Unit 7 Jefferson.ppt

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Unit

Seven

The Jeffersonian Age

President Thomas Jefferson

(1801 – 1809)

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The Third President

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Background on

Jefferson

 Jefferson’s views _{Jefferson’s views}

“_“Equality, Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness.”_{Equality, Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness.”}

_{Belief and faith in the common man}_{Belief and faith in the}_{common man}_._.

democracy_democracy the ideal form of gov’t, _{the ideal form of gov’t,}

functions best in agricultural society

functions best in agricultural society..

limited government._{limited government.}

strict interpretation_{strict interpretation} of the Constitution_{of the Constitution}

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Background on

Jefferson



Contrasting Views

 Believed slavery was a moral evil, but did not

free his 150 slaves until his death.

 Praised the Native American’s character but

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The 2nd American

Revolution

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First Term

 “Revolution of 1800”_{Revolution of 1800”}

 _{Believed that he had turned the}_{Believed that he had turned the}

country away from monarchy.

country away from monarchy.  _{Federalist Policies Reversed}_{Federalist Policies Reversed}

 repealed Excise Tax – Whiskey Taxrepealed Excise Tax – Whiskey Tax  reduced the debtreduced the debt

 repealed Naturalization Actrepealed Naturalization Act

 allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to expire, pardoned allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to expire, pardoned

persons imprisoned under the Sedition Act.

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First Term

 Continued Federalist _{Continued Federalist}

Policies

 Hamilton’s financial _{Hamilton’s financial}

plan

 isolationist policy_{isolationist policy}

 loose construction_{loose construction}

with the

with the Louisiana Louisiana Purchase

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Marbury vs.

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Marbury vs. Madison ~

1803

 Judiciary Act of 1801 _{Judiciary Act of 1801}

 _{Increased the number of judges & minor judicial offices}  _{Intended to keep Federalist control of the courts}_{Intended to keep Federalist control of the courts}

 John Adams

 Signed some of the new comissions on his final night in

office

 _{Last minute appointees became known as the}_“_midnight_midnight

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Marbury vs. Madison ~

1803

 President Adams appoints

William Marbury – justice of the peace for D.C.

 Denied commission by

new Sec. of State, James Madison.

 Marbury sues asking for a

writ of mandamus,

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Marbury vs. Madison ~

1803

 Chief Justice John Marshall

Will make the

Supreme Court into a integral part of

the government

_{Power of Supreme}

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1803

 Marshall’s Ruling

 _{Madison in the wrong}

 Should issue commission

 _{Marbury in the wrong}

 May not bring case directly

Supreme Ct.

 Judiciary Act 1789

unconstitutional

 Significance:

 _{Supreme Ct. has}_{Judicial Review}  _{Establishes power of the Supreme}

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Barbary Wars

 Barbary War (1801 – 1805)_{Barbary War (1801 – 1805)}

_{U.S. paid tributes}_{U.S. paid}_tributes_{, “gifts” to Muslim States of}_{, “gifts” to Muslim States of}

North Africa to protect U.S. shipping

North Africa to protect U.S. shipping  pay ransom for U.S. sailorspay ransom for U.S. sailors

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Barbary Wars

 Pasha Yussif Karamanlj of

Tripoli

_{demanded more tribute} _{declared war on U.S.}

 Pres. Jefferson ordered Navy to

confront pirates.

 resulted in a revision of the tribute

system.

 taught respect for American Navy

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Barbary Wars

 Grounding of the Philadelphia

and capture of the crew.

 Stephen Decatur recaptured

the Philadelphia

 William Eaton, U.S. Council to

Tunis, and Lt. Presley

O’Bannon led a successful attack on Derna – Tripoli

 basis of Marine Song, “from

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From the Halls of Montezuma To the shores of Tripoli We fight our country's battles

In the air on land and sea.

First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean; We are proud to bear the title

Of United States Marines. Our flag's unfurled to every breeze From dawn to setting sun;

We have fought in every clime and place Where we could take a gun.

In the snow of far-off Northern lands And in sunny tropic scenes;

You will find us always on the job

--The United States Marines. Here's health to you and to our Corps Which we are proud to serve;

In many a strife we've fought for life And never lost our nerve.

If the Army and the Navy Ever look on Heaven's scenes, They will find the streets are guarded

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Expanding the

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Louisiana

Purchase

 Importance

 _{difficult to send goods over the Appalachian Mts.}

 need to send goods down the Mississippi to eastern markets.  Pinckney Treaty (1795) was revoked

 with Spain allowed U.S. navigation of the Mississippi River

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Louisiana

Purchase



Napoleon Bonaparte



French Emperor



Dreams of

“

American Empire

”



Forces Spain to

cede Louisiana

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Louisiana

Purchase

 Jefferson response:

 _{Buy N. Orleans or War}

w/ France

 _{James Monroe /}

Robert Livingstone to France

 $2 million offer

 _{James Madison to}

England

 Naval support if

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Louisiana

Purchase

 Napoleon’s Haitian Problem

 Toussaint L’ouverture

 Slave revolt during

French Revolution

 _{Bogs down French Troops}  Yellow Fever problem as

well

 Gives up “American Empire” dream

 Napoleon in need of funds

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Louisiana

Purchase



Napoleon offers U.S. all of Louisiana



$15 million



Financed through loans from the British

and the Dutch



(Eventually paid over $8 million in

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Lewis & Clark ~ 1804 -

1806

 Meriwether Lewis & William Clark  33 man expedition & one dog

 Mission:

 _{Find “Northwest passage”}

 _{Explore, map out, bring back samples of new territory}

 Up Mississippi, across Missouri River, over Rockies & down

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Lewis & Clark

 Sacagawea (Bird

Women or Boat

Launcher) helped as an Interpreter, with her

husband and child,

Jean Baptiste

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Lewis & Clark

 returned with maps and

observation, which

included animals, natural resources and Native

tribes

 covered 8,000 miles and

28 months

 Jefferson was

disappointed in the

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Zebulon Pike

 “A poor man’s Lewis and Clark”  First expedition was to find the

source of the Mississippi River (1805 – 1806)

 Second expedition was to the

Rockies, led to the discovery of what is today called Pikes Peak.

 Second trip ended with Pike being

captured, resulted in an

international incident with Spain, yet provided valuable intelligence.

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A Bumpy 2

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Federalist Succession

Plot

 Louisiana Purchase

(1803)

 Was viewed as a

threat to New England, tip balance of power to the South and West.

 Federalists talked of

secession

 Opposed by Hamilton  Promise Burr the

presidency if he

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Federalist Succession

Plot

 New York Governor Race

(1804)

 Was accused by

Hamilton of plotting to dismember the union.

 _{Was called “dangerous”}

by Hamilton

 Also reported that

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The Duel

 Burr

Hamilton had expressed “a despicable opinion of

him”

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The Duel

 Duel – July 11, 1804 at

Weehauken, N.J.

 Burr killed Hamilton,

shot in abdomen, died 30 hours later.

 fled attempts to

prosecute in NY & NJ, later resumed his duties as V.P. (no charges

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The Burr Conspiracy

1806

 Duel hurt Burr’s reputation

 Burr decides to head out west

Wanted to take land from Louisiana

territory & capture Spanish land in Mexico

Was betrayed by Gen. James Wilkinson

(governor of Louisiana & commander in chief of U.S. army)

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The Burr

Conspiracy



Outcome of Burrs’ Trial



Chief Justice John Marshall



Treason must have



Act of committing war against

U.S.



2 witnesses

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The Napoleonic

Wars



France v. England &

Europe



U.S. remains neutral



Exports grow

300%



Merchant marine

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The Napoleonic

Wars

 Becomes a War of Commerce

British – Orders of Council

 Forbidding neutral ships to trade with ports under Napoleon’s control of the continent

_{French – Imperial Decrees}

 Seize all ships trading w/ other Nation

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The Napoleonic

Wars

 Chesapeake & Leopard Affair 1807

 HMS Leopard attacks USS Chesapeake  Impressments of sailors

 U.S. public outrage

 Calls for War

 _{Britain apologizes}

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The Embargo Act



Jefferson’s reaction to England

“Country not ready for War”

 “Peaceful coercion”

_{Seeks Law:}

 No U.S. ships to ANY foreign Port

Hurt French / English merchants

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The Embargo Act

 Result:

Smuggling

_{U.S. Trade destroyed}

 Drops to 1/3 its value – Large unemployment

_{Public outcry against}

Jefferson

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The Election of

1808

 James Madison v. C.C.

Pinckney

 Republicans threatened

 Embargo backlash

 _{Madison victory}

 Repeals Embargo Act

 Replaced by

Non-Intercourse Act

No Trade w/ England

/ France

Unless respect U.S.

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Essay – Unit 7



In proper essay format,

explain Thomas Jefferson’s

political views. Be sure to