCooking:

Recipes: conversions, adjustments

hReading books:

•Roman numerals in copyright

hChurch activities hWord problems

Federal Taxes & Records

hSocial security tax

Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA)

hMedicare

•Federal income tax •Progressive tax

hW-4 form

Exemptions, dependents

hWithholding allowance hIncome tax return:

W-2 form

h1040 EZ, 1040A, 1040 hJoint return, separate return hHead of household

Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 143

Consumer Mathematics

cont.

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143

Mathematics

•Bondholder, par value, premium, discount, broker, brokerage fee

hWall Street Journal, quoted price, net change hInterest paid on bonds: annual yield

hProceeds from bonds: hAccrued interest hUsing a calculator

•Buying stock:

hLiquid money

•Common stock, preferred stock, dividends, par value

hNo-par stock

•Market price

hPrice to earnings ratio, net change hThe stockbroker:

hRound lots, odd lots hNo-load stocks

•Brokerage fees for stock •Dividends from stock:

hCash dividends, stock dividends hCapital gains and losses on sale of stock:

hBull market, bear market hCapital gain, capital loss hWord problems

Small Business

hBeginning a small business: hEntrepreneur

hCapital, owner capital, creditor capital hStandard business ratio

hExpenses, assets and liabilities, resources hNet worth

hOwner’s equity hBalance sheet:

hCurrent assets, fixed assets hCurrent liabilities, fixed liabilities hHorizontal format

hBalance

hRatio analysis: current ratio, quick ratio, acid-test ratio hIncome statement:

hNet profit, net loss hPercent analysis hRatios related to sales:

hAverage collection period hInventory turnover

hAverage daily sales, annual sales

hPayroll record: employees’ quarterly federal tax returns hBreak-even point analysis: fixed costs, variable costs hTrade discounts:

hList price, gross selling price hChain discount

hTrade credit: percent of discount, discount period, net, credit

period, invoice dates, E.O.M •Storage and inventory:

•Volume

hInventory hWord problems

Federal Taxes & Records

cont.

•State income tax:

hSample state tax rates hCash records:

hAudited

hCash receipt record, cash payment record hComparing receipts and payments: deficit hCash payment records

hWord problems

Banking

Electronic transfer •Demand deposit

•NOW accounts, super-NOW accounts, money-market accounts •Depositor

•Monthly service charge •Bank balance

•ATM, PIN •Deposit slips •Writing checks:

•Check stubs, register

hOverdraft

•Reconciling the bank statement: •Canceled checks

hOutstanding checks hBorrowing money:

hPromissory note, signature loan, unsecured loan, collateral,

secured loan

•Interest: simple interest, principal, rate of interest, time •Installment plans: finance charge, percent of interest •Constant ratio formula

•Credit cards:

hActive, credit line hSavings account

•Compound interest:

hExponent, base

hCertificates of deposit, savings bonds, series EE savings

bonds, maturity date

hRelated bank services: safety deposit box, cashier’s check,

certified check, traveler’s checks, debit card, online banking

hWord problems

Investments

•Life insurance:

•Rider, term insurance, lifetime insurance, endowment insurance •Straight life, limited payment life, premiums

hLife insurance benefits:

•Cash value

hBorrowing, extended term, accelerated death benefit,

divi-dend

hLife insurance settlement options: hLump sum payment

hAnnuity: fixed amount, fixed number of years, lifetime,

guar-anteed life annuity •Buying bonds:

Consumer Mathematics

cont.

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Mathematics

Introduction to Geometry

•Geometry defined

hPrinciples, informal statements, axioms, postulates

•Fundamental definitions: equal segments, midpoint, trisection •Angles:

•Equal, bisector

hPerigon

•Straight angle, adjacent, right, perpendicular lines, acute, obtuse, reflex

hOblique

•Complementary, supplementary, vertical

•Measuring angles; degrees, minutes, seconds; protractor; com-pass

•Triangle:

•Defined, vertices, base, exterior angle

hOpposite interior angle, median

•Altitude, scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute, obtuse, right, equiangular, sum of angles

•Polygon: •Defined

hBase, adjacent sides, diagonal, convex, concave, sum of angles,

regular, center •Circle:

•Defined, center, circumference, diameter, radius

hChord, arc, semicircle, quadrant

•Congruence: •Defined

hCorresponding parts

•Constructions:

•Perpendicular bisector, angle bisector, angle •Perpendicular at a point

hPerpendicular from a point

•Triangle given three sides, one side and adjacent angles, two sides and included angle

hOptical illusions, deduction

Euclid’s Elements

hNumeric applications

Rectilinear Plane Figures

•Demonstrative proof: defined, demonstrated, given, prove, analy-sis, proof, theorem, corollary

•Triangles congruent by: •SAS hLL •ASA hLA •SSS hHA, SAA, HL

•Triangle sides-angles relationships:

•Isosceles triangle, equilateral, equiangular

hExterior-exterior angle, opposite sides-angles hAuxiliary lines, direct and indirect method of proof

•Parallel lines

hParallel postulate and corollary hTransversal formed

hAngles formed, angle relationships hProving lines parallel

Proving angles equal, supplementary, complementary •Triangle relationships:

•Sum of angles

hExterior-opposite interior angles

Plane Geometry cont. p. 145

Plane Geometry

Grade 11

Plane Geometry teaches students how to use known facts to verify the truth of additional facts, to

solve geometric problems, and to use deductive reasoning for drawing correct conclusions. Students learn to think naturally, logically, and systematically whenever they encounter a proof to write, a con-struction to make, or a problem to solve. They are then equipped throughout life to perform such tasks as determining which car is the better buy or identifying truth and flaws in politics.

5 Final Review Exercises

Quick Reference & Summaries

Conversion tables, plane geometry notation and formulas

•Basic mathematics axioms, geometry principles, postulates, and informal statements

•Theorems and corollaries, properties of proportions, transformations

Constructions, proof methods, factual summaries

Topical Interest Essays

Geometry Past and Present; Geometry and the Pyramids

•Euclid, Master of Logic; Geometry and Solomon’s Temple

Archimedes, Greatest Mathematician of AntiquityGeometry and the Parthenon; Blaise Pascal,

Inventor, Mathematician, Writer

•The Golden Ratio; Leibniz, Universal Genius •Notre Dame de Paris; Isaac Barrow, Teacher,

Friend of Isaac Newton

•Kaleidoscope; Sir Christopher Wren, Mathematician and Architect

•The value of π; Symmetry in Nature

Evaluation

•Quizzes (50) •Tests (8) •9-weeks exam (2) •Semester exam •Final exam

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Mathematics

Evaluation

•Quizzes (50) •Tests (8) •9-weeks exam (2) •Semester exam •Final exam

Proportions & Similar Polygons

•Definitions: ratio, antecedent, consequent, proportion, extremes, means

hFourth proportional

•Mean proportional

hThird proportional, continued proportion

Fundamental properties: product of means and extremes, writ-ing proportions

hLike-powers axioms

Finding a mean proportional

hTransformations: alternation, inversion, addition, subtraction,

like powers

hProportional segments: by parallel lines, by angle bisectors

Similar polygons, corresponding sides

hCorresponding angles, ratio of similitude hProving triangles similar aaa, aa, sas, ll, sss

hProportional line proofs: in triangles, with parallel lines, in right

triangles, in circles

hPythagorean theorem proved hSimilar polygons:

hProportional sides, perimeters, diagonals, corresponding

lengths

hSimilarity of corresponding triangles

hConstruction of proportional segments and polygons: fourth

proportional, a given proportional, mean proportional

hProjection

hNumeric applications

Surface Measurement

•Defined, equal figures, constant, variable

hLimit

•Area mensuration formulas for rectangle, square, parallelo-gram, triangle, trapezoid

hArea proportions for rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle,

trapezoid

hAreas of similar triangles and similar polygons

•Pythagorean theorem:

hBy areas of squares, by area of similar polygons hConstruction of equal non-similar shapes hTransforming plane figures

hNumeric applications

Regular Polygons & Circles

Defined

hInscribed and circumscribed, chords, tangents, midpoints hInscribed and circumscribed circles

hAngle at center of n-gon

hRatios regarding similar polygons: perimeters, corresponding

sides, areas, radii, apothems •Area formula

hCircle proportions hFormulas to measure:

Circumferences, radii, diameters •Pi

Rectilinear Plane Figures

cont.

hAcute angles of right triangle h30°-60°-90°

hUnequal lines and angles, perpendicular lines, triangles with

unequal lines and angles

hDistance defined between two points, two lines, a line and a

point

Parallelograms and quadrilaterals:

Defined, base, altitude, rhombus, rectangle, square

hRelationships of sides, angles, diagonals, shapes formed hProving a quadrilateral is a parallelogram

hSegments intersected by parallel lines

•Trapezoid: •Defined, legs hMedian •Altitude hIsosceles •Polygons: •Defined

hSum of exterior angles, sum of interior angles hEach angle measure, formulas

hConcurrent lines of a triangle: hDefined, altitudes

hAngle bisectors, perpendicular bisectors of sides, medians hProof reasoning methods (critical thinking skills): analytic,

syn-thetic, general method

hInequality axioms hNumeric applications

The Circle

•Relationships of equal arcs, central angles, and chords; unequal arcs, central angles, and chords; chord distances from center

Diameter-chord relationships, perpendicular relationships •Inscribed and circumscribed polygons

Tangent lines and relationships, common tangents

•Tangent and intersecting circles, common chord, concentric circles

•Measuring angles and arcs, inscribed angles, semicircles •Angles formed by combinations of chords, tangents, secants •Constructions and proofs:

Reviewed

hBisect arc

•Parallel lines

hDivide a line into n equal parts

hCircumscribe a circle, inscribe a circle, tangent to a circle hCircle from various givens, triangle from various givens hLocus:

hDefinitions and drawings hFundamental locus theorems:

hEquidistant and given distances from various points hIntersecting and parallel lines

hCenters of circles tangent to a line, etc.

•Intersecting loci

General directions for constructions

Plane Geometry

cont.

Plane Geometry cont. p. 146

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Mathematics

Business Mathematics

Grade 11

Business Mathematics introduces secondary students to beginning accounting procedures and

gives valuable insight into the world of investments. At the same time, the course reviews and expands students’ understanding of basic mathematic principles, concepts, and skills. Students use arithmetic, algebra, and geometry as tools to make better financial decisions and to gain an understanding of the workings of business.

The excellent balance of skills practice and problem solving meets the needs of the varying abilities of the students. Students increase their understanding of good investment practices and the stock market. The daily Basic Mathematics Practice Exercises review the fundamentals of mathematics while challenging the students with interesting word problems and concepts that may be new to them. These exercises require students to apply and connect various types of mathematical knowledge. Bible principles regarding finance are set forth throughout this textbook.

Evaluation

•Quizzes (34) •Skills development exercises (54) •Tests (8) •9-weeks exam (2) •Semester exam •Final exam

Stewardship

Keeping money recordsAccounting, bookkeeping

Cash receipts and payment recordsTerminology:

Addends, sum, minuend, subtrahendDifference, multiplicand, multiplierProduct, factor, dividend, divisor, quotientAssets, liabilities, capital:

hAccounts receivable, accounts payable

Creditor

hAccounting equations

Balance sheet

Income, cost of goods sold, operating expensesProfit, loss: net sales, gross profit, equations

hCorporation: average owner’s equity, return on equity

Income statementDebits and credits:

Assets, liabilities, capitalIncome, cost of goods, expenses

hJournal, double-entry bookkeeping system, debit entry,

credit entry, “T” accounts

hGeneral journal: debit and credit entries and totals hGeneral ledger: chart of accounts

hPractical exercise application problems hWord problems

hGeneral principles hUnit review

Managing Your Business

•Ratio analysis:

•Ratio, antecedent, consequent •Current ratio, quick ratio

hLiquidity of assets, current liabilities

•Percent analysis:

•Percent, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, net profit

•Proportion, means, extremes, algebraic axioms

hAverage collection turnover:

•Average daily sales, equations •Inventory turnover:

•Cost of goods sold, average inventory •Amount of sales, average inventory

Business Mathematics cont. p. 147

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Plane Geometry

cont.

Regular Polygons & Circles

cont.

hArc length using angles in degrees

hSectors, segments, similar sectors and segments hConstructions: inscribing a square, regular polygons hNumeric applications including 30°-60°-90°, 45°-45°-90°

Trigonometry

•Defined

hGraphic solutions

•Right triangle solutions

•Sine, cosine, tangent, ratios, functions of angles in degrees •Interpolation, angles of elevation and depression

•Numeric applications

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Mathematics

•Real return on an investment: •Inflation, taxes

hExpected gross return, expected after-tax return,

expected real return

hWord problems hGeneral principles hUnit review

Income Taxes

Earning a living:

hEducation, years with a business, responsibility

•Salary, hourly, commission, piecework, tip, overtime, regular pay, bonus

Deductions: •Gross pay, net pay •FICA, social security tax

hMaximum taxable income

•Inflation

Income tax return: 1040EZ, employee’s withholding, allow-ance certificate, W-4 form, dependents, W-2 form, 1040A, 1040, tax audit

•State income taxes: sample rate table •Sales tax

•Property tax:

•Assessed value, property tax rate, market value, assessed value

As a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in mills

hCorporate income tax: corporation, taxable income, annual

gross income, deductions, graduated tax

hPractical exercise application problems hWord problems

hGeneral principles hUnit review

Banking

•Checking records:

Balance, deposit slip, currency, transit number •Finding percent of increase or decrease •Checks and register:

•Steps for writing a check

•Bouncing a check, poor credit risk •Bank statement

hRC, OD

Canceled check, outstanding check

hOutstanding deposit, reconcile

•Electronic banking: electronic funds transfer, automatic teller, PIN, debit card

hLoans to small businesses:

hSingle-payment loans, term, maturity value hDiscount loan, proceeds, installment loan, amount

financed

hPractical exercise application problems hWord problems

hGeneral principles hUnit review

Managing Your Business

cont.

Break-even point:

Fixed costs, variable costs

hGraph analysis

Parallel lines, intersecting lines, coordinate planeReview of mathematical order of operation

hFormula

Trade discount: list price, net price, percentage

Trade credit: percent of discount, discount period, credit period, E. O. M

•Storage and Inventory: •Volume, congruent

•Cube, edges, rectangular solid, cylinder, cone •Conversion factors:

Time, English linear, liquid, dry, weight, metric •Metric-English

hPractical exercise application problems hWord problems

hGeneral principles hUnit review

Investment

•Reading the stock exchange table •Principal, dividends:

•Fraction, denominator, numerator, mixed number •Greatest common factor, prime number, composite

number

•Least common denominator, improper fraction •Absolute value, cancellation, reciprocal •Stock market

•Buying and selling stock:

hStock certificate

•Stockbrokers

hStock exchange, New York Stock Exchange

Market value

•Mixed decimal, whole number, decimal, terminating deci-mal, repeating decimal

Capital gain, capital loss

hPractical exercise application problems

hStock market game: log sheets, money market fund

Certificate of deposit (CD): simple interest formula, per-cents

•Savings account:

hFDIC

hFinding the principal: ending-balance method,

minimum-balance method, daily-interest method

hReal estate: things to be aware of, rate of income, annual

net income, cash investment

hCorporate bonds:

hBondholder, face value, par value, premium, discount,

quoted price

hAnnual yield, annual interest, selling price hMutual funds: investment portfolio, prospectus

•Compound interest

Business Mathematics

cont.

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References

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