WintersMartinez_2015_AidFlowComposition_OnlineAppendix.pdf

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Online Appendix for

“The Role of Governance in Determining Foreign Aid Flow Composition” Matthew S. Winters and Gina Martinez

World Development (2015)

Classifying Purpose Codes into Types of Aid

As described in the text, we use the AidData purpose codes in order to classify the projects in our sample into three modality categories of (1) programmatic assistance; (2) project assistance; and (3) technical assistance. And then we further classify project assistance into (1) infrastructure projects; (2) social sector projects; (3) productive projects; and (4) industry-oriented projects.

When donors provide project information to the OECD-DAC (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development – Development Assistance Committee) through the Creditor Reporting System (CRS), they label each project with one of 196 purpose codes that are grouped into 26 main sector codes plus several residual categories (see OECD-DAC, 2007). AidData, building upon the CRS coding scheme, labels projects using 253 purpose codes. In the AidData Research Release 2.1, projects with CRS codes retain their CRS codes, while non-CRS-source data (i.e., project-level data that AidData has collected separately from the OECD-DAC) are given AidData purpose codes (see AidData, 2011: 13; authors’ correspondence with AidData staff). We group each of the purpose codes from both the CRS data and AidData into one of the modality categories1 and, if it is project aid, into one of the sector categories. There are a set of purpose codes that we exclude from our analysis because they represent humanitarian aid, debt relief, financing for activities in the donor country, or other types of aid that do not fit into the theoretical scheme of aid types and governance that we offer.

We use other variables historically contained in the CRS data in order to better understand how to classify the purpose codes. We looked at several pieces of information: (1) the description of the codes found in OECD-DAC (2007); (2) the distribution of projects by modality within the purpose code; and (3) the distribution of amounts by modality within the purpose code. We identified the modality of some aid flows in our data by looking at the set of three historical type flags that donors could trigger when reporting to the CRS.2 In addition to reporting the purpose for which aid was given, donors have the ability to indicate whether a given aid flow was an investment project, part of a programme-based approach, or else freestanding technical cooperation.3 Whereas there is complete coverage for the purpose codes – every entry in the CRS data has a purpose code assigned to it – there is significantly less coverage for the modality indicators. For instance, of 118,034 commitments in the 2009 CRS data file, more than half (61,973) indicate none of the three flags. Multilateral organizations, in particular, did not make use of these flags in their reporting. In the 2009 data, of the 17,866 multilateral commitments, only 662, less than four percent, indicate a modality flag. Further skewing the information that these

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The latest CRS data includes an “aid type” variable that classifies aid flows into modalities. For the early years in our data, however, the coding for this variable is very incomplete: almost 60 percent of the 2009 aid flows have no code; for 2007 and before, it is over 85 percent of aid flows that have no code.

2

These type flags have now been replaced by the aid type variable.

3_{These type flags were historically subject to change. For instance, the OECD-DAC made the decision to begin}

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3 flags provide, all of the program-based approach flags in the 2009 data are attached to projects funded by the World Bank.4

We generated a list of the plurality modality amount for each purpose code and the plurality modality project count for each purpose code; in doing so, we ignored CRS entries for which no flags were recorded.

For our initial classification of purpose codes into aid types, we used the following rules:

- If a purpose code has a plurality of programmatic funding of 40 percent or greater, classify it as programmatic.

- If a purpose code has a plurality of technical assistance funding of 40 percent or greater, classify it as technical assistance.

- If a purpose code has a plurality of project funding, then

o Classify it as infrastructure funding if the description of the category implies that projects fund infrastructure construction;

o Classify it as social sector funding if the description of the category implies that projects fund service delivery that is oriented toward human needs rather than economic production;

o Classify it as productive sector funding if the description of the category implies that projects fund service delivery that is oriented toward improving economic production;

o Classify it as industry funding if the description of the category implies that the main beneficiaries are large-scale industry (not home industries or small-and-medium-sized enterprises).

For cases where there was no clear plurality type code, we referred to the purpose code descriptions for our initial categorization. We then checked all of the modality-based classifications against the

descriptions of the purpose codes.

Where questions arose about whether or not we had correctly classified the purpose code, we examined a random sample of projects under that purpose code in order to determine what type of project was most prevalent.

The top half of Table 1 describes how the type codings were reached for the 179 CRS purpose codes. For the vast majority of CRS codes – 169 – we found that the purpose code description matched with the label that we had originally assigned to the purpose code based on the modality-flag data. For 27 purpose codes, we either had difficulty identifying a plurality modality code or else found that the purpose code description was at odds with the plurality modality code. For two of these, the coding that we decided on matched with the coding that would have resulted from using the modality code

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4 alone. For 14 others, we revised the final coding based on the description of the purpose code or of projects falling under that purpose code.5 And for 11 CRS codes with the format XXX10 (“Policy and Administrative Management”), we opted to use the TA coding upon further review of the projects despite the large amount of supposed project funding in these categories. In Table 2 below, we highlight in bold the cases in which we override a coding based on our review of project descriptions.

For AidData purpose codes, we generally make use of the categorization of the CRS codes described above, since the current research release of AidData has not updated the purpose codes for CRS entries, which continue to define the vast majority of AidData project entries. For new purpose codes

originating within the AidData project, we lack the type flags used to assist the classification of CRS purpose codes. For these 51 codes, we use only the AidData description of the purpose to classify the code.6 There are 13 CRS codes where our empirically-based classification of the codes places them in a different category from what an inspection of the code descriptions would. For these 13 codes, we allow different classifications to exist in CRS data and in non-CRS records in AidData because we believe that the AidData coders have more faithfully adhered to the purpose coding scheme than the aid agency bureaucrats charged with reporting to the CRS. Aid flows falling under these 13 codes will be in one category that we use in the paper if the aid flow comes from a donor that reports to CRS and under a different category if the aid flow is found only in AidData. These coding decisions are summarized in the bottom half of Table 1.

Table 2 describes our type coding for each of the purpose codes. Rows in boldface and with an asterisk (*) indicate that the coding was determined by our examination of the purpose code description and/or specific projects within that purpose code. All others are based on the empirical distribution of modality flags in the CRS data. Table 3 describes our coding of the new AidData purpose codes of non-CRS projects.

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For instance, under purpose code 21061 (“Storage”), we found that 53 percent of CRS entries by amount were for technical assistance; this seemed at odds with the category description, and when we checked the descriptions of projects within this category, we decided to define this purpose code as an infrastructure purpose code. Or for purpose code 16040 (“Low-cost Housing”), despite the modality code indicating a plurality of programmatic assistance, the category description and individual project descriptions also led us to classify it as an infrastructure purpose code.

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Appendix Table 1. Methods of Coding Purpose Codes CRS Data

Total Purpose Codes 196

Number Coded Using Type Codes and Not Altered 169

Number Coded Using Descriptions and Agreeing with Type Code 2 Number Coded Using Descriptions but Discrepant with Type Code 14

Number of XXX10 Codes Classified as TA 11

Refer to Debt Relief and Not Included in Analysis 7

Refer to Humanitarian Relief and Not Included in Analysis 4 Refer to Activities in Donor Country and Not Included in Analysis 3 Refer to Support to NGOs and Not Included in Analysis 3

AidData

Total Purpose Codes 253

Number Placed in Same Category as Corresponding CRS Code 165 Number Placed in Different Category from Corresponding CRS Code 13

Number Newly Classified 51

Codes included in CRS Scheme but Dropped from AidData (“Multisectoral Aid”) 1

Refer to Debt Relief and Not Included in Analysis 7

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Appendix Table 2. Explanation of Categorization Based on CRS Data from 2004-2009.

Code Purpose C_at

e gory Ai d D ata N um be r o f E nt rie s Ai d D ata Tota l Am o un t (M illi on s U SD ) C R S N um be r o f E nt rie s C R S Tota l Am o un t (M illi on s U SD ) P e rc ent Am ou nt P roje ct P e rc ent Am ou nt P rog ram m at ic P e rc ent Am ou nt TA Maj or ity o f En tr ie s P roje ct M or e T ha n 2 0 % of Ent rie s P rog ra mm at ic Maj or ity o f En tr ie s

TA _{Justification for}

Coding

11110* Education policy &

admin. Management

TA 7830 6234 7861 7704 0.25 0.45 0.30 0 0 1 Despite plurality of

programmatic funds, the category description implies TA.

11120 Education facilities and training

Infr 9191 1933 7259 2615 0.48 0.18 0.34 0 0 1 Plurality of project

funds. Used for facilities construction.

11130 Teacher training TA 2810 622 2324 571 0.13 0.17 0.71 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 11182 Educational

research

TA 820 134 724 135 0.12 0.09 0.78 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

11220 Primary education Social 8288 10091 9834 10627 0.42 0.35 0.24 0 0 1 Plurality of project

funds. Used for instruction and learning materials. 11230 Basic life skills for

youth & adults

assistance funds. 11240 Early childhood

education

Social 1200 214 2347 212 0.61 0.02 0.37 0 0 1 Plurality of project

funds. Used for instruction and learning materials. 11320 Secondary

education

Social 3344 2653 2767 2803 0.42 0.16 0.42 0 0 1 Project funds used

for instruction and learning materials.

11330* Vocational

training

Social 7163 2410 6554 2917 0.35 0.15 0.50 0 0 1 Despite plurality of

TA funds, category is similar to secondary education.

11420 Higher education TA 23195 22750 18973 20482 0.07 0.01 0.91 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 11430 Advanced tech. &

managerial training

assistance funds.

12110* Health policy &

admin. management

TA 6312 6776 5998 8641 0.38 0.33 0.29 0 0 1 The category

description implies TA.

12181 Medical

education/training

assistance funds.

12182 Medical research TA 1743 1185 1324 935 0.02 0.01 0.96 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

12191 Medical services Social 3472 1003 2969 1245 0.73 0.10 0.17 0 0 1 Majority project

funds used for health delivery services.

12220* Basic health care Social 8712 6644 10218 6342 0.25 0.42 0.32 0 0 1 Despite plurality of

programmatic funds, the category description implies service delivery projects.

12230 Basic health infrastructure

Infr 3133 1372 2725 1834 0.70 0.14 0.17 0 0 0 Majority project

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12240* Basic nutrition Social 1643 726 3452 938 0.31 0.26 0.44 0 0 1 Despite plurality of

TA funds, the category description implies service delivery projects.

12250* Infectious disease

control

Social 5382 7029 4846 3305 0.33 0.09 0.58 0 0 1 Despite plurality of

TA funds, the category description implies service delivery projects.

12261 Health education TA 1463 211 1362 192 0.07 0.31 0.61 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

12262 Malaria control Social 1123 103 1524 550 0.86 0.02 0.13 0 0 1 Majority project

funds used for health services. 12263 Tuberculosis

control

Social 894 169 1053 415 0.62 0.05 0.33 0 0 1 Majority project

funds used for health services. 12281 Health personnel

development

assistance funds. 13010 Population policy

and admin. mgmt

assistance funds. 13020 Reproductive

health care

funds used for health services.

13030 Family planning TA 1294 486 1420 448 0.07 0.05 0.88 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 13040 Std control

including hiv/aids

assistance funds. 13081 Personnel dvpt:

pop. & repro health

assistance funds.

14010* Water resources

policy/admin. mgmt

project funds, the category description implies TA.

14015 Water resources protection

funds. Infrastructure oriented.

14020 Water supply & sanit. - large systems

14030 Basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation

14040 River development Infr 989 2696 804 1442 0.82 0.03 0.15 0 0 1 Majority project

14050 Waste

management/disp osal

14081 Educ./trng:water supply & sanitation

assistance funds. 15110 Public sector policy

and adm. management

TA 22107 19903 30525 24482 0.24 0.30 0.46 0 0 1 Plurality technical

assistance.

15111 Public finance management

Prog 2405 1518 3723 6014 0.18 0.59 0.23 0 0 1 Majority

programmatic funds. 15112 Decentralisation

and support to subnational govt.

Prog 991 525 1127 1954 0.69 0.23 0.08 0 0 0 Majority

programmatic funds, confirmed by investigation of projects. 15113 Anti-corruption

organisations and

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15130 Legal and judicial development

assistance funds; confirmed by investigation of projects.

15150 Democratic

participation and civil society

assistance funds.

15151 Elections TA 1777 598 2978 1503 0.33 0.12 0.56 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 15152 Legislatures and

political parties

assistance funds. 15153 Media and free

flow of information

assistance funds.

15160 Human rights TA 7194 1152 11976 2360 0.41 0.11 0.49 0 0 1 Plurality technical

assistance funds. 15170 Women's equality

organisations and institutions

assistance funds.

15210 Security system management and reform

assistance funds.

15220 Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution

assistance funds.

15230 Post-conflict peace building (UN)

assistance funds. 15240 Reintegration and

salw control

assistance funds. 15250 Land mine

clearance

assistance funds. 15261 Child soldiers

(prevention and demobilisation)

assistance funds.

16010 Social/welfare services

funds used for delivery of social services. 16020 Employment policy

and admin. mgmt.

assistance. 16030 Housing policy and

admin. management

funds used for social services.

16040* Low-cost housing Infr 1003 279 897 381 0.31 0.50 0.19 1 0 0 Despite majority

programmatic funds, purpose code description suggests infrastructure construction.

16050 Multisector aid for basic soc. serv.

funds for social services. 16061 Culture and

recreation

assistance funds. 16062 Statistical capacity

building

assistance funds.

16063 Narcotics control TA 1060 6383 1042 6407 0.01 0.01 0.99 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 16064 Social mitigation of

hiv/aids

assistance funds.

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21020 Road transport Infr 2884 33137 2007 22463 0.79 0.19 0.03 0 0 0 Majority project

21030 Rail transport Infr 555 6749 382 9645 0.97 0.02 0.01 1 0 0 Majority project

21040 Water transport Infr 948 1951 808 2433 0.90 0.04 0.05 0 0 1 Majority project

21050 Air transport Infr 907 1543 704 2297 0.85 0.11 0.05 0 0 1 Majority project

21061* Storage Infr 47 24 40 3 0.43 0.04 0.53 1 0 0 Despite significant

technical assistance, substantial project funding is confirmed by project

descriptions.

21081 Educ./trng in transport & storage

assistance funds.

22010 Communications

policy & admin. mgmt

assistance funds.

22020 Telecommunicatio ns

22030 Radio/television/p rint media

Produ ctive

1555 163 1318 407 0.80 0.00 0.20 0 0 1 Majority project

funds for a specific economic activity. 22040 Information and

communication technology

Produ ctive

funds for a specific economic activity.

23010* Energy policy and

23020 Power

generat./non-renewable sources

23030 Power

generation/renew able sources

23040 Electrical transmission/distri bution

23050 Gas distribution Infr 71 992 37 151 0.67 0.33 0.01 1 0 0 Majority project

23061 Oil-fired power plants

23062 Gas-fired power plants

23063 Coal-fired power plants

23064 Nuclear power plants

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10 23065 Hydro-electric

power plants

23066 Geothermal

energy

23067 Solar energy Infr 396 73 296 526 0.93 0.00 0.07 0 0 1 Majority project

23068 Wind power Infr 132 208 98 842 0.98 0.00 0.02 0 0 1 Majority project

23069 Ocean power Prog 4 1 3 0 0.00 0.78 0.22 0 1 1 Majority

programmatic funds.

23070 Biomass Infr 220 63 187 105 0.53 0.02 0.45 0 0 1 Majority project

23081 Energy

education/training

assistance funds.

23082 Energy research TA 165 43 128 47 0.19 0.09 0.72 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

24010* Financial policy &

24020* Monetary

institutions

TA 238 152 201 82 0.43 0.26 0.31 0 0 1 Majority project

funds, but money goes to support central banks; therefore technical assistance.

24030 Formal sector financ. intermediaries

Indust ry

1463 12835 712 3430 0.93 0.01 0.06 1 0 0 Project funding for

formal sector financial industry. 24040

Informal/semi-formal fin. intermed.

Produ ctive

funds for a specific economic activity. 24081 Education/trng in

banking & fin. services

assistance funds.

25010 Business support services & institutions

assistance.

25020 Privatisation Prog 280 526 262 698 0.25 0.41 0.34 0 1 1 Plurality

programmatic funds.

31110* Agricultural policy

& admin. mgmt

31120* Agricultural

development

Produ ctive

6404 5034 4778 2048 0.36 0.28 0.36 0 0 1 Project descriptions

suggest project funding, not technical assistance.

31130 Agricultural land resources

assistance funds. 31140 Agricultural water

resources

31150 Agricultural inputs Infr 855 237 743 364 0.57 0.21 0.21 0 0 1 Majority project

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11 contracting fraud.

31161 Food crop production

Produ ctive

funds for a specific economic activity. 31162 Industrial

crops/export crops Produ ctive

31163 Livestock Produ

ctive

31164 Agrarian reform Produ

ctive

funds for a specific economic activity. 31165 Agricultural

alternative development

assistance funds.

31166* Agricultural

extension

TA 671 346 731 1269 0.73 0.12 0.15 0 0 1 Majority project

funds. But extension services described in projects are like technical assistance.

31181 Agricultural education/training

assistance funds. 31182 Agricultural

research

assistance funds. 31191 Agricultural

services

Produ ctive

funds for a specific economic activity. 31192 Plant/post-harvest

prot. & pest ctrl

Prog 483 105 442 116 0.14 0.46 0.40 0 0 1 Plurality

programmatic funds. 31193 Agricultural

financial services

Prog 214 174 183 177 0.17 0.67 0.15 0 0 1 Majority

programmatic funds. 31194 Agricultural

co-operatives

assistance funds. 31195 Livestock/veterinar

y services

Produ ctive

31210* Forestry policy &

TA 2085 962 1908 1223 0.27 0.35 0.38 0 0 1 TA is plurality

category; project and programmatic loans emphasize training and research.

31220 Forestry development

funds. Large-scale projects.

31261 Fuelwood/charcoal TA 27 1 18 1 0.33 0.01 0.66 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 31281 Forestry

education/training

assistance funds.

31282 Forestry research TA 366 74 316 57 0.10 0.03 0.87 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

31291* Forestry services TA 57 11 55 11 0.00 0.52 0.48 0 0 1 Both programmatic

and TA, but description implies TA.

31310 Fishing policy and admin.

management

assistance funds.

31320 Fishery development

assistance funds. 31381 Fishery

education/training

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31382 Fishery research TA 353 45 244 42 0.30 0.04 0.66 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

31391 Fishery services Infr 148 191 125 353 0.63 0.36 0.02 1 0 0 Majority project

funds. Infrastructure development.

32110* Industrial policy &

admin. mgmt

32120 Industrial development

Indust ry

951 3057 501 339 0.66 0.09 0.25 0 0 1 Plurality project

funds targeted to specific industry.

32130 SME development Produ

ctive

funds. Money goes to SMEs and not big industry.

32140 Cottage industries & handicraft

assistance funds.

32161 Agro-industries Indust

ry

funds. Agrobusiness.

32162 Forest industries TA 286 14 300 18 0.13 0.01 0.86 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 32163 Textiles - leather &

substitutes

assistance funds.

32164 Chemicals Indust

ry

funds targeted to specific industry. 32165 Fertilizer plants Indust

ry

funds targeted to specific industry. 32166 Cement/lime/plast

er

Indust ry

32167 Energy

manufacturing

Indust ry

32168* Pharmaceutical

production

Indus try

97 15 74 23 0.47 0.02 0.51 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance that goes to support industry rather than government.

32169 Basic metal industries

Indust ry

funds targeted to specific industry. 32170 Non-ferrous metal

industries

Indust ry

32171 Engineering TA 914 222 820 195 0.10 0.00 0.90 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 32172 Transport

equipment industry

Indust ry

funds targeted to specific industry. 32182 Technological

research & development

assistance funds.

32210* Mineral/mining

policy & admin. mgmt

TA 784 560 696 478 0.45 0.25 0.30 0 0 1 Plurality of project

funds, but project descriptions suggested technical assistance.

32220 Mineral prospection and

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13 exploration

32261 Coal Indust

ry

32262 Oil and gas Indust

ry

32263 Ferrous metals TA 9 0 8 0 0.00 0.00 1.00 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 32264 Non-ferrous

metals

Indust ry

funds targeted to specific industry. 32265 Precious

metals/materials

Indust ry

32266 Industrial minerals TA 19 2 17 3 0.28 0.00 0.72 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

32267 Fertilizer minerals TA 2 0 1 0 0.00 0.00 1.00 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds.

32268 Off-shore minerals TA 7 9 7 9 0.00 0.12 0.88 0 0 1 Majority technical

assistance funds. 32310 Construction policy

and admin. mgmt

assistance. 33110 Trade policy and

admin. management

assistance.

33120 Trade facilitation TA 1743 1810 1369 806 0.36 0.18 0.46 0 0 1 Plurality technical

assistance.

33130* Regional trade

agreements (RTAs)

TA 371 217 387 809 0.77 0.01 0.22 0 0 1 Despite majority

project funds, goes to support international institutions, implying technical assistance.

33140 Multilateral trade negotiations

assistance funds. 33150 Trade-related

adjustment

Prog 65 37 58 23 0.29 0.66 0.05 1 0 0 Majority

programmatic funds.

33181 Trade

education/training

assistance funds.

33210* Tourism policy

and admin. management

41010* Environmental

policy and admin. mgmt

41020 Biosphere protection

funds. for social services

41030 Bio-diversity TA 5411 2708 4033 1493 0.46 0.06 0.48 0 0 1 Plurality technical

assistance.

41040 Site preservation Infr 1224 194 977 215 0.56 0.07 0.36 0 0 1 Majority project

41050 Flood

prevention/control

41081 Environmental education/training

assistance funds. 41082 Environmental

research

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43010 Multisector aid N/A 23254 16994 30966 12475 0.39 0.17 0.44 0 0 1 Multiple purposes so

not clearly a single category.

43030 Urban

development and management

43040 Rural development Produ

ctive

7355 5657 6101 3661 0.35 0.17 0.48 0 0 1 Despite plurality

technical assistance, coded to be in line with urban development. 43050 Non-agricultural

alternative dvpt

assistance funds. 43081 Multisector

education/training

assistance funds. 43082 Research/scientific

institutions

assistance funds.

51010* General budget

support

Prog 2327 12019

1

1510 4305 0.55 0.34 0.10 0 1 0 Despite majority

project funds, clearly a programmatic category.

52010 Food security programmes/food aid

funding for social services. Recurring food aid; not emergency food aid. Could be classified as "humanitarian" though.

53030* Import support

(capital goods)

Prog 129 191 126 506 0.90 0.10 0.00 0 0 1 Despite majority

project funds, clearly a programmatic category.

53040 Import support (commodities)

Prog 135 296 94 295 0.00 1.00 0.00 0 1 0 Majority

programmatic funds. 60010 Action relating to

debt

Debt 476 1001 293 54 0.91 0.00 0.09 1 0 0 Not Included

60020 Debt forgiveness Debt 1444 182 5212 186 0.02 0.00 0.98 1 0 0 Not Included

60030 Relief of multilateral debt

60040 Rescheduling and refinancing

60061 Debt for

development swap

60062 Other debt swap Debt 2 0 1 0 Not Included

60063 Debt buy-back Debt 6 0 6 0 Not Included

72010 Emergency/distres s relief

Emer gency

21844 20198 23930 2396 0.18 0.02 0.80 0 0 1 Not Included

72040 Emergency food aid

Emer gency

10678 12104 9322 285 0.15 0.03 0.82 0 1 1 Not Included

72050 Relief co-ordination; protection and support services

Emer gency

3974 2605 2684 23 0.17 0.06 0.77 0 0 1 Not Included

73010 Reconstruction relief

Emer gency

3961 8159 3265 1370 0.85 0.08 0.07 0 0 1 Not Included

74010 Disaster prevention and preparedness

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15 91010 Administrative

costs

Donor 18914 10886 10129 81 0.10 0.05 0.86 0 0 1 Not Included

92010 Support to national ngos

NGO 4604 237 4553 599 0.16 0.06 0.78 0 0 1 Not Included

92020 Support to international ngos

NGO 931 419 344 66 0.00 0.03 0.97 0 0 1 Not Included

92030 Support to local and regional ngos

NGO 1643 82 1322 492 0.95 0.00 0.05 1 0 0 Not Included

93010 Refugees in donor countries

Donor 2578 82 2461 95 0.24 0.52 0.24 0 1 1 Not Included

99810* Sectors not

specified

TA 24504 9069 10074 3536 0.04 0.03 0.93 0 0 1 Nearly all technical

assistance.

99820 Promotion of development awareness

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Appendix Table 3. Explanation of Categorization of Additional AidData Purpose Codes.

Code Purpose Category Number of

Entries, 2004-2010 Total Amount (Millions USD), 2004-2010

Justification for Coding

0 No Name N/A 828 57325 Not Included

720 Emergency Response Emergency 1 0 Not Included

11000 Education, combinations of purposes Social 110 1773 Description suggests social

services projects. 11100 Education, level unspecified, combination of

purposes

Social 21 464 Description suggests social

services projects. 11105 Education, level unspecified, purpose unspecified

or does not fit under any other applicable codes

services projects. 12000 Health, combination of general, basic, and

population policy/reproductive health purposes

services projects. 12005 Health, purpose unspecified or does not fit under

any other applicable codes

services projects. 13000 Population policies/programs and reproductive

health, combinations of activities

services projects. 14000 Water Supply and Sanitation, combination of

purposes

Infr 55 938 Description suggests large

infrastructure projects. 14005 Water Supply and Sanitation, purpose unspecified

infrastructure projects.

14082 Water Research TA 14 14 Description suggests TA.

15000 Government and civil society, combination of activities

TA 174 1335 Description suggests TA.

15100 Government and civil society, general, combination of activities

15105 Government and civil society, purpose unspecified or does not fit under any other applicable codes

15120 Public sector financial management TA 1482 3460 Description suggests TA.

15140 Government administration TA 3616 5799 Description suggests TA.

15200 Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security, combinations of activities

15205 Conflict prevention and resolution, peace and security, purpose unspecified or does not fit under any other applicable codes

16081 Other social infrastructure and services, education and training

21000 Transport and Storage, combination of purposes Infr 46 1953 Description suggests large

infrastructure projects. 21005 Transport and Storage, purpose unspecified or

does not fit under any other applicable codes

22000 Communications, combinations of activities Infr 11 152 Description suggests large

infrastructure projects. 22005 Communications, purpose unspecified or does not

fit under any other applicable codes

TA 33 20 Project descriptions suggest

TA.

22081 Communications, education and training TA 18 5 Description suggests TA.

23000 Energy generation and supply, combination of activities

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17 23005 Energy generation and supply, purpose unspecified

infrastructure projects. 24000 Banking and financial services, combinations of

activities

TA 43 380 Project descriptions are

mixed, but mostly TA. 24005 Banking and financial services, purpose unspecified

Industry 38 363 Project descriptions imply

funding to specific banks; industry.

25081 Business education and training TA 26 5 Description suggests TA.

31000 Agriculture, combination of purposes in Agriculture, Argo-industry, Agribusiness

Productive 164 1474 Description suggests projects

for a specific economic activity.

31105 Agriculture, purpose unspecified or does not fit under any other applicable codes

TA. 31205 Forestry, purpose unspecified or does not fit under

31300 Fishing, combination of activities Infr 5 32 Description suggests large

infrastructure projects. 31305 Fishing, purpose unspecified or does not fit under

31330 Fishing Development TA 7 0 Description suggests TA.

32000 Industry, combination of purposes Industry, Mining, and Construction

Industry 3 36 Description suggests projects

for specific industry. 32105 Industry, purpose unspecified (includes

manufacturing of goods not specified below) or does not fit under any other applicable codes

for specific industry.

32181 Industry education and training TA 13 53 Description suggests TA.

32191 Industry services Industry 8 37 Description suggests projects

for specific industry. 32200 Mineral resources and mining, combination of

purposes

for specific industry. 32205 Mineral resources and mining, purpose unspecified

for specific industry. 41000 General environmental protection, combinations of

purposes

services projects. 41005 General environmental protection, activity

unspecified (includes miscellaneous conservation and protection measures not mentioned below) or does not fit under any other applicable codes

TA.

42010 Women in development TA 1062 344 Description suggests TA.

53050 Export Support Prog 39 631 Description suggests

programmatic funding. 70000 Emergency Assistance and Reconstruction,

combinations of purposes

Emergency 525 1328 Not Included

72000 Emergency Response, combination of purposes Emergency 1001 1128 Not Included

72020 Emergency Health Services/Support Emergency 1599 1082 Not Included

72030 Water and Sanitation Services/Support Emergency 229 125 Not Included

92000 Support to non-governmental organizations and government organizations, combination of purposes

N/A 10 12 Not Included

92005 Support to non-governmental organizations and government organizations, purpose unspecified or does not fit under any other applicable codes

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Donors and Recipients Included in the Sample

In the two tables below, we list, respectively the donors and recipients included in each of the analysis tables within the main text paper as well as the number of observations that each donor and recipient contributes to each table. Since Table 5 in the main text involves a more restricted set of dyads, we list Table 6 in the third column and Table 5 in the fourth column.

In general, we have included for each analysis, all possible donor-recipient dyads for which data was available.

Among the bilateral donors, there are five donors that give only a limited range of types of aid and so are not included in Tables 4 or 6: Cyprus, Iceland, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, and South Africa. In addition, four other donors give all types of aid but do not do so within any single given dyad, meaning that they drop out of Table 5: Estonia, Kuwait, Romania, and the United Arab Emirates. For all nine of these cases, these are smaller and newer donors. Estonia, Iceland, Romania, South Africa, and the UAE all provide aid to fewer than 20 recipients.

The effect of studying comprehensive dyads has various effects on the representation of donors in Table 5 as compared to Table 6. For France, Germany, and the United States, at least two-thirds of the

recipients included in Table 6 are also included in Table 5 (i.e., the aid flows from these donors are comprehensive for a majority of the recipient countries to which they send aid). For Canada, Japan, and the United Kingdom, about half of the dyads of which they are part in Table 6 are not included in Table 5, indicating that these donors treat only about half of recipient countries in a comprehensive fashion. The remaining DAC donors tend to treat between 20 and 40 percent of recipient countries in a

comprehensive way. For Austria, Finland, and Greece, the number of comprehensive dyads is quite small compared to the number of dyads that they contribute to Table 6; for these donors, only about 10 percent of the dyads that they contribute to Table 6 can also be found in Table 5.

Among multilateral donors, there is much more specialization. This results in 21 multilateral donors for which we have some data dropping out of our comprehensive donor analysis in Table 6, and an

additional four dropping out of our comprehensive dyad analysis in Table 5.

There are two large multilateral donors that appear in Table 3 but not in any of the subsequent results, the IMF and the WTO. As these institutions focus on using aid to catalyze economic reform, however, they provide aid in limited ways.

With the exception of Latvia, every recipient country is included in every analysis as a member of at least one dyad. Latvia is not a member of any of the comprehensive dyads that make up the Table 5 analysis. In our comprehensive donors analysis in Table 6, all recipient countries are include in at least 12 observations, meaning that our results are based on a diverse set of well-represented recipient countries.

In moving between the study of dyads involving comprehensive donors (Table 6) to the study of

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Appendix Table 4. Donors in the Sample and Number of Observations Contributed to Each Analysis.

Observations Contributed

to Table 3

to Table 4

Observations Contributed to

Table 6

Table 5 Bilateral Donors

Australia 74 74 68 25

Austria 109 109 106 11

Belgium 110 110 107 24

Brazil 60 60 50 5

Canada 114 114 114 63

Chile 19 19 17 8

Colombia 16 16 12 1

Cyprus 41 0 0 0

Czech Rep. 36 36 23 2

Denmark 86 86 83 18

Estonia 15 15 14 0

Finland 112 112 106 12

France 120 120 120 85

Germany 120 120 120 80

Greece 110 110 109 8

Hungary 23 23 19 2

Iceland 8 0 0 0

India 60 60 24 6

Ireland 94 94 91 47

Italy 108 108 103 35

Japan 120 120 120 65

Kuwait 54 54 7 0

Latvia 5 5 5 1

Lithuania 9 9 7 1

Luxembourg 91 91 81 9

Netherlands 101 101 100 37

New Zealand 66 66 61 11

Norway 114 114 112 36

Portugal 73 73 71 7

Romania 3 3 3 0

S. Korea 111 111 110 37

Saudi Arabia 45 0 0 0

Slovenia 22 0 0 0

South Africa 13 0 0 0

Spain 110 110 109 47

Sweden 107 107 106 38

Switzerland 102 102 100 37

Thailand 24 24 18 1

U.K. 112 112 110 51

U.S. 119 119 119 91

UAE 17 17 2 0

Multilateral Donors

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(ACBF)

African Development Bank (AFDB) 40 40 35 3

African Development Fund (AFDF) 38 38 37 14

Arab Fund (AFESD) 11 11 11 0

Asian Development Bank (ASDB) 30 30 30 11

Asian Development Fund (ASDF) 19 19 19 1

Arab Bank for Africa (BADEA) 36 0 0 0

Development Bank of Latin America

(CAF) 14 14 13 0

Congo Basin Forest Fund (CBGG) 2 0 0 0

Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) 8 8 8 4

European Bank for Reconstruction

and Development (EBRD) 20 20 19 3

European Commission (EC) 118 118 114 72

Fast Track Initiative Catalytic Fund

(FTI) 6 0 0 0

Global Alliance for Vaccines and

Immunization (GAVI) 65 0 0 0

Global Environment Facility (GEF) 116 0 0 0

Global Fund to Fight AIDS,

Tuberculosis, and Malaria 105 0 0 0

Inter-American Development Bank

(IADB) 20 20 19 5

World Bank – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

(IBRD) 48 48 45 14

World Bank – International

Development Association (IDA) 75 75 73 46

International Fund for Agricutural

Development (IFAD) 86 86 80 1

International Monetary Fund (IMF) 65 0 0 0

Islamic Development Bank (ISDB) 59 59 55 0 Multilateral Fund for the

Implementation of the Montreal

Protocol (MFIMP) 3 0 0 0

North American Development Bank

(NADB) 1 0 0 0

Nordic Development Fund (NDF) 15 0 0 0

Nigerian Trust Fund (NTF) 3 0 0 0

OPEC Fund for International

Development (OFID) 80 0 0 0

Organization for Cooperation and

Security in Europe (OSCE) 14 0 0 0

UNAIDS 113 0 0 0

U.N. Democracy Fund (UNDEF) 80 0 0 0

UNDP 114 114 107 97

U.N. Economic and Social Commission

for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) 1 0 0 0

U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA) 105 0 0 0

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U.N. Peacebuilding Fund (UNPB) 15 0 0 0

U.N. Relief and Works Agency

(UNRWA) 3 0 0 0

World Bank Carbon Finance Unit 40 0 0 0

World-Bank-Managed Trust Funds 81 81 72 1

World Trade Organization (WTO) 85 0 0 0

Total 4728 3646 3374 1273

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Appendix Table 5. Recipients in the Sample and Number of Observations Contributed to Each Analysis.

Number of observations reflects contribution of recipient to both bilateral and multilateral donor analyses.

to Table 3

to Table 4

Table 6

Table 5

Afghanistan 51 42 39 23

Albania 47 33 31 14

Algeria 32 27 25 8

Angola 42 33 29 13

Argentina 31 25 25 10

Armenia 45 35 33 9

Azerbaijan 45 34 34 8

Bangladesh 46 34 32 14

Belarus 40 31 29 6

Belize 30 25 22 5

Benin 45 33 28 16

Bhutan 33 25 23 10

Bolivia 42 34 32 16

Bosnia and Herzegovina 45 33 32 17

Botswana 37 30 27 4

Brazil 37 31 30 14

Bulgaria 25 19 17 1

Burkina Faso 50 36 29 17

Burundi 44 31 30 17

Cambodia 45 36 32 16

Cameroon 46 35 32 9

Cape Verde 36 28 23 10

Central African Republic 36 27 25 7

Chad 41 31 27 7

China 46 36 34 17

Colombia 43 33 32 14

Comoros 32 23 18 4

Congo 39 29 26 8

Congo, Democratic Republic 49 36 31 16

Costa Rica 39 29 29 10

Cote d'Ivoire 44 32 29 7

Djibouti 37 30 24 4

Dominica 25 21 19 3

Dominican Republic 38 31 29 11

Ecuador 42 35 31 15

Egypt 47 36 36 11

El Salvador 39 32 30 10

Eritrea 36 29 27 5

Ethiopia 50 38 32 22

Fiji 23 18 17 6

Gambia 45 31 28 9

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Ghana 49 36 34 16

Grenada 25 19 15 2

Guatemala 40 32 32 12

Guinea 42 30 25 6

Guinea-Bissau 41 31 27 7

Guyana 36 28 25 5

Haiti 42 34 32 13

Honduras 45 34 30 14

India 45 33 33 17

Indonesia 48 38 36 19

Iran 32 25 25 1

Jamaica 17 16 16 7

Jordan 41 31 30 11

Kazakhstan 39 31 30 9

Kenya 55 39 35 19

Kyrgyzstan 34 29 28 11

Laos 41 33 32 13

Latvia* 13 13 12 0

Lebanon 42 34 31 9

Lesotho 41 29 23 7

Liberia 43 32 31 10

Macedonia 34 26 26 11

Madagascar 46 32 27 12

Malawi 47 34 31 14

Malaysia 22 20 20 4

Maldives 39 31 29 7

Mali 48 35 30 18

Mauritania 44 33 28 8

Mauritius 35 27 24 6

Mexico 39 31 31 10

Moldova 45 34 33 10

Mongolia 43 35 32 9

Montenegro 33 26 24 7

Morocco 43 35 32 13

Mozambique 50 38 37 24

Nepal 44 33 32 14

Nicaragua 43 32 30 20

Niger 45 32 29 12

Nigeria 46 35 33 12

Pakistan 47 35 33 15

Panama 34 28 25 9

Papua New Guinea 38 30 29 6

Paraguay 39 31 31 13

Peru 44 35 35 16

Philippines 44 35 34 15

Romania 25 20 19 3

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Rwanda 49 35 32 18

Samoa 24 20 19 3

Sao Tome and Principe 34 25 22 8

Senegal 50 37 34 15

Serbia 42 32 32 18

Sierra Leone 52 36 33 10

Solomon Islands 24 19 17 5

South Africa 39 32 31 15

Sri Lanka 47 35 34 12

St Lucia 23 20 18 5

St Vincent and the Grenadines 24 21 17 2

Sudan 49 37 32 15

Swaziland 35 28 24 3

Syria 38 30 27 5

Tajikistan 46 34 32 12

Tanzania 48 36 32 20

Thailand 37 31 29 9

Togo 40 29 27 9

Tonga 18 16 13 3

Tunisia 39 31 30 10

Turkey 35 26 26 9

Turkmenistan 30 23 21 6

Uganda 52 35 33 16

Ukraine 45 33 32 11

Uruguay 37 30 30 8

Uzbekistan 42 33 31 7

Vanuatu 16 13 12 4

Venezuela 33 29 26 4

Vietnam 48 38 35 28

Yemen 46 33 32 9

Zambia 46 35 32 15

Total 4728 3646 3374 1273

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Summary Statistics for Main Variables

In the table below, we present summary statistics for the variables used in the main analyses and in the analyses found in the online appendix. For the outcome variables, we provide the summary statistics for variables used in each of the four main tables in the text. For the explanatory variables, we provide the summary statistics for the variables as found in Table 3 (the table with the greatest number of

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Appendix Table 6. Summary Statistics of All Outcome Variables and Explanatory Variables

Quantiles

Outcome Variables Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min 0.25 Median 0.75 Max

Table 3

Bilateral Aid Total 2853 1.40E+08 6.00E+08 274.05 6.00E+05 7.10E+06 6.50E+07 1.60E+10

Log(Bilateral Aid Total) 2853 15.55 3.12 5.61 13.3 15.77 17.99 23.5

Multilateral Aid Total 1875 3.10E+08 1.50E+09 1628.33 3.60E+06 1.70E+07 8.10E+07 4.10E+10

Log(Multilateral Aid Total) 1875 16.58 2.69 7.4 15.1 16.67 18.21 24.45

Table 4

Count of Modalities 6538 1.89 0.76 1 1 2 2 3

Count of Sectors 5024 2.2 1.09 1 1 2 3 4

Table 5

Log Ratio of TA/Project 1588 0.53 1.65 -5.66 -0.49 0.34 1.39 14

Log Ratio of Programmatic/Project 1588 -2.7 2.73 -15.79 -4.26 -2.42 -0.94 11.63

Log Ratio of TA/Programmatic 1588 -3.23 2.59 -17.74 -4.84 -2.98 -1.46 5.9

Log Ratio of Social/Infrastructure 776 -0.29 2.18 -8.3 -1.59 -0.29 1.06 9.26

Log Ratio of

Productive/Infrastructure 776 -1.32 2.3 -8.02 -2.77 -1.24 0.14 7.23

Log Ratio of Industry/Infrastructure 776 -3.2 2.89 -19.33 -5.05 -2.95 -1.17 3.56

Table 6

Log Ratio of TA/Project 4223 -0.65 3.5 -8.5 -1.27 0.06 1.29 14

Log Ratio of Programmatic/Project 4579 -11.21 6.46 -15.79 -15.79 -15.79 -3.93 11.63

Log Ratio of TA/Programmatic 4603 -12.6 7.13 -17.74 -17.74 -17.74 -4.39 5.9

Log Ratio of Social/Infrastructure 3129 -2.48 4.99 -10.82 -4.88 -0.77 0.93 11.41

Log Ratio of

Productive/Infrastructure 3129 -4.5 5.4 -11.51 -11.51 -2.48 -0.21 9.46

Log Ratio of Industry/Infrastructure 3129 -14.47 7.69 -19.33 -19.33 -19.33 -5.9 6.03

Bilateral Donors

Quantiles

Explanatory Variables Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min 0.25 Median 0.75 Max

WGI Average 2853 -0.52 0.53 -1.79 -0.91 -0.52 -0.24 1.04

GDP Per Capita 2853 4453.9 3586.69 284.2 1349.45 3402.64 7075.98 12744.91

Log(GDP Per Capita) 2853 8.01 0.95 5.65 7.21 8.13 8.86 9.45

Log(GDP Per Capita)2 2853 65.06 15.03 31.92 51.95 66.13 78.58 89.36

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Log(Infant Mortality Rate) 2853 3.77 0.9 1.81 3.01 3.7 4.56 5.36

Poverty Rate 1898 23.06 24.25 0 1.84 15.23 38.96 87.72

Log(Poverty Rate) 1896 2.05 1.97 -3.22 0.61 2.72 3.66 4.47

Male School Enrollment 2624 106.76 16.11 45.12 99.02 106.97 115.64 157.28

Log(Male School Enrollment) 2624 4.66 0.17 3.81 4.6 4.67 4.75 5.06

Population 2853 5.10E+07 1.80E+08 67757 3.80E+06 1.00E+07 3.10E+07 1.30E+09

Log(Population) 2853 16.12 1.8 11.12 15.14 16.14 17.25 21.01

Debt Stock 2853 52.34 64.73 2.92 27.89 39.68 59.73 1127.05

Investment/GDP 2853 56.27 18.26 19.34 44.31 53.77 62.76 301.05

Trade 2853 1.40E+09 1.10E+10 0 7.50E+06 5.10E+07 3.40E+08 3.70E+11

Log(Trade) 2853 17.4 4.07 -13.82 15.83 17.74 19.64 26.64

Exports 2850 5.80E+08 4.20E+09 0 4.50E+06 2.80E+07 1.70E+08 1.40E+11

Log(Exports) 2850 16.7 4.42 -13.82 15.33 17.15 18.98 25.63

Colonial Status 2853 3.74 2.64 0 1 5 6 10

Former Colony 2853 0.03 0.17 0 0 0 0 1

Alliance 2853 0.05 0.21 0 0 0 0 1

ICRG Quality of Governance 2053 0.42 0.1 0.11 0.36 0.43 0.48 0.61

Bertelsman Transformation Index 2317 5.61 1.76 2.13 4.07 6.04 6.8 9.9

Freedom House “rule of law” 2778 6.59 3.34 0 4.17 6.33 8.33 15

Debt Stock as % of Exports 2647 160.78 172.52 4.58 82.44 126.75 180.84 1853.84

Democracy 2651 0.5 0.48 0 0 0.5 1 1

Economic Freedom 2734 56.02 6.66 36.7 52.06 55.98 60.2 76.2

Armed Conflict 1900 0.39 0.86 0 0 0 0 3

Voice and Accountability 2853 -0.45 0.72 -2.08 -1.07 -0.35 0.05 1.24

WGI, No VA 2853 -0.53 0.53 -1.87 -0.9 -0.46 -0.26 1.01

Political Stability 2853 -0.54 0.82 -2.7 -1.15 -0.49 0.05 1.41

WGI, No PS 2853 -0.51 0.53 -1.73 -0.89 -0.5 -0.2 1.04

Government Effectiveness 2853 -0.51 0.55 -1.79 -0.86 -0.56 -0.14 1.19

WGI, No GE 2853 -0.52 0.55 -1.85 -0.88 -0.55 -0.23 1.07

Regulatory Quality 2853 -0.46 0.58 -2.12 -0.86 -0.44 -0.13 1.16

WGI, No RQ 2853 -0.53 0.54 -1.81 -0.91 -0.57 -0.24 1.02

Rule of Law 2853 -0.59 0.57 -1.95 -0.99 -0.62 -0.27 1.01

WGI, No RL 2853 -0.5 0.54 -1.77 -0.9 -0.5 -0.23 1.09

Control of Corruption 2853 -0.55 0.53 -1.64 -0.94 -0.62 -0.28 1.25

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Multilateral Donors

Quantiles

Explanatory Variables Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min 0.25 Median 0.75 Max

WGI Average 1875 -0.54 0.52 -1.79 -0.93 -0.53 -0.26 0.94

GDP Per Capita 1875 4052.36 3453.39 276.99 1275.09 2627.66 6305.51 12744.91

Log(GDP Per Capita) 1875 7.9 0.95 5.62 7.15 7.87 8.75 9.45

Log(GDP Per Capita)2 1875 63.34 14.9 31.63 51.13 62 76.55 89.36

Infant Mortality Rate 1875 68.64 51.73 6.1 21.46 58.05 106.6 212.63

Log(Infant Mortality Rate) 1875 3.88 0.89 1.81 3.07 4.06 4.67 5.36

Poverty Rate 1069 22.76 23.37 0 2.52 15.19 38.68 87.72

Log(Poverty Rate) 1062 2.13 1.9 -3.22 0.97 2.72 3.66 4.47

Male School Enrollment 1709 106.49 17.08 47.41 98.54 107.26 116.23 157.28

Log(Male School Enrollment) 1709 4.65 0.18 3.86 4.59 4.68 4.76 5.06

Population 1875 4.80E+07 1.70E+08 67839.5 3.80E+06 9.80E+06 2.80E+07 1.30E+09

Log(Population) 1875 16.09 1.76 11.12 15.14 16.09 17.16 21

Debt Stock 1875 53.18 59.2 2.92 27.68 40.61 62.62 927.39

Investment/GDP 1875 56.24 18.35 19.34 44.24 53.78 62.84 197.39

Colonial Status 1875 3.97 2.6 0 2 5 6 10

Former Colony 1875 0.78 0.41 0 1 1 1 1

ICRG Quality of Governance 1335 0.41 0.1 0.11 0.35 0.43 0.48 0.62

Bertelsman Transformation Index 1327 5.61 1.74 2.22 4.03 6.03 6.85 9.9

Freedom House “rule of law” 1828 6.58 3.32 0 4 6.33 8.33 15

Debt Stock as % of Exports 1738 169.78 189.45 5.51 83.01 128.22 185.08 1871.26

Democracy 1750 0.5 0.49 0 0 0.5 1 1

Economic Freedom 1762 55.75 6.55 35.3 52 55.72 59.7 76.3

Armed Conflict 952 0.35 0.82 0 0 0 0 3

Voice and Accountability 1875 -0.48 0.7 -2.14 -1.07 -0.38 0.03 1.22

WGI, No VA 1875 -0.55 0.52 -1.86 -0.92 -0.5 -0.28 0.88

Political Stability 1875 -0.55 0.82 -2.7 -1.14 -0.49 0.05 1.3

WGI, No PS 1875 -0.54 0.51 -1.72 -0.92 -0.54 -0.25 0.97

Government Effectiveness 1875 -0.55 0.54 -1.78 -0.9 -0.58 -0.17 1.21

WGI, No GE 1875 -0.54 0.53 -1.85 -0.92 -0.56 -0.25 0.99

Regulatory Quality 1875 -0.49 0.56 -2.2 -0.88 -0.45 -0.17 0.99

WGI, No RQ 1875 -0.55 0.53 -1.81 -0.92 -0.57 -0.25 0.98

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WGI, No RL 1875 -0.53 0.52 -1.77 -0.92 -0.51 -0.24 0.95

Control of Corruption 1875 -0.57 0.52 -1.59 -0.95 -0.62 -0.3 1.23

WintersMartinez_2015_AidFlowComposition_OnlineAppendix.pdf

Contents

Classifying Purpose Codes into Types of Aid

Donors and Recipients Included in the Sample

Summary Statistics for Main Variables

Bilateral Donors

Multilateral Donors