Matter All matter has two things in common: mass and volume
Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom - The smallest particle of matter that has the properties of that matter.
Molecule - A single particle of matter that is made up of two or more atoms joined together.
3 States of Matter – solid, liquid, and gas Mass – the amount of matter in an object.
The heavier an object , the more mass – and more matter.
Volume - The amount of space that matter takes up Weight – the measure of the pull of gravity on an object
Physical Properties - those characteristics that can be seen or measured without changing the material Ex: color, density, shape, texture, luster
Chemical Properties - characteristics of matter that can be observed only when
matter is changed into a new kind of matter. Cooking describes a chemical change to the properties in food when heated. Ex: ability to burn, rust, tarnish, or explode.
Matter
All matter has two things in common: _______________________________
and __________________________
Matter – _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Atom – _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Molecule - _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3 States of Matter – _____________________ _______________________
__________________________________
Mass – _________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
The heavier an object , the more mass – and more matter.
Volume – _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Weight - ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Physical Properties - ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Ex: ________________________, ___________________________,
____________________, ______________________, ______________________
Chemical Properties - _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Cooking describes a chemical change to the
properties in food when heated. Ex: ability to _______________, _______________, _____________________, or _____________________________
The States of Matter
Solid Matter – a solid is matter that has a definite shape and volume.
o Solid matter keeps its shape
o Particles in a solid are packed closely together.
o The particles can only vibrate, or move back and forth, in a very small space.
Liquid Matter – matter that has a definite shape o Liquids take the shape of their containers
o Particles in a liquid are father apart and move faster than those in a liquid.
o The particles can move past each other.
Gas Matter – matter that has no definite shape or volume.
o A gas spreads out to fill its container.
o Particles in a gas are father apart and move faster than particles in solids and liquids.
o As the particles move, they spread out in all directions and fill their container.
All matter is made up of tiny particles you cannot see.
Even though scientists cannot see the particles, they know the particles are always moving.
They are 109 basic kinds of matter, called elements.
Element – a material made up of 1 kind of matter.
Elements are made up of very tiny particles called atoms.
Atom – is the smallest part of an element that has the same properties as the element.
When scientist studies matter and its changes, they record their observations using chemical symbols.
Chemical Symbol – one of two letters that stand for the name of the element.
Element and Symbol Element and Symbol
Oxygen – O Iron – FE
Hydrogen – H Gold – Au
Iodine – I Helium - He
The States of Matter
Matter can change from one state to another through heat energy.
Energy – the ability to cause change.
Energy is also needed to change how fast something is moving.
The States of Matter
Solid Matter – _______________________________________________________________________________
o Solid matter keeps its _________________________
o Particles in a solid are packed _______________________ together.
o The particles can only vibrate, or move back and forth, in a very small space.
Liquid Matter – ______________________________________________________________________________
o Liquids take the _________________ of their containers
o Particles in a liquid are father apart and move __________________ than those in a liquid.
o The particles can move past each other.
Gas Matter – _______________________________________________________________________________
o A gas spreads out to fill its _____________________________.
o Particles in a gas are father apart and move _____________________ than particles in solids and liquids.
o As the particles move, they spread out in all directions and fill their container.
All matter is made up of tiny particles you ________________________ see.
Even though scientists cannot see the particles, they know the particles are ______________________ moving.
They are 109 basic kinds of matter, called _________________________.
Element – a material made up of 1 kind of _________________________.
Elements are made up of very tiny particles called _________________________.
Atom – is the smallest part of an element that has the same properties as the element.
When scientist studies matter and its changes, they record their observations using chemical _______________.
Chemical Symbol – one of two letters that stand for the name of the element.
Element and Symbol Element and Symbol
Oxygen – O Iron – FE
Hydrogen – H Gold – Au
Iodine – I Helium - He
Changing in States of Matter
Matter can change from one state to another through heat energy.
Energy – The ability to cause change.
Energy is also needed to change how fast something is moving.
The State of Matter Can Change
The particles of matter are always moving. If the motion of the particles is changed, a cange in the state of matter can happen.
Examples:
o Frozen juice bar can change from a solid to a liquid if heat energy is added.
o The liquid juice can change form liquid to solid when put into a freezer and heat energy is taken away.
o A puddle can dry up on a warm day when heat energy is added.
As something gets hotter it will change from a solid to a liquid to a gas.
Freezing
Freezing – when something goes from a liquid to a solid.
Once condensation occurs, suppose that more energy is taken away from the liquid. The particles in a liquid will slow down and move closer together. If the particles lose enough energy, the liquid will begin to freeze.
Melting
The change of a state from a solid to a liquid.
As the particles in the solid speed up, they move farther apart. If the particles gain enough energy, the particles have enough room to slide past each other and the matter begins to melt
Evaporation
The change of a state from a liquid to a gas
When heat is added to a solid such as ice the particles in the solid take in the heat energy. They change it into energy of motion and begin moving faster
Boiling
The rapid change of state from a liquid to a gas
If heating continues after all the solid has melted, the particles move faster and farther apart. Some of the liquid begins to change to a gas called water vapor, causing bubbles to form in the liquid. The bubbles show that the liquids has begun to boil.
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid.
When heat is taken away from water vapor, the particles that make up the gas begin to slow down and move closer together. If the particles lose enough energy, the gas changes to a liquid.
Changing in States of Matter
Matter can change from one state to another through _____________________
energy.
Energy – The ability to cause _____________________.
Energy is also needed to change how fast something is _____________________.
The State of Matter Can Change
The particles of matter are always _____________________. If the motion of the particles is changed, a change in the state of matter can happen.
Examples:
o Frozen juice bar can change from a solid to a liquid if heat energy is _____________________.
o The liquid juice can change form liquid to solid when put into a freezer and heat energy is taken _____________________.
o A puddle can dry up on a warm day when heat energy is _____________________.
As something gets hotter it will change from a solid to a liquid to a _____________________.
Freezing
Freezing – when something goes from a liquid to a _____________________.
Once condensation occurs, suppose that more energy is taken away from the liquid.
The particles in a liquid will slow down and move closer together. If the particles lose enough energy, the liquid will begin to freeze.
Melting
The change of a state from a solid to a _____________________.
As the particles in the solid speed up, they move farther apart. If the particles gain enough energy, the particles have enough room to slide past each other and the matter begins to melt
Evaporation
The change of a state from a liquid to a _____________________.
When heat is added to a solid such as ice the particles in the solid take in the heat energy. They change it into energy of motion and begin moving faster
Boiling
The RAPID change of state from a liquid to a _____________________
If heating continues after all the solid has melted, the particles move faster and farther apart. Some of the liquid begins to change to a gas called water vapor, causing bubbles to form in the liquid. The bubbles show that the liquids has begun to boil.
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a _____________________.
When heat is taken away from water vapor, the particles that make up the gas begin to slow down and move closer together. If the particles lose enough energy, the gas changes to a liquid.
Physical Changes in Matter
Physical properties of matter can be used to describe matter – what it looks like, smells like, and feels like. The physical properties change when a physical change takes place.
Physical Change – change in the size, shape, or state of
matter with no new matter being formed.
Examples: breaking a stick and remolding clay.
They still have the same properties.
Changes in temperature:
Can cause physical changes
Can cause changes to speed, size, or volume Can cause a change in state
Examples: Ice melting is a change from solid to liquid Evaporation is a change from liquid to gas
Chemical Change – change in matter that results in one or more
different kinds of matter forming
The chemical properties of matter describe how that matter reacts with other matter.
1. Chemical Reaction – a slow process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances . Example: damp iron combines with oxygen in air to form rust 2. A rapid change – can be dangerous and violent
Example: the exploding of dynamite
There are usually four ways to tell if a chemical change has occurred:
1. Change in color
2. The formation of precipitation 3. The formation of gas
4. Change in temperature
Matter – cannot be destroyed
The total amount of matter on Earth does not change.
Physical Changes in Matter
Physical properties of matter can be used to describe matter – what it looks like, smells like, and feels like. The physical properties change when a physical change takes place.
Physical Change – __________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Examples: _____________________________________________ and _________________________________________________________
They still have the same properties.
Changes in temperature:
__________________________________________________________
Can cause changes to __________________, ___________________, or _________________________.
__________________________________________________________
Examples: Ice melting is a change from solid to liquid Evaporation is a change from liquid to gas
Chemical Change – __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
The chemical properties of matter describe how that matter reacts with other matter.
1. Chemical Reaction – ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Example: damp iron combines with oxygen in air to form rust
2. A rapid change – __________________________________________
Example: the exploding of dynamite
There are four usually four ways to tell if a chemical change has occurred:
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________
Matter – ____________________________________________________
The total amount of matter on Earth does not change
Mixtures, Compounds and Solutions
Mixture
A mixture is matter made up of two or more different substances.
A substance is an element or a compound
When you mix two or more substances together, you produce a physical change.
If you wish you can separate a mixture into its individual substances
Example:
A salad is a mixture because it has many different substances.
Rock mixtures
Granola
Solution
A solution is a mixture in which particles of different substances are mixed evenly throughout.
Example:
Lemonade
Sugar and water
Sea water
Soda (carbon dioxide, flavorings and sweeteners dissolved in water)
Mixtures, Compounds and Solutions
Mixture
A mixture is matter made up of two or more different _________________________.
A _________________________ is an element or a compound
When you mix two or more substances together, you produce a physical change.
If you wish you can separate a mixture into its individual substances
Example:
A salad is a mixture because it has many different substances.
Rock mixtures
Granola
Solution
A solution is a mixture in which particles of different substances are mixed evenly throughout and cannot be easily _________________________.
Example:
Lemonade
Sugar and water
Sea water
Soda (carbon dioxide, flavorings and sweeteners dissolved in water)
