Chapters Appendices (2)

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ARELLANO UNIVERSITY ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Jose Abad Santos Campus

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CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1

The Problem and its Background The Problem and its Background

Have an individual ever feel good because a group of people approached and talked to him? Or have an individual been motivated to do something because he feel like the society accepts him as who he is and what he is? Well, that is called social approval. It is a positive evaluation or appraisal of a group to an individual. It helps a person be motivated to gain the favor of the society. hey feel motivated to perform better and do things that are already approved by the society he!she is in. "nd before a person can gain social approval, he!she has to have some social interaction. #o now, what is social interaction? #ocial interaction is one part of our daily lives. It is the act of two people mutually oriented to each other $Weiten, %&1'(. "s we social interact with others, people tend to determine whether they are approved by the society they belong in $#utton ) *ouglas, %&1'(.

In one study conducted by +eary, it illustra ted that social approval and selfesteem are related. He argued that when an individual feels that he!she is accepted by the society, his!her selfesteem increases $#utton et al., %&1'(. #elfesteem is a person-s evaluation of him!herself and of how other people perceive them. "ccording to +eary-s #ociometer heory of #elf esteem, social approval is one main source of selfesteem wherein whenever an individual feels that he!she is accepted by the society, his!her selfesteem boost $+eary, ottrell ) /hilips, %&&1(. #ocial approval not only motivates an individual-s selfesteem but it also motivates an

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individual to perform better and perform things that are already accepted by the society which results to a better performance $#utton et al., %&1'(.

"ccording to ast and 0urke-s theory of selfesteem an individual-s performance is influenced or affected by their surrounding-s appraisal and feedbacks. Whenever they receive positive feedbacks, their selfesteem becomes reinforced.

#o when does 2ob performance takes place? 3ot 2ust in the study but in general? 4ob performance takes place after an individual-s selfesteem increases because according to

+eary-s #ociometer heory, whenever an individual gains social approval, that individual-s selfesteem increases which means he!she is motivated to perform better so performance becomes better $#utton et al., %&1'(.4ob performance became the other variable instead of 2ust performance to demonstrate the relation clearly. 4ob performance is all the behaviours,

duties and tasks an employee should do in his!her work environment and how well he!she performs them $0erghe, %&11(. herefore, 2ob performance of sales clerk was chosen because

they are known as front liners  they are employees who interact regularly with customers $5obertson, %&&'( and is also the key on how customer will perceive the service 6uality of a company or management $0erghe, %&11(. #ales lerk is considered front liner because they are the ones assigned and responsible in greeting, approaching, helping, and interacting with customers $7okemuller, %&1'(. he performance of these people toward their 2ob can help the study determine whether the selfesteem has an effect to the relationship of social approval and 2ob performance.

he study was conducted at #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store and the respondents were the sales clerk of the said department store. #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store

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was the most convenient store to conduct the survey. he staffs were approachable and supportive. " survey was conducted to one hundred and fifty selected participants with ages from %& to 8& years old, both male and female. he test conducte d was used to measure the respondents- level of social approval needs, selfesteem and 2ob performance to see if self esteem mediates the relationship between social approval and 2ob performance.

#ales lerks are very important in a store or management. hey are the key to the success of the management and they also have a lot of power within their field. hey also have a big role wherein the perception of the customers for the service 6uality of their store depends on how they serve the customers. *espite the importance of sales clerk, there aren-t many studies regarding sales clerk and their source of good 2ob performance. he researchers felt the need to conduct a study regarding sales clerks- performance in order to value them more and give benefits afterwards.

Background of the Study Background of the Study

#ales field is one wideknown field nowadays because almost everyone buy, sell, e9change and trade almost everything so as sales field gets wider, sales profession is getting in demand too. One of most known position or 2ob is sales clerk : they are the ones who welcome, greet, approach and entertain all customers enter their working place.

#ince sales clerk interact and sociali;e with customers everyday while their duty, they tend to have a need of social approval from them and also with their colleagues and superiors. herefore, the researchers decided to conduct a study where it-ll focus on not 2ust the 2ob performance of the sales clerk but also its source which is social approval and self esteem.

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"fter gathering information and during the process of the study, it is determined that social approval and selfesteem makes a sales clerk fully motivated to demonstrate a better 2ob performance.

Research Locale Research Locale

he researchers conducted the study in #tar <all "labang, <untinlupa ity. he study was conducted through a survey with the help of one hundred and fifty $1=&( sales clerk of #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store, both male and female aging from twenty $%&( to forty $8&( years old.

Scoe and Limitation of the Study Scoe and Limitation of the Study

he study aimed to determine whether there is a significant relationship with social

approval, selfesteem and 2ob performance of sales clerk of #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store. It also covers the level of each variable and how it influences one another. he study also stated how importance sales clerk works as front liner and how it may help their 2ob performance. It also included the demographic profile of the respondents on whether it has an effect to their level of social approval needs, selfesteem and d performance.

"s survey was conducted to one hundred and fifty $1=&( selected participants, both male and female aging from %& years old to 8& years old which are included in early adulthood age to compare and differentiate each respondent-s social approval needs as well as the level of their selfesteem and 2ob performance.

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Theoretical !rame"ork Theoretical !rame"ork

+eary-s #ociometer heory of #elfesteem $1>>=( defines selfesteem as a barometer to which an individual is being included or e9cluded by others. It argues that people are motivated to have high level of selfesteem when they are approved by the society. #elf esteem is used to describe an individual-s view to himself. #ocial "pproval is when an individual feels that he!she is accepted by the society either in his!her appearance or skills $#utton et al., %&1'(.

"ccording to +eary-s #ociometer of selfesteem $1>>=(, the main source of selfesteem is social approval this helps an individual boost their selfesteem $+eary, ottrell, ) /hilips, %&&1(. #ocial approval boosts selfesteem by making a person motivated after performing things that are already approved by the society. /eople tend to act and behave in way that is acceptable to the society. When they are already approved by the society, their selfesteem already increases and whenever they are re2ected by the society, their selfesteem is also affected and it decreases. In that case, motivation and performance then shows up individuals become motivate d to modify their behavior and improve and perform better for the essence of acceptance.

#elfesteem is also used to monitor our sociali;ation towards other for social approval. +eary et al. $1>>=( showed that selfesteem is correlated with people-s assumption toward them on whether they are accepted or re2ected. Organi; ation of conomic ooperation and *evelopment $O*( found that the more time a person spends with friends, the higher self esteem he has $#utton et al., %&1'(.

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/eople tend to perform better and do things that are accepted by the society so they can be approved also by the society $#utton et al., %&1'(.

"s stated above, motivation to perform better shows up because people seek social approval from others. herefore, a person becomes motivated in order to gain social approval wherein after people gain social approval, their selfesteem increases. In relation to 2ob performance of sales clerk sales clerk are being motivated to show a better 2ob performance after their social approval needs are met. When their social approval needs are met, their selfesteem increases and their performance become better.

"ccording to heory of 5easoned "ction $1>A=( wherein it focuses on the behavior, persuasion and intuition of an individual it argues that there are predictions on how an

individual will behave ne9t e.g., after an individual feels he!she is socially approved, his!her selfesteem will then increases and it depends on him!her whether to perform better or not  because there are also limitations on how factors affect the behavior or variable $Bohs, )

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Theoretical Paradigm Theoretical Paradigm

he figure below demonstrated how each variable in the study relate, affect and influences one another.

!igure 1 !igure 1

he figure above illustrates how the three variables are related to each other. hey are in the relationship wherein selfesteem is the mediator variable, social approval is the independent variable and 2ob performance is the dependent variable. he figure e9plains how they are connected or related to each other.

"ccording to +eary-s #ociometer heory $1>>=(, whenever an individual feels he!she is accepted by the society, his!her selfesteem increases and every time the selfesteem increases, they tend to be motivated to perform things that are already accepted by the society. hus, their performance improves also.

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"nd according to ast and 0urke-s heory of selfesteem $%&&%( when one individual receives positive feedback from a group or society, their selfesteem increases and this is one distinct process related to role performance. he performance of an individual is affected through different sources and one of it is social appraisal and comparisons. hus, selfesteem and social approval are related to each other while 2ob performance is affected when the two are met.

Statement of the Problem Statement of the Problem

his study entitled, D#ocial "pproval, #elfesteem and 4ob /erformance of #ales lerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #toreE aimed to determine whether selfesteem significantly mediates the relation between social approval and 2ob performance and to determine the respondents- level of social approval needs, selfesteem and 2ob performance.

he study also answered the following 6uestionsF

1#

1# What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms ofF

1.1 "ge

1.% #e9

1.' ivil #tatus and

1.8 ype of mployment?

$#

$# What are the social approval needs of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #tore in terms ofF

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel > %.1 ustomers

%.% olleagues and %.' #uperiors?

%#

%# What is the level of selfesteem of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #tore in terms of their relationship withF

'.1 hemselves and '.% Others?

&#

&# What is the level of 2ob performance of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #tore in terms ofF

8.1 ustomers 8.% olleagues and 8.' #uperiors?

'#

'# *oes selfesteem significantly mediates the relationship between social approval and selfesteem?

Hyothesis Hyothesis

#elfesteem does not significantly mediates the relationship between social approval and 2ob performance of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #tore.

Significance of the Study Significance of the Study

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel 1& he researchers conducted the study social approval, selfesteem and 2ob performance

of sales clerk, in order for the following to be benefitedF The Sales Clerk

The Sales Clerk . he employees might have a better 2ob performance as a result of improved social interaction and higher selfesteem. It can also be a result of the company-s programs and services.

The (anagers

The (anagers. "s they are the people responsible for handling employees, their tasks, duties and doings will be lessen as their employees perform better.

The

The ComanComanyy. "fter the company implements programs and seminars, the employees then can have a higher selfesteem as well as a better 2ob performance. he more the employees feel they are socially approved, the higher their selfesteem get. he higher their selfesteem gets, the better 2ob performance they get and a better 2ob performance they get, the higher the company-s income will be.

The Alicants

The Alicants. hey are people who are seeking for 2ob positions as sales clerk and the researchers believed that this study could help them improve their selfesteem in order to show a better 2ob performance in the near future.

)erational *efinition of Terms )erational *efinition of Terms

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he following terms are operationally definedF +ob Performance

+ob Performance. his is all the behaviours, duties and tasks an employee and should do in his!her work environment and how well he!she performs them. hese behaviours, duties and tasks are applicable in reaching the goal of an organi;ation $0erghe, %&11(.

Sales Clerk

Sales Clerk . hey are the people responsible in approaching, greeting and entertaining customers $7okemuller, %&1'(. hey are the key to the success of a company wherein the success of one-s company lies on them $"lbaugh, %&&>( because they are the front liners : the perception of customers towards the services of a company lies on them $0erghe, %&11(.

Self,esteem

Self,esteem. his is a person-s evaluation of him!herself and of how other people perceive them. It can be either positive or negative and might vary with different situations

$#utton et al., %&1'(. Social Aro-al

Social Aro-al. his is the positive evaluation or appraisal of a group to an individual $Weiten, %&1'(. his happens when an individual feels that he!she is accepted by the society either in his!her appearance or skills $#utton et al., %&1'(.

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CHAPTER $ CHAPTER $

RE./E0 )! RELATE* L/TERATRE RE./E0 )! RELATE* L/TERATRE

his chapter presents the review of related literature and studies regarding and relating to social approval, selfesteem, 2ob performance and sales clerk.

Re-ie" of Related Literature Re-ie" of Related Literature

#elfesteem is the people-s sub2ective appraisal of themselves either positive or negative and it can vary in different situations $#utton et al., %&1'(. /eople who e9perience positive outcomes and situations more than negative outcomes and situations tend to have higher self esteem $/elham ) #wann, 1>C> as cited in #utton et al., %&1'(. #ocial "pproval is when an individual feels that he!she is accepted by the society either in his!her appearance or skills $#utton et al., %&1'(.

#ociometer theory of selfesteem is a psychological gauge that studies the relationship of an individual to other individuals. #tudies show that selfesteem is influenced by events wherein people are in the state of being valued and accepted by others $+eary, %&&=(. #ociometer theory interprets selfesteem as an internal gauge used to monitor individual-s successes in creating interpersonal relationships, particularly to the degree in which they are being scanned to be included or e9cluded $+eary, 0aumeister ) Ganna, %&&&(.

"ccording to #ociometer heory of #elfesteem, being socially approved boosts and individual-s selfesteem $+eary, ottrell, ) /hillips, %&&1(. "ccording to +eary et al. they argued that selfesteem is the instrument for e9tent of a person being included and e9cluded by other people. #elfesteem motivates us to ensure that we are socially included in a way that we behave for us to be accepted. #elfesteem is part of a system wherein the individual is

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the one who will monitor his!her the signs of being included or re2ected in their social environment $#utton et al., %&1'(.

+eary et al. showed that selfesteem was highly correlated with people-s assumption if they are being accepted or being re2ected of other people. 5esearch found out that self esteem is the most strongly connected to selfevaluation to help gain social approval $"nthony, Holmes ) Woods, %&&A(. 5esearch shows that people who have lower selfesteem don-t make efforts to make them feel better $Heimpel, Wood, <arshall, ) 0rown, %&&% Wood, Heimpel, ) <ichela, %&&'(. /eople who have low selfesteem tend to compare themselves to other people who have high selfesteem $Wood et al, %&&'(. hey also deal with negative life events $Heimpel et al., %&&%(. /eople who have higher selfesteem make them feel better and they improve or increase their mood, they are also more focused on their positive aspects on the positive life events $#utton et al., %&1'(.

he most widely acknowledged e9planation is that people strive for selfesteem because high selfesteem promotes positive affect by buffering the person against stress and other negative emotions and by enhancing personal ad2ustment, whereas low selfesteem is associated with malad2ustments. 5esearch findings show that at least people with lowesteem e9perienced virtually every negative emotion more commonly than these with high level of selfesteem $+eary, <acdonald, %&1'(. urthermor e, high selfesteem appears to buffer people against feelings of an9iety, enhance coping and promote physical health $Bohs ) 0aumeister, %&1'(. /eople with high selfesteem often work harder and perform better after an initial failure than people with low selfesteem $ast ) 0urke %&&%(.he more support and approval people receive, the higher their selfesteem tends to be $+eary, %&&=(.

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#ociometer theory proposed that selfesteem has a relation and connection to one-s past, present and future. /eople with high selfesteem tend to feel being valued by others while people who have low selfesteem used to doubt their value and could affect in the future

relationships of the individual. #elfesteem has a great impact to one-s beliefs and social motivations e.g., people with low selfesteem tends to think that they are worthless than people with high level of selfesteem. he higher the selfesteem the person has, the greater

confidence they gain $"nthony, Wood, ) Holmes, %&&A( and the higher the selfesteem is, the greater acceptance they receive $"nthony, Wood, ) Holmes, %&&A(.

here are some sources of selfesteem, some people base their selfesteem to their appearance, others on their social approval, others on their success and how good and kind they are $rocker ) Wolfe, %&&1(. #elfesteem is considered as a necessary construct since the earliest days of /sychology. <any researchers argued that people tends to seek and maintain selfesteem because they feel the need to feel good while others proposed that people seek selfesteem for goal achievements $7ernis, %&&@(. 0arkow $1>C&( suggests that

selfesteem is where the adaptation of people evolved by maintaining the consistency of their social relationship $<acdonald, #alt;man, ) +eary, %&&'(

5elationship with other people serves as one of the most important needs of every individual. It develops emotion and support to everyone and that it is also the reason of being satisfied and fulfilled in daily need of life $*enissen, /enke, #chmitt, ) "ken, %&&C(. On the other hand, selfesteem plays an important role to one-s life it makes the level of belongingness and social interaction either high or low $+eary, ) 0aumeister, %&&&(.

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<oreover, when people think that they are accepted and been socially included, they could possibly feel better themselves $*enissen et al., %&&C(.

#elfesteem is all about a person-s mental health and psychological skills i.e. motivation or personal identity. /eople lack selfesteem when they are being denied, deprived or re2ected by others and their actions. 5osenberg $1>A>( found that adolescent increases their self

esteem when they think that their appearance is likable and through that, they may feel socially approved by the society. /eople think that social approval depends on how other people treat them $mler, %&&1(.

#elfesteem is defined as one-s attitude or global effective orientation towards oneself $ast ) 0urke, %&&%(. while high level of selfesteem are associated with happiness, low selfesteem has been linked to increased e9periences of negative affect and is considered as vulnerability factor for a number of mental health problems $+eary ) 0aumeister, %&&&(. /revious research points to a number of ways in which low selfesteem might lead to negative feeling e.g., individuals with low selfesteem tend to overgenerali;e the negative conse6uences of failure $0rown ) *utton, 1>>= 5ichter ) 5idout,n.d (.

#elfesteem provides buffer against role stressors that impede workplace motivation and performance $erris, +ian, 0rown, /ang, ) 7eeping, %&1&(. he concept of selfesteem refers to the individual-s evaluation and attitude towards his!herself $/sysc;c;ynski, #olomon, reenberg, "rndt, ) #chimel, %&&8( and that people are motivated to main high levels of selfesteem $/sysc;c;ynski et al., %&&8(.

If people tend to cope and ad2ust to their surroundings, their selfesteem increases $<acdonald, #alt;man, ) +eary, %&&'(. 0ednar, Wells, and /eterson $1>C>( suggested that

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selfesteem is affected or increases, it means that their coping skills are being effective and recogni;ed especially with psychological threats $<acdonald et al., %&&'(. hough social approval is important, an individual must not depend his!her selfesteem in the social validation of others $<acdonald et al., %&&'(. ailure can also enhance selfesteem if it is reacted in positive manner. he highest selfesteem was reported by peoples who do not only think positively but also viewed others opinions, reactions or behavior positively and use it as an act of social approval $<acdonald et al., %&&'(.

/erson with high selfesteem can be used as a defense to cope in the society. "nd with high selfesteem, person could perform highly on the field. On the other hand, a person with low selfesteem can cause an individual to poor and less performances. " person could get high selfesteem by receiving a positive communications while a person could get low self esteem by receiving negative messages. Individual tends to be more sensitive when it comes to evaluation feedback from other individuals. <oreover, the sensitivity should be done accordingly to be able to have a social approval $+eary, %&&=(.

#elfesteem is determined when a person achieve love either conditionally or unconditionally from his!her parents $4oner, %&&>(. If a person is taken for granted then that person could not develop appreciation for his!her worth. " person may be sensitive to other if

he!she receives little appreciation from others. #elfesteem is one of the most important needs in achieving social approval. " person will perform greater if they are already aware that they are accepted and liked by other individuals $lmer, %&&1(.

If people are involved in close relationship with others and has close social interaction and support, they tend to have high level of selfesteem $*enissen et al., %&&C(. In addition,

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people who are satisfied in being involved to social needs develop a high selfesteem $+eary, ) 0aumeister, %&&C(. 0eing accepted with others could reflect a high amount of selfesteem $*enissen, et al., %&&C(.

he fundamental prere6uisite of interpersonal life is the fact that a person can either be accepted or re2ected. With the adaptation advantages and coping skills of people, they increase the possibility in being approved and possess a strong bond for belongingness Indications that one person is being re2ected leads to negative effect $+eary, 0aumeister, ) Ganna, %&&&(.

4ob performance is the group of behaviours that are applicable to reach the goals of the organi;ation in which a person works 2 24udge, 0ono, horeson, ) /atton, %&&1(. /eople with high selfesteem are motivated to work well on their 2ob to continue their high selfcondition. 5esearchers believe that to understand more the relationship of #elfesteem with 2ob performance, they must look for the wider view of one self. $7ernis, %&&'(.

"ccording to 5ogers $1>=>(, selfesteem increases when people agrees with personal value while according to 0ednar, Wells and /eterson $1>C>( selfesteem arises if people are creates it with each other effectively $"nthony, %&&A(. $0arkow, 1>AC( suggest that self esteem is the outcome of being in social groups, as #ociometer theory $+eary, %&&=( proposed that selfesteem depends on rational condition. /sysc;c;ynski, #olomon,

reenberg, "rndt ) #chimel, %&&8 argues that selfesteem is the feeling of achieving the standard and being a worthwhile person.

4ones $%&&>( revealed that when a person achieved a goal and the people around him!her are disapproving to his success, then it may cause a low level of selfesteem. #ocial

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acceptance is an indicator of being accepted and liked with other people $#chwart;, 3akawoto, orman, ) <ckay, %&&@(. he outcome of being socially accepted may result to positive behaviour.

he fundamental importance of interpersonal life is that an individual can either be accepted by the society or avoid being re2ected. #ociometer theory stated that monitoring the interpersonal environment is one important factor in gaining value $+eary, %&&%(. It shows that whenever individual is approved or accepted, the individual-s value increase and it leads to positive affect while disapproval and re2ection decreases one-s value and tends to lead to negative effect. #tudies have shown that re2ection and disapproval is related to negative emotions and reactions it can also lead to problematic situations $+eary, 7och, Hechenbleikner, %&&1(. In most cases, the possibility of having one self-s value to decrease is partially their own fault. 3ormally, acceptance and re2ection makes people feel good or bad

depending on the person $4udge, 0ono, horesen, /atton, %&&1(.

" sales clerk-s smile should result in more good impression on his!her sales pitch. It also influences the customers- purchasing behavior. mployees on services like front liners are considered to have social relationship with the customers because they are able to communicate with them. #mile stands as the universal and accepted display of emotion and skills in initiating sociali;ation regardless of their sincerity or true feelings $"bel ) "bel, %&&A <atila, 0radley, ) isk, %&&'(. "n employee who always smiles is associated with more positive attributes like sociability, sincerity and competence $"bel ) "ble, %&&A(. " smiling sales clerk might also convey a more helpful perception to the customers which will lead the customers to be more positive towards the sales $"bel ) "bel, %&&A *e arlo,

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel 1> %&&=(. 0rown ) #utur";aroff $1>>8(, /ugh $%&&1( and an $%&&8( found that employees

who display positive emotions share a good relation with the customers and results to customers- satisfaction and positive evaluations regarding the sales and products. #everal researches have also been conducted and did not only focus on the smiling of the sales clerk but also other factors like eye contact, greeting and thanking customers $"bel, ) "bel, %&&A(. " company-s success can be dependent on their employees- performance. <anagements have reali;ed that implementing trainings and programs for their employees is very important for the sake of their development in becoming better employees. rainings can also help employees enhance their work performance but should not only focus on enhancing performances but also motivations and commitments toward their work $lnaga, ) Imran,

%&1'(. "ccording to Hawthorne studies, employees who are motivated by their management gets satisfied with their 2ob $7inicki, ) 7nether, %&&A lnaga et al., %&1'( and improve more their credential, skills and knowledge $<ckinsey, %&&@ lnaga et al., %&1'(.

4ob performance plays a very important role to an organi;ation because this is one way of helping the administrators determine how motivated their employees on working are and also the success of their organi;ation can also depend on their performance $#alleh, *;ulkifli, "maliha, "badullah, Hai;al, ) Jaakob, %&11(. Openmindedness and emotional stability greatly affects employees- 2ob performance $Imran, atima, Gaheer, Jousaf, ) 0atool, %&1%(.

rik rikson-s /sychosocial heory focuses on the psychosocial development of a child or individual wherein he states that people aging from %& years old to 8& years which are also referred as young adults are in the basic conflict of Intimacy vs. Isolationwherein they are in

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel %& When they are socially approved, it leads to intimacy but when not, isolation and loneliness

becomes present $<c+eod, %&1' herry, %&&=(. Re-ie" of Related Studies

Re-ie" of Related Studies

In a study, Chinese Working in Groups: Effort Dispensability versus Normative Influenceconducted by Hong, Wyer, ) org $%&&C(, the results showed that the default of

effects of dispensability on how to evaluate is a little confusing. If the hinese participants have concluded that the target person was motivated to do perform things whenever he!she is socially approved, their e9pectation for the target to be similar with others should have been higher whenever target person-s performance is identified that when not. 0ut, this was not found in the study because participants took the role of observers and determine the behavior although they were in public. <oreover, the second study showed that hinese participants would be similar to the coworkers performance level whenever they anticipate

that their performance would be made in public places. When their performance is still unidentified, the similarity of coworkers- performance will not be used for social approval. In this conte9t, the participants may be affected by whether or not their efforts is not necessary or re6uired i.e., work less hard when the other groups are working hard and the others are not.

In a study,ocial !pproval and "rait elf#esteem conducted by <acdonald, #alt;man )

+eary $%&&'(, results showed that high selfesteem involves more than simply believing that one possesses positive character istics. /articipants who believed that they were competent, physically attractive or wealthy had higher selfesteem if they believe these attributes lead to

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel %1

and re2ection over long periods of time. Indeed, virtually all participants indicated that competence, attractiveness and sociability were at least somewhat important for approval. he median score for the approval : value of competence was > on a 1%point scale with >=K of participants agreeing that competence lead to approval to some e9tent. he median for the approval : value of attractiveness was 1& with >CK of participants agreeing that attractiveness leads to approval to some e9tent. he median score for disapproval : value of social desirability was also 1& with >CK of participants agreeing that lacking sociable characteristics leads to disapproval to some e9tent.

In conducted researches, it was concluded that companies tend to hire more female employees than male employees because they act warmer and friendlier towards agents, clients and customers. hey also tend to hire more contractual employees than permanent employees with the thought that hiring contractual employees would cost less for their company plus it can e9pand the number of staffs and employees that work inside their companies $Wandera, %&11(.

Synthesis Synthesis

he study aims to determine the relation of the three variables social approval, self esteem and 2ob performance through regression analysis wherein selfesteem is the mediating variable because it is the variable that connects social approval and 2ob performance. 4ob performance is known to improve whenever a social approval is gain from either customers,

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel %%

CHAPTER % CHAPTER %

RESEARCH (ETH)*)L)34 RESEARCH (ETH)*)L)34

his chapter presents the discussion on the methods of research used, population of the respondents, sample, sampling techni6ue and the procedures used in gathering the data. Research *esign

Research *esign

he research design used in the study are 6uantitative method and regression analysis. Luantitative method is the research method that re6uires 6uantifiable data involving

numerical and statistical e9planations while 5egression "nalysis is a statistical process used

to estimate the relation of more than two variables. It is often use to determine the effect of a

variable to the relationship of an independent and dependent variable.

Samle and Samling Techni5ue Samle and Samling Techni5ue

he research was conducted through the help of 1=& participants of #tar mall-s

5obinson-s department store aging from %& years old to 8& years old, both male and female.

1=& is the total number of participants re6uired for the study because it is the !M 8

confidence level of %&&. arly adulthood stage, ages from %& to 8& years old, is the age

chosen for the study because according to rik rikson-s /sychosocial heory, young adult

aging from %& years old to 8& years are in the basic conflict of Intimacy vs. Isolationso they

tend to form close relationships with others and that causes the need for social approval. When young adults have been socially approved, it leads to strong and close relationships but when not, isolation and loneliness occurs $<c+eod, %&1'(.

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel %'

he sampling method used in the study was convenience random sampling method

wherein those who match the criteria of the study and free at a certain time can answer the 6uestionnaires. #ales clerks are e9pected to be busy with approaching and entertaining customers, they only have their lunch break to eat, rest and do other non2ob related activities.

Research /nstrument Research /nstrument

he researchers made a test to measure the level of social approval needs, selfesteem and 2ob performance of sales clerk. he test has ensured reliability and validity with the help of e9perts in their field of speciali;ation : $1( /sycho metrician and, $%( /sychology /rofessor.

*escription of the est NsedF

he SS+ ScaleSS+ Scale is a threeset scale designed to measure social approval needs, level of selfesteem and 2ob performance.

he Social Aro-al ScaleSocial Aro-al Scaleis a %1item 6uestionnaire in a closed 6uestions format with a @+ikert scale designed to measure social approval needs. #ocial "pproval is when an individual feels that he!she is accepted by the society either in his!her appearance or skills. It

is a variable that is related to selfesteem because according to +eary-s #ociometer heory whenever an individual feels that he!she is accepted by the society, his!her selfesteem increases.

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he Self,esteem ScaleSelf,esteem Scale is a %1item 6uestionnaire in a closed 6uestions format with a @ +ikert scale designed to measure the level of selfesteem. #elfesteem is the sub2ective appraisal of their selves either positive or negative and it can vary in different situation. It is a variable that is related to social approval because according to +eary-s #ociometer theory, the selfesteem increases whenever an individual feels he!she is accepted by the society.

he +ob Performance+ob Performance #cale is a %1item 6uestionnaire in a closed 6uestions format with a 8+ikert scale designed to measure the 2ob performance. 4ob performance is the group of behaviors that are applicable to reach the goal of the organi;ation in which a person works. It is a variable that has relationship with social approval and selfesteem because whenever an individual feels socially approved their selfesteem increases and whenever their self

esteem increases, individuals tend to perform better.

he test is a selfrating scale wherein the respondents are allowed to answer each statement based on their own perception and liking.

Statistical Treatment of *ata Statistical Treatment of *ata

he data obtained from the survey 6uestionnaires that were distributed by the researchers were tabulated, analy;ed and interpreted with the use of the statistical treatment.

he percentage was employed using the following formulaF_{1. he researchers used fre6uency dist ribution as statistical method} in analy;ing and interpreting the demographic profile of the respondentsF

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel %=

=f n x100 WhereF /  /ercentage f  re6uency n $ 3umber of /articipants

%. he researchers computed the data obtained using weighted mean based on the survey 6uestionnaire. ormulaF Weighted Mean= Σwx Σw WhereF Σ  #ummation of 3otation W  Weight P  Balue

'. he researchers used regression analysis to determine the relation of social approval, self esteem and 2ob performance.

ormulaF

Y =_a+_bX

b

₌

(

NΣXY

−(

ΣX

) (

ΣY

))

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ΣY

−

b

(

ΣX

)

¿

a

₌

_¿

WhereF 9 and y  Bariables

b  #lope of the regression line

a  Intercept point of the regression line and the y a9is

3  3umber of values or elements

P  irst #core

J  #econd #core

QPJ  #um of the product of first and #econd #cores

QP  #um of irst #cores

QJ  #um of #econd #cores

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CHAPTER & CHAPTER & PRESE6

PRESE6TATAT/)67 A6AL4S/S A6* T/)67 A6AL4S/S A6* /6TERP/6TERPRETARETAT/)6 )! T/)6 )! *AT*ATAA

his chapter presents the findings, interpretation, discussion and results of the data gathered from the respondents of the study. he data were presented in tables with corresponding te9tual e9planation and interpretation. he results were discussed in accordance to the problems raised in the study.

Table 1 Table 1

*emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Age *emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Age A

Agge e 33rroouu !rree5! 5uueennccyy PPeerrcceennttaaggee %& : %@ >% @1K %A : '' 8> ''K '8  8& > @K T T))TTAALL88 11''99 119999::

able 1 clearly states that the ma2ority of the respondents were sales clerk aging from %& years old to %@ years old allocating si9tyone percent $@1K( out of 1=& respondents.

"ccording to rik rikson-s /sychosocial heory, young adult aging from %& years old to 8& years are in the basic conflict of Intimacy vs. Isolation so they tend to form close

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel %C

have been socially approved, it leads to strong and close relationships but when not, isolation and loneliness occurs $<c+eod, %&1'(.

Joung adults aging from %& to %@ years old tend to prioriti;e social especially romantic relationships wherein this is the start of them separating from their parents. aining relationships outside the family becomes more necessary than they were on adolescence but young adults should still be guided as they might encounter difficult situations and risky behaviors. hey have a higher risk in reaching isolation whenever social approval doesn-t

take place because they are 2ust starting with their adulthood $#teinbeck, ) 7ohn, %&1'(.

Table $ Table $

*emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Se; *emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Se;

S

See;; !!rree55uueennccyy PPeerrcceennttaaggee

emale C% ==K

<ale @C 8=K

T

T))TTAALL88 11''99 119999K

able % shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of se9. he study were composed of eightytwo $C%( female with fiftyfive percent $==K( and si9tyeight $@C( male with fortyfive percent $8=K(. he table shows that the ma2ority of the respondents of the study were female wherein one study stated sales field is one field women have high population of employment compared to other fields e.g., technical support, machine

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel %> ompanies and organi;ations tend to hire more female employees because they act

warmer and friendlier toward customers than male employees.

Table % Table %

*emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Ci-il Status *emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Ci-il Status

C

Cii--iil SSttal attuuss !!rree55uueennccyy PPeerrcceennttaaggee

<arried %& 1'K

#ingle 1'& CAK

T

T))TTAALL88 11''99 191999K

able ' shows the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of ivil #tatus. he table above clearly states that the ma2ority of the respondents were single. 5espondents who have the civil status of single had a percentage of eightyseven $CAK( out of 1=& respondents and the rest are married with a percentage of thirteen $1'K(. here were @& male and A& female who are single and C male and 1% female who are married in the respondents of the study. ifteen out of twenty married respondents aged from %& to 8& years old.

here are more single respondents than married because most of the respondents belong to the age group %& to %@ years old wherein they are still in the stage of ad2usting to their adult life. his is the stage where they are in the midst of creating close relationship with people outside their family $#teinbeck, ) 7ohn, %&1'(.

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Table & Table &

*emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Emloyment Tye *emograhic Profile of the Resondents in terms of Emloyment Tye E

Emmllooyymmeennt t TTyyee !!rree55uueennccyy PeerrcceenP nttaaggee

ontractual 1'1 CAK

/ermanent 1> 1'K

T

T))TTAALL88 11''99 119999K

able 8 shows that demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the type of their employment. he figure above clearly states the ma2ority of the respondents were contractors wherein they perform their tasks for a company or organi;ation in a period of time depending on the duration stated in the contract.

here are more contractual employees with a percentage of eightyseven $CAK( with one hundred thirtyone respondents than permanent employees with a percentage of thirteen $1'K percent with nineteen respondents.

ompanies and organi;ations tend to hire contractual employees more than permanent employees with reasons that contractual employees have less cost for the company, it e9pands the number of staffs that can work on that site or field and companies are able to observe the fle9ibility and adaptability of contractual employees $Wandera, %&11(. hough business companies and organi;ations tend to hire more contractors than permanent, it differs

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when it comes to banking, pharmaceutical industries and I field where re6uires a large scale of workforce because employees in these fields has to have the familiarity within their field $oulds, %&11(.

Table ' Table '

The Le-el of Social Aro-al 6eeds of Sales Clerks of Star (all<s Robinson<s The Le-el of Social Aro-al 6eeds of Sales Clerks of Star (all<s Robinson<s

*eartment Store *eartment Store

6eeds for Social Aro-al

6eeds for Social Aro-al 0eighted0eighted (ean

(ean .erbal /nterretation.erbal /nterretation 1. he customers I talk to smile back at me. 8.A= Bery Important %. I also have a circle of friends at work. 8.C Bery Important '. <y boss e9presses his!her appreciation of my

work. 8.C' Bery Important

8. <y coworkers like to work with me. 8.C> Bery Important =. /eople listen to me when I-m promoting or

e9plaining products. 8.>% Bery Important

@. I have a good relationship with my coworkers. =.&A 9tremely Important A. <y boss personally observes my performance. 8.>C Bery Important C. <y coworkers are at my side to support me. 8.@@ Bery Important >. <y boss reviews my work performance. 8.>= Bery Important 1&. ustomers say good things about my

performance. 8.C8 Bery Important

11. <y coworkers like me. 8.=> Bery Important 1%. ustomers show interest in my product. 8.>A Bery Important 1'. <y supervisor listens and pays attention

whenever I-m talking. 8.C1 Bery Important

18. <y boss assists me whenever I-m having a

hard time. 8.C@ Bery Important

1=. /eople show interest in my product. 8.>A Bery Important 1@. I gain company and friends in my workplace. 8.A> Bery Important 1A. <y boss acknowledges my ideas. 8.C Bery Important 1C. I have a good relationship with the customers. =.1C 9tremely Important 1>. I sell many products to customers. =.&@ 9tremely Important

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%&. <y coworkers en2oy my company during

work time. =.&' 9tremely I mportant

%1. <y boss compliments me whenever I do

something good. 8.A= Bery Important

A.ERA3E T)TAL8

A.ERA3E T)TAL8 8.CC Bery Important

able = illustrates the needs for social approval of sales clerks of #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store. #ocial "pproval is when an individual feels he!she is being accepted by the society he!she belongs in $#utton et al., %&1'(. "ccording to +eary-s #ociometer of #elf esteem, social approval is one main source of selfesteem +eary, ottrell ) /hilips, %&&1(.

"s shown in able =, the statement D I have a good relationship %ith the customers.E got

the highest weighted mean which is =.1C and verbally interpreted as e9tremely important. While the statement D &y co#%orkers like meE got the lowest weighted mean which is 8.=>

and verbally interpreted as very important.

mployees who have a high selfesteem have good social approval. hey are open to various situations and criticisms made by customers so they tend to prefer feedbacks and responses to service as social approval. "lso, a good 2ob performance comes from a high level of selfesteem and good relation with people especially customers which is also a result of social approval $ast ) 0urke, %&&%(. he statement D I have a good relationship %ith the

customers.E got the highest weighted mean because they value their social interaction or

relation with their customers.

+ooking at the table above, ma2ority of the statements were answered as D 'ery

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customersrelated statements had a high weighted mean which means that the need for social approval from the customers are high.

Table = Table =

The Le-el of Self,esteem of Sales Clerks of Star (all<s Robinson<s *eartment Store The Le-el of Self,esteem of Sales Clerks of Star (all<s Robinson<s *eartment Store

Le-el of Self,esteem

Le-el of Self,esteem 0eighted0eighted (ean (ean .erbal .erbal /nterretation /nterretation 1. I am a competent employee. 8.@1 "gree

%. I still feel good even though my customers do not buy

my products. 8.=8 "gree

'. I am happy with my performance. =.18 #trongly "gree 8. I look good when I-m working. =.&' #trongly "gree =. I can persuade uninterested customers. 8.A1 "gree @. I feel that I am in the right 2ob. 8.>= "gree A. <y boss is satisfied with my performance. 8.C1 "gree C. I-m a good sales clerk. 8.>C "gree >. suit I my 2ob perfectly. 8.C= "gree 1&. /eople en2oy talking to me. 8.C' "gree 11. ustomers adore the way I approach. 8.AA "gree 1%. <y coworkers like me as colleagues. 8.AC "gree 1'. I am good at selling and promoting my products. 8.>A "gree 18. <y boss is happy with my performance. 8.C> "gree 1=. I can handle uninterested customers. 8.C= "gree 1@. I have made contributions as an employee. =.&A #trongly "gree 1A. I promote our products properly. =.11 #trongly "gree 1C. I accomplish all my tasks. =.&A #trongly "gree 1>. I can handle confrontations and complaints from 8.A8 "gree

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customers.

%&. I-m satisfied with my performance. =.&1 "gree %1. like I my 2ob. =.1C #trongly "gree

A.ERA3E T)TAL8

A.ERA3E T)TAL8 8.> "gree

able @ illustrates the level of selfesteem of sales clerks of #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store. #elfesteem is defined as one-s attitude or global effective orientation towards oneself 22+eary, 0aumeister, ) Ganna, %&&&(. It is the sub2ective appraisal of an individual to his!herself $#utton et al., %&1'(. +eary-s #ociometer heory stated that social approval causes selfesteem to boosts or increases $+eary, ottrell, ) /hillips, %&&1(.

"s shown in able @, seven out of %1 statements got a high weighted mean ranging from =.&' to =.1C and were verbally interpreted as strongly agree. #ome of the statements were regarding on how sati sfied the emplo yees are with their 2ob e.g., )I am happy %ith my

performance.(* )I look good %hen I+m %orking.(and)I like my ,ob.( and how well they

perform their tasks e.g., )I have made contributions as an employee.(* )I promote our

products properly.(and D I accomplish all my tasks(."lthough most of the statements were

alike, those are the statements that stood out with high weighted means. "ccording to 0randen $1>>8(, employees who love and en2oy their 2ob tend to have a higher selfesteem than those who don-t and when they are being responsible for their assigned tasks, they develop selfdiscipline and gain career development $0owes, n.d(

Over all, almost all of the statements had a high weighted mean that lies from 8.=8 to =.1C which clearly states that the respondents of the study have a high level of selfesteem.

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel '=

mployees who have high selfesteem trust their decisions and 2udgments and are confident in performing their work tasks. hey are able to create social relationships especially with their customers and patroni;ers because they can communicate well. hus, employees who en2oy doing their 2ob performs better. hough the statement D I still feel good even though my customers do not buy my product.( got the lowest weighted mean, it is still

verbally interpreted as DagreeE which means that the level is still high. 0ecause employees

have a high level of selfesteem, they are open to negative situations and are able to recover from re2ections and criticisms of customers 22Imran, atima, Gaheer, Jousaf, ) 0atool, %&1%(.

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel '@

Table > Table >

The Le-el of +ob Performance of Sales Clerks of Star (all<s Robinson<s *eartment The Le-el of +ob Performance of Sales Clerks of Star (all<s Robinson<s *eartment

Store Store

Le-el of +ob Performance

Le-el of +ob Performance 0eighted0eighted (ean (ean

.erbal /nterretation .erbal /nterretation 1. I approach and entertain interested customers. '.@A "lways

%. I arrive to work early and on time. '.=C "lways '. I have initiative at work. '.=> "lways 8. I can handle my customers- problems and

6uestions regarding my product. '.=A "lways

=. I do not let my problems affect my 2ob

performance. '.=@ "lways

@. I cooperate with my coworkers. '.A' "lways A. I en2oy what I-m doing. '.@= "lways C. I take my coworkers advice seriously. '.8' "lways >. I pass my works on the day of the deadline. '.== "lways 1&. I can control my emotions while on duty. '.== "lways 11. I am very energetic at work. '.8= "lways 1%. I respond appropriately to my boss-s reviews

and comments. '.=' "lways

1'. I can handle difficult customers well. '.'A "lways 18. I interact with the customers politely. '.8A "lways 1=. I talk with a loud and clear voice. '.8= "lways 1@. I have a good relationship with my customers. '.@> "lways 1A. I approach customers with a smile. '.AA "lways 1C. I can work with less supervision. '.=> "lways 1>. I accomplish all the tasks given to me. '.@= "lways %&. I can ad2ust easily at work. '.@= "lways %1. I appreciate advices and suggestions from my

coworkers. '.@C "lways

A.ERA3E T)TAL8

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able A illustrates the level of 2ob performance of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s department #tore. 4ob /erformance is how an individual perform 2obrelated tasks that may help the organi;ation reach its goal $0erghe, %&11(. "ccording to +eary-s #ociometer heory of #elfesteem, social approval is one main source of selfesteem while good 2ob performance is a result of high selfesteem $+eary, ottrell, ) /hillips, %&&1(. "lso, some

studies supported that when employees feel that they are belonged, their selfesteem increases and the higher the selfesteem, the higher their motivation for a better 2ob performance is. When they are motivated to perform better because of their selfesteem, their 2ob performance gets better.

"s shown in able A, the statement D I approach customers %ith a smile.E got the highest

weighted mean of '.AA and verbally interpreted always while the statement D I take my co# %orkers advice seriously.E got the lowest mean of '.8' and verbally interpreted as always.

"s stated above, employees who have a high level of selfesteem shows a better 2ob performance. mployees who trust their decisions and 2udgments are confident in doing their

work tasks which result to better 2ob performance. With their high selfesteem, they can communicate better with their customers and a good communication and relation with customers mean an employee is performing his!her 2ob properly $0erghe, %&11(.

he statement D I approach customers %ith a smile.(illustrates an employee who has a

high level of selfesteem and a high level of 2ob performance. +ooking at the table above, all of the statements had a high weighted mean ranging from '.8' to '.AA wherein their mean

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel 'C

doesn-t seem far from one another. "n average total mean of '.=C clearly states a high level of 2ob performance.

Table ? Table ? Regression of /n

Regression of /ndeendent .adeendent .ariable to riable to *eendent .a*eendent .ariable8riable8 Social Aro-al to +ob Performance

Social Aro-al to +ob Performance

B

B Std#Std# Error

Error BBeettaa SSiigg #ocial "pproval .

1>1 .&@1 .%8C .&&%

or the first step in the mediation process, the result shows that the unstandardi;ed coefficient beta is .1>1 which means that for every one percent $1K( increase in social approval, there is a &.1>1 increases in 2ob performance wherein it is shown that the relationship of social approval and selfesteem is stronger than the relationship of social approval and 2ob performance which is also e9pected because selfesteem was the mediating variable within the two. his effect is significant because the pvalue or significance level is . &&% which is still lower than the pvalue set, .&=.

"ccording to ast and 0urke-s theory of selfesteem an individual-s performance is influenced or affected by their surrounding-s appraisal and feedbacks. Whenever they receive positive feedbacks, their selfesteem becomes reinforced.

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Table @ Table @

Regression of (ediator .ariable to /ndeendent .ariable8 Regression of (ediator .ariable to /ndeendent .ariable8

Self,esteem to Social Aro-al Self,esteem to Social Aro-al

B B

Std# Std# Error

Error BBeettaa SSiigg #ocial "pproval .

@%% .&=& .A1= .&&&

or the second step in the mediation process, the result shows that the unstandardi;ed coefficient beta is .@%% which means that for every one percent $1K( increase in social approval, there is a predicted .@%% increase in selfesteem of sales clerk of #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store. his effect is significant because the pvalue or significance level is .&&& which is lower than the pvalue set for the study which is .&=.

"ccording to +eary, every time the social approval need is met, there is an increase in selfesteem since social approval is one main source of selfesteem $#utton et al., %&1'(. #ome studies also showed that selfesteem is influenced by other people-s appraisals, feedbacks and events where in they are being approved or accepted $+eary, 0aumeister ) Ganna, %&&&(.

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Table 19 Table 19

Regression of (ediator .ariable to *eendent .ariable8 Regression of (ediator .ariable to *eendent .ariable8

Self,esteem to +ob Performance Self,esteem to +ob Performance

B

B Std#Std# Error

Error BBeettaa SSiigg #elf

esteem

.

'&C .&@C .'8C .&&&

or the third step in the mediation process, the result shows that the unstandardi;ed coefficient beta is .'&C which means that for every one percent $1K( increase in selfesteem,

there is a predicted .'&C increase in the 2ob performance of sales clerk of #tar mall-s 5obinson-s department store. his effect is significant because the pvalue or significance level is .&&& which is lower than the pvalue set, .&=.

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" good 2ob performance comes from a high level of selfesteem. mployees who have high selfesteem trust their own decisions and 2udgments. hey are open to various situations and criticisms made by customers. 0ecause of their high level of selfesteem, they are able to communicate and interact with their customers which results to good performance $Imran, atima, Gaheer, Jousaf, ) 0atool, %&1%(.Table 11Table 11

Regression of (ediator .ariable to Both /ndeendent .ariable and *eendent .ariable8 Regression of (ediator .ariable to Both /ndeendent .ariable and *eendent .ariable8

Self,esteem to Social Aro-al and +ob Performance Self,esteem to Social Aro-al and +ob Performance

oefficients B

B Std#Std# Error

Error BBeettaa SSiigg #ocial "pproval .&&1 .&C= .&&% .>CA #elfesteem .'1& .&>C .'8> .&&%

or the last step in the mediation process, the result shows that the unstandardi;ed coefficient beta of social approval is .&&1 and the unstandardi;ed coefficient beta of self esteem is .'1& which means that for every one percent $1K( in selfesteem, there is a predicted .'1& increase in 2ob performance but not for social approval and 2ob performance because the result is a negative .&&1. It can be noticed that the value of regression coefficient

and beta has changed when selfesteem was regressed to both social approval and 2ob performance. #ince the pvalue or significance level of selfesteem and 2ob performance is .

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"s selfesteem increases, the performance also increases for which when an employee has a high level of selfesteem, he!she tends to perform before because he!she trusts her decisions $"nthony, %&&A(.

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3058 Ave., Pasay City Tel 8'

CHAPTER = CHAPTER = S((AR4 )! !/6*/63S7

S((AR4 )! !/6*/63S7 C)6CLS/)6S A6* REC)((E6*AT/)6SC)6CLS/)6S A6* REC)((E6*AT/)6S

his chapter presents the summary on the findings, the conclusions of the study and the recommendation for future performances and researches.

Summary of !indings Summary of !indings

1#

1# he demographic profile of the respondents in terms ofF

1.1 "ge. <a2ority of the respondents are aging from twenty $%&( to $8&( years old allocating si9ty one percent $@1K( of the whole sample.

1.% #e9. he ma2ority of the respondents are female with fiftyfive percent $==K(. #ales field is the field where female employees have high population because they tend to act warmer and friendlier toward customers.

1.' ivil #tatus. he ma2ority of the respondents are single with eightyseven percent $CAK(. <ost of the population are single because they are still at the age of twenty $%&( to forty $8&( wherein they are still in the starting point of separating form their own families.

1.8 ype of mploymentF he ma2ority of the respondents are contractual having eighty seven percent $CAK(. ompanies tend to hire more because it-ll cost less to the company.

$#

$# he social approval needs of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #tore in terms ofF

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%.1 ustomers. #ales clerk value most their relationship with their customers because they are the source of their and the company-s income which got the highest weighted mean of =.1C of @.&&.

%.% olleagues. #ales clerks- re lationship with their colleagues got the lowest weighted mean of 8.=> out of @.&&.

%.' #uperiors. #ocial approval needs from sales clerks- superior got a total weighted mean of 8.C= out of @.&&.

%#

%# he level of selfesteem of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #tore in terms of their relationship withF

'.1 hemselves. he statement which states about the sales clerk performance and perception regarding themselves got the highest weighted mean of =.11 out of @.&&. '.% Others. #ales clerks- le vel of selfesteem when it comes to their relationship with

others e.g. customers, colleagues and superiors, got a total weighted mean of 8.A> out of @.&&.

&#

&# he level of 2ob performance of sales clerk of #tar <all-s 5obinson-s *epartment #tore in terms ofF

8.1 ustomers. "s social approval from the customers is the highest need of sales clerk, they tend to give a better 2ob performance when it comes to their customers. his is what they value most in their 2ob.

8.% olleagues. #ales clerks tend to be independent while on duty so advices of colleagues are not taken that seriously as it also had the lowest mean of '.8' out of 8.&&.

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8.' #uperiors. hough social appro val needs from the customers is the most valuable, guidance of the superiors are also supposed to noted and remembered as they know what a sales clerk should do.

'#

'# #elfesteem significantly mediates the relationship between social approval and 2ob performance because their significant value is .&&& and that for every one percent $1K( increase in social approval, there is a predicted &.@%% increase in selfesteem and &.1>1 increase in 2ob performance.

Conclusion Conclusion

0ased on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawnF

1#

1# *emographic /rofile of the 5espondents. <ost of the respondents were aging from twenty $%&( to forty $8&( years old because sales field tend to hire more contractual employees than performance in order to lessen the cost if the

company and to have a large number of staffs that have e9perienced working at their companies. #ales clerk aging from twenty $%&( to forty $8&( years are at the stage where they start prioriti;ing their relationships and interactions outside the family.

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$#

$# +evel of #ocial "pproval 3eeds. he most valued social approval need is from sales clerks- relationship with their customers. #ales clerks- selfesteem tend to decrease when being neglected, re2ected and ignored by the customers.

%#

%# +evel of #elfesteem. #ales clerk of #tar mall-s 5obinson- department store have a high level of selfesteem that comes from themselves. hey like their 2ob and en2oys what they are doing and also their interactions with others e.g. customers, colleagues and superiors. &#

&# +evel of 4ob /erformance. Having a high self esteem makes the sales clerk demonstrate a good 2ob performance because as selfesteem increases, 2ob performance also increases. It also states that whenever an employee en2oys and likes what s!he is doing, s!he will perform better.

'#

'# #elfesteem significantly mediates the relationship between social approval and 2ob performance because as social approval