Biodiversity Revised.pptx

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Biodiversity

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Biodiversity

refers to the

variety of species in a

specific area.

The simplest and most common

measure of biodiversity is the

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Where is biodiversity found?

Areas around the world differ

in biodiversity.

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Where is biodiversity found?

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Where is biodiversity found?

The richest environments for

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Studying biodiversity

How do ecologists perform experiments

related to biodiversity?

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Studying biodiversity

Other researchers catalogue the

organisms that live in coral reefs and

others attach radio collars to sea

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Studying biodiversity

Still others work in laboratories

comparing the DNA of members of

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Importance to nature

Living things are interdependent.

Living things can be niches for other

living things.

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Importance to nature

Scientists do know that if a species is

lost from an ecosystem, the loss may

have consequences for other living

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Biodiversity brings stability

Biodiversity can bring stability to an ecosystem.

_{A pest could easily destroy all the corn in}

a farmer’s field, but it would be far more difficult for a single type of insect or

disease to destroy all individuals of a plant species in a rain forest.

_{Ecosystems are stable if their}

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Importance to people



_{Humans depend on other organisms}

for their needs.



_{Yet only a few species of plants and}

animals supply the major portion of

the food eaten by the human

population.



_{Biodiversity could help breeders}

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Importance to people

Another important reason for

maintaining biodiversity is that it can be used to improve people’s health.

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Loss of Biodiversity

_Extinction_{is the disappearance of a}

species when the last of its members dies.

_{Extinction is a natural process and Earth}

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Loss of Biodiversity

_{There is also a certain level of natural}

extinction, called background extinction, that goes on.

_{Scientists estimate that background}

extinction accounts for the loss of one to ten species per year.

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Loss of Biodiversity

_{A species is considered to be an}

endangered species when its numbers become so low that extinction is

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Loss of Biodiversity

_{When the population of a species is likely}

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Threats to Biodiversity



_{Complex interactions among}

species make each ecosystem

unique



_{Changes to habitats can therefore}

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Habitat loss



_{One of the biggest reasons for}

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Habitat fragmentation



_{Habitat fragmentation}

_{is the}

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Habitat fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation has been found to contribute to:

_{increased extinction of local species.} changes in overall biodiversity.

_{disruption of ecological processes.} _{new opportunities for invasions by}

unwanted or exotic species.

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Edge and size



_{The edge of a habitat or ecosystem}

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Edge and size



_{The different conditions along the}

boundaries of an ecosystem are

called

edge effects

.



_{Different organisms might live}

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Edging Out



_{When an edge changes, animals}

might migrate because there isn’t

enough space from which to gather

food.



_{As a result, biodiversity of that area}

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Habitat Degradation

Another threat to biodiversity is habitat degradation, the damage to a habitat by pollution.

_{Three types of pollution are air, water,}

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Degrading Planet

_{Pollutants enter the atmosphere in many}

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Pollutants

Burning fossil fuels is also a major source of air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide.

_{Acid precipitation}_{—rain, snow, sleet, and}

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Ozone and More

Ultraviolet waves emitted by the Sun also can cause damage to living

organisms.

_{Ozone, a compound consisting of three}

oxygen atoms, is found mainly in a

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Ozone Layers



_{The ozone in this region—known as}

the

ozone layer

—absorbs some of

the ultraviolet waves striking the

atmosphere, reducing the

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Water pollution



_{Water pollution degrades aquatic}

habitats in streams, rivers, lakes,

and oceans



_{A variety of pollutants can affect}

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Water Pollution

_{Excess fertilizers and animal wastes are}

often carried by rain into streams and lakes.

_{The sudden availability of nutrients}

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Pollutation

Detergents, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals in runoff can cause death in

aquatic organisms.

_{Abandoned drift nets in oceans have}

been known to entangle and kill

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Land pollution



_{Trash, or solid waste, is made up of}

the cans, bottles, paper, plastic,

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RECYCLING



_{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b7G}

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Land pollution

The average American produces about 1.8 kg of solid waste daily.

_{That’s a total of about 657 kg of waste}

per person per year.

_{Although some of it might decompose}

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Pesticides



_{The use of pesticides and other}

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Exotic species

_{People sometimes introduce a new}

species into an ecosystem, either intentionally or unintentionally.

_{These species can cause problems for the}

native species.

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Exotic Species

When exotic species are introduced,

these species can grow at an exponential rate due to the fact that they are not

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Interdependent and Stability of

the Ecosystem.



_{Because living things are}

interdependent, removing a single

species from a community can

remove a food source or otherwise

break symbiotic relationships

causing remaining organisms to

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Conservation biology is the study and implementation of methods to protect biodiversity.

_{Effective conservation strategies are}

based on principles of ecology.

Natural resources are those parts of the environment that are useful or necessary