A+ 220-1002
Domain 1.0 Operating Systems
1.0 Operating Systems
• Compare and contrast common operating system types and their purposes
• Compare and contrast features of Microsoft Windows versions
• Summarize general OS installation considerations and upgrade methods
• Given a scenario, use appropriate Microsoft command line tools
• Given a scenario, use Microsoft operating system features and tools
• Given a scenario, use Microsoft Windows Control Panel utilities
• Summarize application installation and configuration concepts
• Given a scenario, configure Microsoft Windows networking on a client/desktop
• Given a scenario, use features and tools of the Mac OS and Linux
client/desktop operating systems
Domain 1.1
Compare and contrast common operating system types and their purposes
Domain 1.1
• 32 bit vs 64 bit
• Workstation Operating Systems
• Cellphone and Tablet Operating Systems
• Vendor-specific Limitations
• Compatibility concerns between operating systems
32-bit vs 64-bit
• Think of lanes on a highway allowing vehicles to travel
• More lanes > more cars > more traffic
• RAM Limitations
• 32 bit has address space of up to 4GB
• 64 bit has address space over 4GB
• Depends on the operating system
• For example Windows 2016 datacenter can support 24 TB but Windows 7 Enterprise supports 192 GB
Software Compatibility
• For software to work properly, you will want to use the version of software that is the same as your operating system
• 32 bit for 32 bit
• 64 bit for 64 bit
• Usually a 32 bit piece of software will run on a 64-bit OS
• Might not have the same reliability and security
Workstation Operating Systems
• Microsoft Windows
• We live in a Windows world
• Most popular desktop/laptop operating system
• Easy to use for most
• User friendly
• Graphical User Interface
• Icons and windows
• Compatible with most software available today
• Compatible with most hardware available today
• Not free
Workstation Operating Systems
• Apple Macintosh OS
• Mac OSx
• Easy to use for most
• User friendly
• GUI
• Not free
• Not compatible with other hardware
• Runs proprietary software
Workstation Operating Systems
• Linux
• Open source and free
• Most
• Not as easy to use for beginners
• Making it better with different distros
• Ubuntu
• Many different flavors or distros
• Can be GUI or text based
• Most are free to share, change and use
• Can run into some compatibility issues
Cellphone/Tablet Operating Systems
• Microsoft Windows
• Android
• iOS
• Chrome OS
MS Windows
• Not really a thing anymore
• Microsoft has stopped selling an OS for mobile devices like phones and tablets
• Still supports Windows 10 phones
• Not free
• Less than half a percent market share
• Has many of the bells and whistles an android or iOS has
• 32 bit architecture
Android
• Google’s baby
• THE mobile operating system in the world
• At least right now
• Based off Linux
• Still open source/free
• Can develop apps for the platform
• Google Play Store or anywhere
• 32 and 64 bit architecture
iOS
• Apple’s baby
• 2
ndmost popular mobile operating system
• Based off Mac OS and Darwin
• Not free - proprietary
• Can develop apps for the platform
• Has to go through iTunes
• 64 bit architecture
Chrome OS
• Another Google baby
• Mainly for web based applications
• For devices like Chromebooks
• Not open source
• Do have chromium OS
• Based off of Linux
• 32 bit and 64 bit architecture
Vendor-Specific Limitations
• End-of-life
• Most operating systems have an end of life in the Microsoft and Mac world
• They come out with newer, better, faster and more secure operating systems every other year or so it seems
• Most OSs will have their end of life displayed on their website
• Each one is a little different and different per customer as well
• Commercial versions of Linux can have end of life as well
• Redhat
• Most free distros are as good as the support goes
Vendor-Specific Limitations
• Update limitations
• When you are past your end of life cycle, most updates from the vendor will no longer be available
• Some customers pay for extended support allowing updates to continue
Compatibility concerns between operating systems
• Concerns can be software and hardware based
• 32 bit vs 64 bit
• Other operating systems software isn’t straight compatible with others
• Apple to MS to Linux and every combination
• Doesn’t mean that application doesn’t have the right version
• Can’t take one install and move it to another system
• Drivers are another piece of software this isn’t compatible – make
sure you get the correct one for your operating system
End of Domain 1.1
Compare and contrast common operating system types and their purposes
Domain 1.2
Compare and contrast features of Microsoft Windows versions
Windows 7
• Minimum Requirements
• CPU 1Ghz
• Hard Drive 16 – 20GB
• RAM 1 – 2GB
• Graphics DirectX9 with WDDM 1.0 or higher
• Stuck to traditional “Windows” style desktop
• Improved security and speed over previous Windows versions
• Very stable and popular
Windows 8
• Minimum Requirements
• CPU 1Ghz
• Hard Drive 16 – 20GB
• RAM 1 – 2GB
• Graphics DirectX 9 with WDDM
• Designed for touchscreen interaction
• Better ARM support so not just for PCs
Windows 8.1
• Minimum Requirements
• CPU 1Ghz
• Hard Drive 16 – 20GB
• RAM 1 – 2GB
• Graphics DirectX 9 with WDDM
• Designed for touchscreen interaction
• Better ARM support so not just for PCs
Windows 10
• Minimum Requirements
• CPU 1Ghz
• Hard Drive 16 – 20GB
• RAM 1 – 2GB
• Graphics DirectX 9 with WDDM
• Designed for touchscreen and mouse/pointer interaction
• New features added to Cortana: asking it about meetings, flight information and more, directly from the lock screen
• Ink API added – that means that Stylus users don’t need anymore to come up with their handwriting and gesture algorithms because they can work directly into their apps
• Edge extensions – now, the browser can be customized with extensions like
Chrome or Firefox (still better that IE from Windows 7)
Corporate vs. Personal Needs
• Domain Access
• Domain vs workgroup
• DC and servers
• BitLocker
• For security
• Not available in all versions of Windows
• Can be used in either area
Corporate vs. Personal Needs
• Media Center
• No longer in Windows 10
• Used to play various media (video, audio, etc…)
• BranchCache
• More of a corporate need for VPNs
• EFS
• Encrypting File System can be used in either area
• Dependent on the version of Windows
Desktop Styles / User Interface
• Mentioned this briefly before, but Windows 7 was a more traditional desktop UI
• Windows 8 and 8.1 was more geared for touchscreen interactions
• Touchscreen laptops and mobile devices
• Windows 10 took the best of both worlds and combined
• Touchscreen/stylus support with mouse control and the ability to have a traditional desktop look if desired
End of Domain 1.2
Compare and contrast features of Microsoft Windows versions
Domain 1.3
Summarize general OS installation considerations and upgrade methods
Boot Methods
• Can modify your boot options in the BIOS as we discussed in Core 1
• Get into setup and modify the boot order
• Can boot from the following
• Optical disc (CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray)
• External drive/flash drive (USB/eSATA)
• Network boot (PXE)
• Internal fixed disk (HDD/SSD)
• Internal hard drive (partition)
Types of Installations
• Unattended installation
• In-place upgrade
• Clean install
• Repair installation
• Multiboot
• Remote network installation
• Image deployment
• Recovery partition
• Refresh/restore
Unattended Installation
• You don’t need to be on-site with the device
• At least not the entire time
• Someone has to get the process started
• Need a device like a thumb drive with an answer file
• Once you run the installation media the answer file on the USB drive will provide what the installation program needs
• Date/Time
• Machine Name
• Addressing
• Domain / Workgroup
In-Place Upgrade
• Not the cleanest or recommended way of performing an upgrade
• Windows 7 to 8.1 or 10 for example
• Best to do a clean install
• Keeps all your settings and data
• Put in the disk/drive/etc… and run the setup.exe file
Clean Install
• Great way to “rebuild” a system
• Removes all settings and files from the drive and completely reinstalls the operating system
• If data is stored on a separate drive this works great
• Recommend this at least once a year if not a couple
• Depending on what you do with the system
Repair Installation
• Maybe something has gone wrong with the operating system
• Changed a system setting
• Bad installation / removal of an application
• Malware
• You can put in the original media for the OS and try a repair option during boot
• Windows RE
Multiboot
• If you don’t want to use virtualization or can’t for whatever reason, you can multiboot your system
• Can literally boot into different operating systems and provide the choices at boot time
Remote Network Installation
• This time of installation takes most of the preparation work
• Need a server to push an image to the device
• Usually over the network connections
• PXE boot
• Need a server in place for addressing
• BOOTP / DHCP
• Have to setup the addressing prior
• MAC > IP Address
Image Deployment
• Images can be used from different locations
• We just saw how to do a remote network install that pushes an image across the network
• We can deploy images locally to with unattended or attended installations
• Can use programs like Windows Deployment Services (WDS), Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit and Active Directory (Windows ADK) and User State Migration Tool (USMT)
• Use the WIM file created and add your own information
• Using Sysprep
Recovery Partition
• This is an area of the hard drive set aside to hold files that can be used to recover the operating system in the event of a failure
• If you don’t have the original media anymore
Refresh / Restore
• Refreshing is a way to get the system back into the condition it was when you took it out of the box…sorta
• Will keep all your data and settings
• Will refresh the applications and operating system
• Restoring allows us to keep what we want by going back to an earlier
build of the system
* End of part 1
Partitioning
• Partitioning is a way of breaking up the disk, in a logical manner
• Creating one or more regions on a hard disk so we can determine where the operating system and data can be managed and
accessed
• Dynamic
• Basic
• Primary
• Extended
• Logical
• GPT
Dynamic
• It can hold simple volumes, spanned volumes, mirrored volumes, and striped volumes
• With dynamic storage, you can perform disk and volume
management without having to restart the operating system
Basic
• Basic storage uses normal partition tables supported by all versions of Windows, MS-DOS and Windows NT based systems
• A disk initialized for basic storage is called a basic disk
• It can hold primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical drives
Primary
• The primary partition is the partition and houses the system and boot partition areas
• Where the boot information is kept and where the operating system is kept respectively
• Without a primary partition the system would not know where or
how to boot properly
Extended
• The hard disk may contain only one extended partition, but that extended partition can be subdivided into multiple logical partitions
• DOS/Windows systems may then assign a unique drive letter to each
logical partition
Logical
• Also called logical partition
• A volume created within an extended partition on a basic disk
• A logical drive can be formatted and assigned a drive letter, but
cannot host an operating system
GPT
• GUID Partition Table
• A basic disk using the GPT partition style can have up to 128 primary partitions, while dynamic disks will have a single LDM, Logical Disk Manager, partition as with MBR partitioning
• Because basic disks using GPT partitioning do not limit you to four partitions, you do not need to create extended partitions or logical drives
• Allows partitions larger than 2 terabytes
File System Types/ Formatting
• ExFAT
• Extended File Allocation Table
• Choice for flash drives that need to hold lots of data
• FAT32
• 4GB file limit size
• Okay for flash drives, especially if using in different systems (linux vs PC)
• NTFS
• New Technology File System
• De facto Standard for MS OS right now
• Compression, Encryption and permissions
File System Types/ Formatting
• CDFS
• Compact Disc File System
• NFS
• Network File System
• Distributed file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1984, allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a computer network much like local storage is accessed
File System Types/ Formatting
• ext3, ext4
• Linux file systems
• Supports huge individual file size and overall file system size
• Maximum individual file size can be from 16 GB to 16 TB
• Overall maximum ext4 file system size is 1 EB (exabyte), 1 EB = 1024 PB (petabyte), 1 PB = 1024 TB (terabyte)
• Directory can contain a maximum of 64,000 subdirectories (as opposed to 32,000 in ext3)
File System Types/ Formatting
• HFS
• Hierarchical File System
• Older file system for Apple computers
• Replaced with HFS+ and now Apple File System (APFS)
• Swap partition
• Logical place on a hard drive where Linux uses to increase the amount of virtual memory available to a host
File System Types/ Formatting
• Quick Format vs Full Format
• When you choose to run a Full Format on a volume (or partition), files are removed from the volume that you are formatting and the hard disk is scanned for bad sectors
• The scan for bad sectors is responsible for the majority of the time that it takes to format a volume
• When you choose to run a Quick Format on a volume (or partition), format removes files from the partition, but does not scan the disk for bad sectors
• Only use this option if your hard disk has been previously formatted and you are sure that your hard disk is not damaged
* End of part 2
Load alternate third-party drivers when necessary
• Sometimes you might have to
load drivers during installation
so you can use the hardware in
question
Workgroup vs. Domain setup
• Workgroups are groupings of systems to share resources
• No central controller
• Peer to peer networking
• Domains are groups of systems to share resources as well
• Centralized System or controller
• Authentication and Authorization
• Client – Server relationship
Time/date/region/language settings
• During the initial setup you will be asked about Regional Settings for Windows
• You select your keyboard layout, language and
date/time settings
Driver installation, software, and Windows updates
• We have mentioned driver installation, but towards the conclusion of the installation of Windows, the operating system will try to reach out to the MS servers
• Trying to get the latest and greatest updates for your system
Factory recovery partition
• The recovery partition mentioned earlier, is actually put there as part of the installation process
• The system admin or technician doesn’t need to configure or do anything really to get that recovery partition
• Just a regular installation of Windows will do it
Properly formatted boot drive with the correct partitions/format
• A new hard drive out of the box will have to have a full, clean format, with at least 1 partition that can have the system and boot partitions
• This allows the system to find the operating system and actually load it into RAM for the system to function properly
• Remember, we can have multiple partitions but must have the system
and boot partitions
Prerequisites/hardware compatibility
• Prior to installation of any operating system and application software, I would always check the system requirements
• Software and hardware requirements
• Min RAM, HD space, CPU cycles, etc…
• You can lookup the requirements and compatibility on each vendors website
• Microsoft, Linux distro or Max OS X
Application compatibility
• Kinda touched on this as well when we mentioned 32 bit vs 64 bit operating systems
• Applications have to match
• Also make sure you are installation the correct version for an application
• Mac for a Mac system, Windows for Windows, etc…
OS compatibility/upgrade path
• When upgrading, sometimes you have to go in order
• Windows Vista > Win 7 > Win 8.1 > Win 10
• Sometimes you can’t
• On the next slide is a graphic I found from Tech Journey that lays out
the upgrade paths for Windows
OS compatibility/upgrade path
End of Domain 1.3
Summarize general OS installation considerations and upgrade methods
Domain 1.4
Given a scenario, use appropriate Microsoft command line tools
Navigation
• Dir
• Directory
• Cd
• Change Directory
• .. (dot dot)
• Go back a level
Ipconfig
• Allows us to see our network settings
• IP, Subnet Mask, Gateway
• Can be used with /all to get
more details
Ping
• Allows us to test connectivity to the remote end
Tracert
• Allows us to trace the path the packets took and how long to get to the distant end
• Same command as traceroute in cisco routers/switches
netstat
• This utility allows us to see all the TCP and UDP connections to our
system
nslookup
• DNS utility built into the command prompt/shell of windows
shutdown
• This command will present the user with options to shutdown the system or restart
• Can use parameters for timing and authentication as well
dism
• Deployment Image Servicing and Management
• Command-line tool that is used to mount and service Windows images before deployment
• DISM image management commands to mount and get information about Windows image (.wim) files or virtual hard disks (VHD)
• Capture, split, and otherwise manage .wim files
• Can use DISM to install, uninstall, configure, and update Windows
features, packages, drivers, and international settings in a .wim file or
VHD using the DISM servicing commands
sfc
• System File Checker
• Utility in Microsoft Windows that allows users to scan for and restore corruptions in Windows system files
• If you are running Windows 10, Windows 8.1 or Windows 8, first run the inbox Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool prior to running the System File Checker
• DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
• Then type the below at an elevated command prompt
• Sfc /scannow
chkdsk
• Check Disk
• Run from elevated command prompt
• Checks the file system and file system metadata of a volume for logical and physical errors
• If used without parameters, chkdsk displays only the status of the volume and does not fix any errors
• If used with the /f, /r, /x, or /b parameters, it fixes errors on the volume.
diskpart
• Disk Partition
• DiskPart commands help you to manage your PC's drives (disks, partitions, volumes, or virtual hard disks)
• Before you can use DiskPart commands, you must first list, and then select an object to give it focus
• When an object has focus, any DiskPart commands that you type will act on that object
• Need an elevated prompt
• Admin permissions
taskkill
• Ends one or more tasks or processes
• Processes can be ended by process ID or image name
• Elevated prompt
• Use Tasklist first to get a listing of all the background processes
* end of part 1
gpupdate
• Group Policy Update
• Forces a system to go out and retrieve the latest group policy updates from a domain controller
• Have to be part of a domain for this to have an effect
gpresult
• Group Policy Result
• Command-line tool that shows the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP) for a user or computer based on applied Group Policy settings
• To use RSoP reporting for remotely targeted computers through the firewall, you must have firewall rules that enable inbound network traffic on the ports
format
• Prepares the disk for use
• Applies a file system to the drive
• Usually we format a drive prior to use
• Installing an OS or using for data storage
• C:/format d:
copy
• Copying data from one location to the next
• copy one.doc two.doc
• Copy a file called one.doc to two.doc in the current drive
xcopy
• Copies files and directories, including subdirectories
• xcopy a: b: /s /e
• Copy all the files and subdirectories (including any empty subdirectories) from drive A to drive B
robocopy
• Robocopy, or "Robust File Copy", is a command-line directory and/or file replication command
• Replaces Xcopy, with more options
• Syntax
• robocopy <Source> <Destination> [<File>[ ...]] [<Options>]
Net use
• The net use command is a Command Prompt command that's used to connect to, remove, and configure connections to shared resources, like mapped drives
and network printers
Net user
• The net user command is used to add, remove, and make changes to
the user accounts on a computer, all from the Command Prompt
Using help or the ?
• Life saver!!
• Type a command
then /? or use Help
Commands available with standard privileges vs. administrative privileges
• As I have mentioned in a couple examples, sometimes to get things
“done” you have to have elevated or admin privileges
• The utility or command won’t be able to manipulate the system properly without the permissions
End of Domain 1.4
Given a scenario, use appropriate Microsoft command line tools
Domain 1.5
Given a scenario, use Microsoft operating system features and tools
Administrative features/tools
• Computer Management
• Device Manager
• Local Users and Groups
• Local Security Policy
• Performance Monitor
• Services
• System Configuration
• Task Scheduler
• Component Services
• Data Sources
• Print Management
• Windows Memory Diagnostics
• Windows Firewall
• Advanced Security
• Event Viewer
• User Account Management
Computer Management
• One stop shop for your system information
• At least a great place to start
• Actually an MMC snap-in
• Right click start and
select computer management
Device Manager
• Place to see how the hardware is doing
• Missing something like a driver
• Corrupt or non-working device
• Is the device missing all together
• Right click start and
select Device Manager
Local Users and Groups
• Can access this through Computer Management
• Allows you to create and/or delete local users on the
system
Local Security Policy
• Like a group policy we
mentioned earlier, but only applies to THIS machine
• To open Local Security Policy, on the Start screen, type
secpol.msc, and then press
ENTER
Performance Monitor
• Allows you to see a graphical
representation of how your
system is performing using
graphs
Services
• Gives you a list of all the
services running on the
system
System Configuration
• The System Configuration tool is also known by its msconfig.exe executable file
• This app is useful to people who
want to manage the Windows
startup and the boot options,
as well as troubleshoot stability
and performance issues
Task Scheduler
• Enables you to automatically perform routine tasks on a chosen computer
• The Task Scheduler does this by monitoring whatever criteria you choose to initiate the tasks
(referred to as triggers) and then executing the tasks when the criteria is met
*end of part 1
Component Services
• You can use the Component Services snap-in in Microsoft Management Console (MMC) to
configure and administer
Component Object Model (COM)
components, COM+ applications,
and the Distributed Transaction
Coordinator (DTC)
Data Sources
• The Microsoft ODBC Data Source Administrator
manages database drivers
and data sources
Print Management
• Manages local print jobs on the system
Windows Memory Diagnostics
• If your Windows machine is regularly crashing, freezing, or giving you
the dreaded blue screen of death, it could have defective physical
memory
Windows Firewall
• Filtering that traffic coming into or leaving your system
• Windows Defender Firewall
Advanced Security
• A step up from the Windows Defender Firewall settings
• More granular and more control this way
Event Viewer
• Event viewer is how we view some logs on a Windows machine
• System, Security and Application Logs
User Account Management
• For user account management, you can use the local users and computers snap-in we discussed earlier
• As long as it’s a stand alone, workgroup, computer
• If it’s a domain computer then the user accounts are managed on a centralized, domain controller somewhere in the infrastructure
*end of part 2
MSConfig
• General
• Boot
• Services
• Startup
• Tools
Task Manager
• Applications
• Processes
• Performance
• Networking
• Users
Disk Management
• Drive status
• Mounting
• Initializing
• Extending partitions
• Splitting partitions
• Shrink partitions
• Assigning/changing drive letters
• Adding drives
• Adding arrays
• Storage spaces
Disk Management
• Your one stop shop for all thing Disk related
(pretty much)
• Most you can do on an elevated command prompt
• Just move forgiving?
Disk Management
• Adding Drives
• Once you physically add a drive to a system, Disk management should find the drive
• If not, first check the BIOS settings, then you can rescan for disks in disk management
• If Disk Management cannot find or see the drive it’s a hardware or driver issue usually
• Adding Arrays
• Can use Storage Spaces with Parity or Mirroring
• Software array
Disk Management
• Storage Spaces
• You can use Storage Spaces to group two or more drives together in a storage pool and then use capacity from that pool to create virtual drives called storage spaces
• These storage spaces
typically store two copies of your data so if one of your drives fails, you still have an intact copy of your data
*end of part 3
System Utilities
• Regedit
• Command
• Services.msc
• MMC
• MSTSC
• Notepad
• Explorer
• Msinfo32
• DxDiag
• Disk Defragmenter
• System Restore
• Windows Update
System Utilities
• Regedit
• Allows you to make changes to the system registry
• Command
• Takes you to the command prompt for text commands
• Services.msc
• Takes you to the services MMC snap-in
• MMC
• Microsoft Management Console
System Utilities
• MSTSC (terminal services)
• Sets up a remote desktop connection
• Notepad
• Built in utility for simple word processing
• Explorer
• Windows Explorer allows you to manipulate files and folders in the windows environment
• MsInfo32
• Gives you all the system information about the current device you are on
System Utilities
• DxDiag
• Diagnostics tool used to test DirectX functionality and troubleshoot video- or sound-related hardware problems
• Disk Defragmenter
• Used to rearrange a fragmented disk
• System Restore
• Lets you do is revert to a previous software, registry, and driver configuration called a restore point
• Windows Update
End of Domain 1.5
Given a scenario, use Microsoft operating system features and tools
Domain 1.6
Given a scenario, use Microsoft Windows Control Panel utilities
Internet Options
• Connections
• Security
• General
• Privacy
• Programs
• Advanced
Display/Display Settings
• Resolution
• Size on the screen (1280 x 720)
• Color Depth
• Refresh Rate
• 50Mhz, 60Mhz, 120Mhz
User Accounts
• You can create local user accounts from the control panel as well, not
just in Local Users and Computers snap-in
Folder Options
• View Hidden files
• Hide extensions
• General options
• View options
System
• Performance
• Remote Settings
• System Protection
Windows Firewall
• Windows Defender Firewall
Power Options
• Hibernate
• Power Plans
• Sleep/Suspend
• Standby
Credential Manager
• Local, secure, location for saved username/passwords for websites or
local resources
Programs and Features
• What all is installed on this system
HomeGroup
• No longer in Windows 10
• A homegroup is a group of PCs on a home network that can share files and printers
• Using a homegroup makes sharing easier
• You can share pictures, music, videos, documents, and printers with other people in your homegroup
• After you create or join a homegroup, you select the libraries (for example, My Pictures or My Documents) that you want to share
• You can prevent specific files or folders from being shared, and you
can share additional libraries later
Devices and Printers
• All the goodies attached to your system
• Keyboard, Monitors, etc…
Sound
• Self explanatory on this one maybe?
Troubleshooting
Network and Sharing Center
• Viewing and adjusting our network settings
• IP, Mask, Gateway, Sharing, etc…
Device Manager
• Looking at all the hardware we have on the system
Bitlocker
• Encryption and protection
Sync Center
• Allows you to keep information in sync between your computer and Files stored in folders on network servers
• These are called offline files
because you can access them
even when your computer or
the server is not connected
to the network
End of Domain 1.6
Given a scenario, use Microsoft Windows Control Panel utilities
Domain 1.7
Summarize application installation and configuration concepts
System Requirements
• Drive Space
• Need to make sure you have enough space on the partition/hard disk before installing software
• Be mindful of not just the software space, but the space that will be used saving files from the application
• CAD, Graphic Design, etc… pretty large files
• RAM
• Always check the amount of available RAM for your application
• Don’t just say, “Oh, I have 8 gigs of RAM, I’m good”
OS Requirements
• Compatibility
• Make sure you have the correct version of applications prior to installation or better, download
• Linux for Linux
• Mac for Mac
• Windows for Windows
Methods of Installation and Deployment
• Local (CD/USB)
• Directly in front of the system to install
• All files are local and present
• Network-based
• If we have network connectivity to the server
• Retrieve the files through browsing or direct link
• Might be a combo where you run a file locally that will then pull the files from a network share to complete the installation
Local User Permissions
• Folder/File Access for Installation
• Without the proper authorization, users may not be able to access certain files or folders
• Access control
• Would prevent some installations without administrative privileges
• Either run the installation as Admin or login with an admin account
Security Considerations
• Impact to device
• New users? What permissions do they have?
• Resources at their limits?
• Physical access?
• Impact to network
• How much traffic does this generate?
• Who has access to this remotely? Local or Global?
• Public facing?
End of Domain 1.7
Summarize application installation and configuration concepts
Domain 1.8
Given a scenario, configure Microsoft Windows networking on a client/desktop
Homegroup vs Workgroup
• Homegroups are still in Windows 7, but not 8.1 and 10
• Homegroups usually protected with a password to join, then once you join you can share resources, music, videos, pics, documents, printers
• Workgroups don’t require passwords, just same network subnet
Domain Setup
• In order to have a domain setup, we will need a domain controller somewhere on the infrastructure
• Then we can join the domain as long as we know the name of the domain and have credentials to join
• An account that is created on the domain controller
Network Shares/Administrative Shares/Mapping Drives
• If you want to share some data on your system with others, you can setup a network share
• Administrative shares are there by default with the OS installation
• C$ for example
• Might hear this called a hidden share
• If you want to connect to a remote share, and have that connection
each time you reboot, mapping a drive to the rescue
Printer Sharing vs Network Printer Mapping
• Sharing our printer isn’t too complicated and it’s very popular for home use
• Printer is directly connected to a computer; the computer processes all the print jobs and then sends them to the printer
• Network printers are directly connected to the network
• Have their own IP and NIC
• In order for computers to print to this server, they will need the drivers and network information
Establish Networking Connections
• VPN
• Virtual Private Network
• Dial-ups
• Wireless
• Wired
• WWAN (Cellular)
Proxy Settings
• A proxy is a device that works on others’ behalf
• You will need to configure your system
to use the proxy server, sometimes you
must to get internet connectivity
Remote Desktop Connection
• Remote desktop connections can be life savers for system/network admins
• Allows you to have a connection to another system, but it looks like you are sitting right in front of the remote system
• Mstsc.exe
Remote Assistance
• Remote assistance can be nice for help desk analyst or technicians
• The distance end can send an invitation for help and you can then remotely view or control their system
to help troubleshoot
• You might be the one sending the
invitations for help as well, it can go
either way in Windows
Home vs. Work vs. Public Network Settings
Firewall Settings
• Exceptions
• Configuration
• Enabling/Disabling
Windows Firewall
Configuring an Alternative IP Address in Windows
• IP Address
• Subnet Mask
• DNS
• Gateway
• Control Panel>Network and Internet
>Network Connections
Network Card Properties
• Half Duplex / Full Duplex / Auto
• Speed
• Wake on LAN
• QoS
• BIOS (on-board NIC)
End of Domain 1.8
Given a scenario, configure Microsoft Windows networking on a client/desktop
Domain 1.9
Given a scenario, use features and tools of the Mac OS and Linux client/desktop operating systems
Best Practices
• Scheduled Backups
• Scheduled Disk Maintenance
• System Updates / App Store
• Patch Management
• Driver / Firmware Updates
• Antivirus / Anti-Malware Updates
Scheduled Backups
• Launch the Automator from your Applications Folder
• Type in “Get Specified Finder Items”, and hit the Return key twice
• Click on the Add button, and select your files or folders that you want to have backed up
• Type in “Copy Finder Items”, and hit the Return key twice
• Click on the pulldown next to To: and choose Other… Then, select the destination folder to tell Automator where to put the files when the files are copied
• Click Run button on upper-right of the app window to test out your
Automator script
Scheduled Disk Maintenance
• Disk maintenance is never a bad thing
• Apple’s disk Utility can do basic directory maintenance
• Defragmentation is a good idea every so often as well
System Updates / App Store
• From System Preferences > Software Update
• Click, Check for Updates
• Can select frequency from drop down box (Daily, Weekly)
• While there, select the
Down updates automatically
Patch Management
• Can perform patches with the steps from the previous slide to update the software
• You can also you any of the dozens of available 3
rdparty tools on the market to perform patch management
• Scan, inventory and update software for you automatically
Driver / Firmware Updates
• Choose Apple key > Software Update to see if an EFI update is available for your computer
• Can simply search online for the firmware file needed
• Downloading the .dmg file for installation on your Mac
Antivirus / Anti-Malware Updates
• The running joke is that Macs don’t need anti malware, and while it’s true they aren’t as susceptible as a windows machine, things can still happen
• I recommend 3
rdparty apps for protection against the unknown
Tools
• Backup / Time Machine
• Restore / Snapshot
• Image Recovery
• Disk Maintenance Utilities
• Shell / Terminal
• Screen Sharing
• Force Quit
Backup / Time Machine
• A built-in backup application used to keep an up-to-date copy of all of
the files on your Mac
Restore / Snapshot
Tools
• Image Recovery
• Recovering an entire image is usually a larger file size than the snapshots you can take
• Disk Maintenance Utilities
• There are different tools available to use, but some of the more important ones on Linux would be du which checks disk space, df to see how much space is free and fsck to check and repair the disk
• Shell / Terminal
• The command line for Linux and Mac
• Mac, Applications > Utilities > Terminal
Screen Sharing
• Built in feature for Mac and allows you to share your screen with others
• Can share just the view or control as well
• VNC installed
Force Quit
• Sometimes an application might start misbehaving and you have to close it down
• Force Quit allows us to make that
application close so we can restart
or try again or fix any issue
Features
• Multiple Desktops / Mission Control
• Mission control key on an apple keyboard or click the Mission Control icon in the Dock
• Key Chain
• Password management system for Apple
• Stores PWs from websites, applications, Wi-Fi and servers
• Spot Light
• Magnifying glass icon in the upper-right corner
Features
• iCloud
• Backups, organization, updating devices and systems
• Gestures
• You can change or tweak the way you interact with the device
• Swiping, pinching, etc…
• Finder
• Think Windows Explorer
• Browse through files, folders and disks on the device
Features
• Remote Disc
• Allows you to access a remote CD/DVD in another machine
• Dock
• The grouping of icons, usually at the bottom of the screen, that allows quick access to applications
• Boot Camp
• Allows multiboot situations on Mac hardware
Basic Linux Commands
• ls
• Display the contents of a directory
• grep
• Search for regular expressions in a text file
• cd
• Change the current directory
• shutdown
• Shut down the system
Basic Linux Commands
• pwd vs passwd
• Print working directory vs change the password
• mv
• Rename a file and move the file from one directory to another
• cp
• Copy Files
• rm
• Delete files (remove)
Basic Linux Commands
• chmod
• Change file permissions
• chown
• Change the file owner and group
• iwconfig/ifconfig
• View and change information related to the networking configs
• iwconfig is for wireless
• ps
• Display a list of currently running processes
Basic Linux Commands
• su/sudo
• Start a new shell as another user (Super users)
• Run a command as another user
• apt-get
• Download files from a repository
• vi
• Stare the visual file editor
Basic Linux Commands
• dd
• Copy blocks of data from one file to another
• kill
• If you want or need to terminate/stop a particular process running on the system
• Used with PID numbers
End of Domain 1.9 and all 1.x
Given a scenario, use features and tools of the Mac OS and Linux client/desktop operating systems
