EF
FECT OF LIN
SEED BASED INTERCROPPPING SYS
TEMS AND IN
TE
GRATED
NUTRIENT MAN AGE MENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND HAR VEST IN DEX UN DER RAINFED
CON DI TION
Amar Kant Verma and P.N. Yadav
De part ment of Soil Con ser va tion and Wa ter Man age ment, C.S.A. Univ. of Agric. and Tech., Kanpur–208002 (U.P.)
E-mail :[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The field experiment was conducted during 2015-16 and 2016-17 on a sandy loam alluvial soil at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of C S Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The treatments consisted nine cropping systems and three doses of integrated nutrient management. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results showed that plant height was increasing with increasing days after sowing in the relevant crop of linseed, lentil and barley, respectively. The tallest plants were obtained in sole cropping followed by linseed + lentil (3:1). The application of 75% RDN though inorganic + 25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizer (seed coating) + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 significantly improved the growth and yields of linseed + lentil (3:1) amongst different cropping systems during the period of observation.
Key words : Rainfed, in te grated nu tri ent man age ment, plant height, yield, har vest in dex, vermicompost.
South west monsoon rain in India is the major source of water for most of the regions. In the absence of irrigation facilities in several areas, most of the Indian farmers follow rainfed farming. There is growing realization that in the race between food production and population growth our search for ever higher productivity is placing great strain on the natural resource base that support agriculture. Rainfed agriculture is characterized by low levels of productivity and low input usage. Being dependent on rainfall, crop production is subjected to considerable instability from year to year. The bulk of the rural poor live in rainfed regions. The risk prone areas exhibit a wide variation and instability in yields. The gap between yield potential and actual yields are very high compared to the irrigated areas.
Intercropping has long been recognized as a potentially beneficial system of crop production. This not only provides an assurance against failure one or the other crop due to vagaries of weather in rainfed agriculture. Significant advantage in land use efficiency, crop productivity in intercropping compared to sole cropping have been reported by many research workers (1, 2). The high doses of chemical fertilizer create health hazard and reduce microbial population in soil besides being quite expensive (3). In such a situation the integrated crop nutrition through integrated use of chemical fertilizer and organic sources like vermicompost and biofertilizers can play an important role in increasing crop productivity with lesser harm to the environment (4). Considering these aspects, an experiment was conducted to find out the effect of cropping systems and integrated nutrient management on seed yield and harvest index under rainfed condition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of
2015-16 and 2016-17 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of C S Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur in alluvial soil under rainfed condition. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture and slightly calcareous having organic
carbon 0.32%, total nitrogen 0.03%, available P2O5 16.0
kg ha-1, available K2O 155 kg ha-1, pH 7.7, electrical
conductivity 0.37 dS m-1, wilting point 6.2%, field capacity
18.4%, water holding capacity 29.6%, Bulk density 1.46
Mg m-1, Particle density 2.56 Mg m-1 and porosity 42.9%.
The field experiment was conducted in Split plot design with three replications. keeping cropping systems in main plot and INM in subplots. The treatment comprising nine
cropping systems viz. C1 : Linseed sole, C2: Lentil sole, C3
: Barley sole, C4: Linseed + lentil (3:1), C5: Linseed +
barley (3:1), C6: Linseed + lentil (4:1), C7 : Linseed + barley
(4:1), C8 : Linseed + lentil (5:1) and C9 : Linseed + barley
(5:1). And three integrated nutrient management viz. N1:
RDN, N2 : 75% RDN through inorganic + 25% RDN
through vermicompost N3 : 75% RDN through inorganic +
25% RDN through vermicompost + bio-fertilizer (seed
coating) + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 in soil. Linseed cv Padmini,
:1 -el ba T d na s met sy s gni pp or c f o t cef f E M NI .d ee sni l f o xe dni t se vr ah d na t hgi eh t nal p no t ne mt ae r T S A D( t ne re ffi d ni ) mc ( t h gi e h t nal p de es ni L ) de es ni L 03 06 09 t A yti r ut a m 03 06 09 t A yti r ut a m de e S dl ei y a h q( 1- ) re v ot S dl ei y a h q( 1- ) .I.
H )%(
practices and fertilizers doses were applied in different treatments.
Cost of cultivation was calculated by taking in to account the prevailing prices of the inputs. The minimum support price for the grains of linseed, lentil and barley were taken in to account over the years and used for computing linseed equivalent ratio. The economic
efficiency in terms of Rs. ha-1 day-1 was worked
out by dividing the total net monetary returns by total duration of the crops. The economics of various cropping systems was also worked out to assess the most viable and remunerative cropping systems under rainfed condition.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
It is evident from the data that plant height of linseed, lentil and barley was increasing with increasing DAS upto maturity (Table-1, 2, & 3). The tallest plants were observed in sole crops followed by the treatment of linseed + lentil (3:1). The lowest plant height was recorded under linseed + barley (5:1) during the two different years of study. Further, the application of INM influenced the plant height and tallest plants were found when 75% RDN through inorganic + 25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizer
(seed coating) + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 was applied
and minimum height was obtained from N1 when
it was applied only through inorganic fertilizer (5).
The seed yield of linseed, lentil and barley under different cropping systems varied significantly and maximum values of these parameters in first and second year was 10.61
and 9.66 q ha-1, 11.82 and 11.41 q ha-1, 23.83
and 23.12 q ha-1, respectively. The maximum
yield of stover/straw yield was obtained from sole cropping during two different years. Among intercropped treatments highest seed yield was obtained from linseed + lentil (3:1) followed by linseed + barley (4:1) and lowest under linseed + barley (5:1) during both the years. Further, the combined effect of inorganic and organics was found to be significantly superior over RDN. The result indicate better growth in terms of seed yield, straw/stover yield in combined use supplemented with biofertilizer (seed coating) +
PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 in soil. The harvest index did
not showed significant variations during the two years of observation (6).
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H )%(
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CONCLUSION
Rainwater management is a prime issue of present day research for sustainability of rainfed agriculture. Experimental evidences indicate that the treatment of linseed + lentil (3:1) supplemented with 75% RDN through inorganic + 25% RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizer
(seed coating) + PSB @ 2.5 kg ha-1 in the soil was found
quite remunerative in sustaining yields in rainfed alluvial soils of Uttar Pradesh.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author is grateful to the Department of Science and Technology Govt. of India, New Delhi for sponsoring this research leading to his Ph.D. programme in Soil Conservation and Water Management.
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