Index

International Law Situations

With Solutions and Notes

U.S. Naval War College (Editor)

The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S.

Page ..A.B.C. po,vers___________________________________________ 114

.Aerial na·viga tion :

Convention, 1919~--- 70 International significance of__________________________ 71 Rules for___________________________________________ 72 Treaties regarding__________________________________ 73 Aerodrome--- 59,60,7~81 AggressiorL_____________________________________________ 123 Air, status of___________________________________________ 69 Air armaments--- 74, '77 Air con1merce--- 73 Aircraft:

Definition of________________________________________ 71 ?\lilitar~·--- 80 Aircraft landing stations ___________________________ 54, 59, 60, 84 Terminology --- 77 Airports, floating (see also Seadromes) --- 59 Air service, regulation of_________________________________ 74 Air space--- 69,71 Alabama clahns (see also Treaty of 'Vashington) --- 6 Albania_________________________________________________ 100 American Institute of International Law ________________ 58,104 Anna, the, 1805--- · 57 Area of hostilities_______________________________________ 42 .Argentina_______________________________________________ 114 Arms and munitions, .shipment of ______________________ 116, 131 .Artificial extensions of land_____________________________ 85 Artificial structures, maritime jurisdiction and ____________ 53-87 ~sylum_________________________________________________ 97 Aviation, civil:

Internationalization of______________________________ 71 International action 011--- 79 Military features in construction of material for______ 80 Awards, international ___________________ .________________ 112 .Ayala__________________________________________________ 90 ·Balance of power_______________________________________ 125 JBartolus--- 101

Base of operations _____________________________________ _ Attitude of United States on _______________________ _ Definition of _______________________________________ _ Essentialidea of ___________________________________ _ Hall's attitude toward _____________________________ _ Lavvrence on _______________________________________ _

~eutral waters as---Presumption as tO---~--­ VVestlake on, 1907 and 1910---VVhat constitutes ___________________________________ _ Beacons _______________________________________________ _

Belligerent dutieS---U.S. regulations, 1793, OlL __________________________ _ Belligerent rights ______________________________________ _ Bering Sea Arbitration _________________________________ _

Bismarck---Blockade (see atlso Pacific blockade)---. ~oi~t.1913---0f Buenos Ayres, 1838---0f Crete ___________________________________________ _ Of Fiun1e, 1D20 ____________________________________ _

Of Greec~ 1916---~---0f N or,va~·

---Page 2,13 8,15 25 5. 15, 19. 4,41 G. 18 24 68. 22,41 3 2,4 61 127-98 100 ..

95 100 101 101 127 Boxer uprising__________________________________________ 129~

Boycott ________________________________________________ 89-136

Chinese, 1905--- 108 . Committee on_______________________________________ 110 .. Brazil__________________________________________________ 114 Br·eakwaters____________________________________________ 65, 86 . Brussels Act, 1890--- 129 . Buenos Ayres, blockade of_______________________________ 95 .. Buoys--- 57,68,84 Bynkershoek____________________________________________ 55 ~

Canada:

Responsibilit;r of, for radio__________________________ 48 United States Act, 1887, on entrance of Yessels of______ 93 Cartagena --- 96 ~

Chefoo --- 36 . Chile:

Aerial regulation of_________________________________ 72 Good offices of _____________________________________ ~ 114

China:

China-Continued. Page

Infringement of neutrality of________________________ 37 Nine Po,ver Treaty and______________________________ 49 Use of boycott in____________________________________ 107 Civil war, U.S., coaling during___________________________ 17 Clearance of vessels--- 92 Coaling---~---- 5,7,16 Cochin China___________________________________________ 17 Cockburn, Lord Chief Justice, encroachment$ on the sea___ 65 Coercion ______________________________________________ 117,118 Collective action________________________________________ 125

Colombia:

American forces in ______________________ --- 129 Attitude toward radio stations, 1914-15_______________ 46 Comite international technique d'experts juridiques

aeriens, 1927--- 70

Comite juridique international de !'aviation, 1930_________ 60 Commission of Jurists, 1923:

On rules in regard to radio_________________________ 46 On coercive rneasures_______________________________ 118 Communications:

Control during war__________________________________ 48 ~leans of___________________________________________ 45

Common action---·---~-- 125

Common defense, U.S., constitutional provisions___________ 126 Gmnte de Thon"a1·, Le____________________________________ 96

Concert:

British-Swedish --- 126

European, in Cretan waters________________________ 97 Contraband ____________________________________________ 2, 9, 14

Contract debts, convention on recovery of________________ 93 Cooperation, on suppression of slave trade_________________ 12'8 Cope

v.

Oo___________________________

Crete:

Blockade of_________________________________________ 100

European concert in waters of________________________ 97 Cuba, wireless regulations, 1914--- 44

Danzig:

Access of Polish warships to port of___________________ 43 Boycott of__________________________________________ 109 Days of grace ___________________________________ 93,95, 101,102

_l)efense _______________________________________________ 123,133

Use of air armament in______________________________ 76

Denmark: Page Attitude toward use of territorial waters_____________ 34'

Definition of island_________________________________ 63 · Prot'est against infringement of neutrality--- 133: Disarmament Conference, 1932 ________________________ 71, 74, 7!J Discovery_______________________________________________ 61 Display of force_______________________________________ 93. Dominican Republic_____________________________________ 115. Drago doctrine__________________________________________ 93 Due diligence ____________________________________ 5,. 8, 10, 14, 21

Econmnic sanctions and Pact of Paris__________________ 110 Eddystone lighthouse____________________________________ 65· Embargo ___________________________________________ 93, 116, 134

Evansville Co. v. Ghero Cola Go., 1926--- 82

Fish, Hamilton, on neutrality--- 28 · Fitting out and arming ______________________________ 3, 6, 8, 25· Fiume, Italian blockade of, 1920_________________________ 101 Flag, of states having no seacoast________________________ 70·

] 1loating platforms. See Seadromes.

Force, display of_____________________________________ 93: Force, use of ___________________________________________ 93,111

Third states and--- 121; Uniterl States Navy regulations on__________________ 121 Franco-Prussian War, hovering during___________________ 26. Fur Seal Arbitration____________________________________ 61.

Genet, ~1--- 2 Gentilis_________________________________________________ 90 Gericke_________________________________________________ 31

Germany:

Definition of island _________ --- 62 On European concert in Cretan waters________________ 98 Proposed international cooperation in China:... ________ 127, 132 ·

Good offices--- 114

Grant, President, neutrality procla1nation of______________ 26 · Great Britain:

Alabama claims, and________________________________ 9 · Cooperation in suppression of slave trade_____________ 128

Cooperation with Sweden____________________________ 126 ·

Definition of island--- 62 ~ On belligerent vessels in neutral ports________________ 38~

Greece: Page·

Allied blockade of, 1916--- 101 Dispute with Italy, 1923--- 116 Neutrality of, 1917--- 42 Grotius---·--- 55, 101

{

1899_________________________________ 91 Hague Conference_ 1907--- 37, 41, 91 Hague ConYentions, 1907:

V. Convention respecting rights and duties of neutral powers and persons in war on land ______________ 49, 50

XIII. Convention concerning rights and duties of

neu-tral powers in maritime war ____ 21, 22, 24, 33, 41, 51

H~titi--- 115 Hall, J. A., on base of. operations_________________________ 15 Hay, John, Secretary of State____________________________ 129 H enna.nn, The _________________ --- 27 Hig·h-sea aerodrmnes. See Seadromes.

High seas: ·

Airports in__________________________________________ 59 Artificial extension into_____________________________ 85 Use of ______________________________________________ 54,57

High-water mark________________________________________ 64

IIostile acts _____________________________________ 12,21,113,116

Flovering _____________________ ~--- 26

~Iuerta, General--- 113

Hydroplanes____________________________________________ 74

Innocent passage, in air space--- 12·

Institut de Droit "International, on:

Blockade __________________________________________ 94,103

Maritime jurisdiction________________________________ 60

'Vashington Treaty, 1871--- 12

International law--- 20

International police_____________________________________ 79·

Internationalization--- 71, 83

Intervention _____________________________________________ 31,97

lJnited States ______________________________________ 31,129·

Islands--- 57

Acquisition of jurisdiction over--- Artificial---Assimilation of seadromes to _______________________ _

Definition of _______________________________________ _

Ita lo-G reek dispute ______________

---61 58,62

Japan: Page As to neutral and belligerent rights___________________ 39

Neutrality proclamation, 1870--- 29

Kellogg-Briand Pact. See Renunciation of war, treat~r for.

Irorea--- 35,43

Landing station. See Aircraft landing station; Aero-dromes ; SeaAero-dromes.

La Plata, blockade of__________________________________ 96 Latouche Trev-ille, The__________________________________ 27

Lawrence, Thomas J.: Base of operations_________________ 19

League of Nations:

Commission on civil aviation_______________________ 79

Committee of jurists_________________________________ 118

Council--- 43, 120, 123

Covenant--- 117

Article 16 --- 103, 107, 119, 123

VVar and---~----~ 119 ~easures short of war and__________________________ 120 Lighthouses _____________________________________________ 56,64

During war--- 84

Jurisdiction over--- 60

~aritime belt around________________________________ 67

Lightships---~--- 67,86

Locarno treaties, 1925--- 123

~Iadagascar_____________________________________________ 17

~anchuria ______________________________________________ 35,43

~arginal sea____________________________________________ 87

Marine aerodr01nes. See Seadromes. ~aritime jurisdiction :

Extension of __________________________________ 57, 66, 69, 86

Over artificial structures______________________________ 53

"l\tieans at its disposal", neutral government __________ 25, 33, 47

Means of warfare, dropping of___________________________ 76

]deasures of constraint--- 111

Measures short of war _____________________ 92,104,111,117,120

~lexico --- 112 )filitary oc~upation_____________________________________ 115

~onroe doctrine________________________________________ 124 Montenegro_____________________________________________ 100

l\Iunitions, shiptnent of ________________________________ 116, 131

Netherlands, The: Page

Air navigation agreement with United States---·~-- 73 As to belligerent warships in neutral ports ____________ 23, 38

-Definition of island_________________________________ 63

-Neutral collaboration, proposed__________________________ 132 Neutral jurisdiction ____________________________________ 2,~25

Neutral ports:

Adtnission of private vessels_________________________ 23 As base of operations_______________________________ 5 Belligerent use of _________________________ 3,9,13,14,32,36

Entrance of belligerent vessels---·--- 9, 21 Exclusion of vessels of war__________________________ 23 Hague Conference, 1907, on_________________________ 37 Repeated use of ____________________________________ 20,25 Use of ______________________________________________ 5,36

Neutral rights and duties _______________ 5, 8, 12, 21, 37, 40, 41, 49 Neutral seadromes______________________________________ 83 Neutral territory ________________________________________ 13,41

Neutral waters--- 34, 50 Belligerents in______________________________________ 1-51 " Continuous use " of ________________________________ 20, 25 Seizure in__________________________________________ 42

NeutralitY--- 28,40,104,132 Breach of ___________________________________ 8,12,17,35,37

Proclamation :

Japan,

1870---United

States-{

~

---Neutralization ---Neuvieme Congres International de Legislation:

29

2~

26 83

Aerienne, 1H30______________________________________ 59 Nine-Power treaty, Washington Conference, 1921-22_______ 49 Nonintercourse _____________________________________ 93,106,111

Norway:

Naval Cooperation against___________________________ 126 Protest of, against infringement of neutral rights_____ 133

Occupation_________________________________________ 61, 65, 118 International________________________________________ 99·

Military --- 115 Of Corfu____________________________________________ 116 Oppenheim, L___________________________________________ 60·

Pacific blockade ____________________________________ 94,102,107 Article 16 of the Covenant__________________________ 104 Definition of________________________________________ 104

-Pact of Paris. See Renunciation of war, treaty for. Page Pahner, Sir RouudeJL___________________________________ 13 Panama Canal Zone, radio installation in, 1914____________ 46 Permanent Court of International Justice_________________ 44 Poland:

Access of warships of, to port of Danzig______________ 43 Boycott of Danzig by--- 109 Portugal, rules .for aerial na Yigation_____________________ 72 Prize·s in neutral territory_______________________________ 9, 30 Products of the sea______________________________________ 5i Protection :

Afforded by neutral jurisdiction______________________ 6 Of nationals ___________________________________ 96, 115, 129

Queen v.

Keyn__________________________________________

Radio:

Canadian decision on state responsibility for__________ 48 Regulations on, 1914_________________________________ 44 United States control of, 1914-18_____________________ 51 Use of______________________________________________ 50 See also "\Vireless telegraphy.

Radio stations__________________________________________ 44 Belligerent__________________________________________ 48 Erection of_________________________________________ 51 Recruitlnent of 111e11--- 7, 8, 18

Reefs---~--- 63,69 Region of war__________________________________________ 43 Renault, L______________________________________________ 40 Renunciation of 'var____________________________________ 124 Treaty for__________________________________________ 123 Economic sanctions and_________________________ 110 United States Senate Committee on_______________ 12-1 Repairs in neutral ports__________________________________ 7 Reprisals_________________________________ 101, 106, 116, 118, 134 Restraint --- 133 Res co1n1111unis___________________________________________ 69 Res nullius_____________________________________________ 69 Retorsion _____________________________________________ 101,106 Rocks__________________________________________________ 62 Humania, definition of island____________________________ 63 Russell, Sir Charles, in Fur Seal Arbitration ___________ 61, 64, 66

Page ;Russo-Japanese 1Var, 1905--- 35, 43, 50_ Ryeshitelni, the_________________________________________ 36

~alvage--- 81 Sea:

Bed of______________________________________________ 65 Innocent use of_____________________________________ 55 Products of_________________________________________ 57 Seacoast, states haYing 110---.--- 70, 79 Seadro~es ______________________________________________ 5~60

COinparison with aircraft carriers and ships__________ 81

Control of__________________________________________ 78 In ti~e of war ___________________________________ 59, 60, 82: Xeed and importance of_____________________________ 78 Neutralization or internationalization________________ 83 Sea Horse Reef_________________________________________ 69 Sea \Yalls--- 86 Selden__________________________________________________ 55

Sel~defense ________________________________________ 32,121,124

Sell-protection _________________________________________ 97, 12l

Sequestration --- 134 " SeYerally and jointly "--- 135

Shenandoah, the--- 16 SJa Ye trade, suppression of_______________________________ 128 Sojourn _________________________________________________ 21,23

BoYereigntY---:::--- 40,69 Status quo ____________________________________________ 114,124

StraUs--- 34 S\Yeden:

British concert, with, 1814--- 12,() Proposed neutral collaboration, 1916__________________ 132 Switzerland, radio regulations, 1914______________________ 44

Takahashi, Prof_________________________________________ 36

Tampico incident, 1914--- 112 Territorial \Vaters ______________________________ 17,33,43,58,62

Belligerent use of___________________________________ 35

Contiguous zone_____________________________________ 58

Passage through____________________________________ 35

Schtickingon________________________________________ 58

Thal~·eg________________________________________________ 85 Three-n1ile li~H--- 30, 55, 64, 86

Three months rule______________________________________ 17

Treaties : Pag~

Aerial navigation, 1919--- 70~

For the renunciation of war, 1928 __________________ 110, 123

Great Britain-Sweden, 1813--- 126

Great Britain-United

States_{~!;

=

===================

i:

Locarno, 1925--- 123

Netherlands-United States___________________________ 73

Nine-Power, Washington Conference__________________ 49

Sweden-Russia______________________________________ 126

Versailles___________________________________________ 118·

Washington, 1871:

Rules of ________________________________________ 12,18

-Second rule of __________________________________ 6,42

Troops, carriage of______________________________________ 30·

Turkey, in relation to Crete______________________________ 99 ·

Twenty-four hour rule___________________________________ 30·

Unfriendly act __________________________________________ 29,

33-United States:

Articles of Confederation____________________________ 125·

Cabinet regulations, 1793, as to belligerent duties______ 3

Chinese boycott and_________________________________ 108

Common defense____________________________________ 125·

Cooperation with other po,vers--- 127

Display of force_____________________________________ 93

Intervention by ____________________________________ 31,129

Military occupation by--- 115 ·

Measures short of war_______________________________ 92

Neutrality proclamation______________________________ 2, 26

One hour pursuit____________________________________ 69·

Russiaand__________________________________________ 116

Use of force __________________________________ 112,115,121

United States v. Henning________________________________ 69 ·

Use of force _______________________________________ 93,111,118

Third states and____________________________________ 121

U.S. Navy regulations on___________________________ 121·

Venezuela_______________________________________________ D4

Vera Cruz______________________________________________ 114

Versailles, Treaty of____________________________________ 118.

Vessels:

Belligerent, in neutral ports _____________________ 4, 9, 13, 32·

Private, admission to neutral ports___________________ 5, 23~

War:

Admission to neutral ports _____________________ 9, 23, 34·

Page

Victoria --- 101

Visit and search _____________________________________ 50, 54, 84

1Valdersee, Count_______________________________________ 132

"'"ar:

Acts of_____________________________________________ 21

Commencement of----~--- 91

Definition of________________________________________ 90

La\v of_____________________________________________ 91

League of Nations Covenant and_____________________ 119

State of _________________________________________ 2,91,108

'Vashington, George, neutrality proclamation______________ 2

'Vashington, Treaty of, 1871 ________________________ 6, 12,18,42

'Vestlake--- 18,66

VVharf boat, as vessel___________________________________ 82

VVharves--- 85

'Vilson, 'Voodro\Y---~--- 113

'Vireless telegraphy (see also Radio)--- 37, 42, 44