Mass disaster.pdf

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MASS DISASTER VICTIM

IDENTIFICATION

BY

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Disaster

• occurrence of widespread severe damage injury or loss of life or

property, with which a community cannot cope and during which the affected society undergoes severe disruption

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MASS DISASTER VICTIM

IDENTIFICATION

• Procedures to properly, accurately and scientifically identify the deceased victims of a multiple fatality incident for medico-legal purposes.

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OBJECTIVES

• Identify disaster victims using reliable scientific

methods.

• Determine the cause, manner and mechanism of

death

• Recover and document clothes and personal

effects of the deceased

• Recover and document possible evidence of

criminal activity from the body of the victim that

will aid in the investigation of incidents, whether

civil or criminal in nature, in which the

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LEGAL BASIS

• MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT (2001) • DOH A. O. # 2007-0018

• MANAGEMENT OF THE DEAD & MISSING

• NDRRMC ACT OF 2010

• MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT (2011) • NBI / PNP LAWS

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Management of the Dead, the Missing, and the Bereaved Families

DOH

Search and Recovery Identification of the Dead Final Arrangement DND – AFP/ PNP BFP-SRU PCG DILG PNRC LGU Leagues NBI/ PNP-CL Forensic Experts Academes LGU Leagues DILG LGU Leagues Mortuary Cemetery Religious Organizations Assistance to Bereaved Families Handling the Missing DSWD DILG PNRC NBI PNP LGU Leagues DSWD DOH, PNRC DILG Insurance Companies/ Commission Social Security Groups LGU Leagues

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Search andRecovery

DND – AFP/ PNP

BFP-SRU

PCG

DILG

PNRC

LGU Leagues

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Identificationof the Dead

NBI = Natural Disaster

PNP-CL= Man-made Disaster

Forensic

Experts

Academes

LGU Leagues

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Final Arrangement

DILG

LGU Leagues

Mortuary

Cemetery

Religious Organizations

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Handling the Missing

DSWD

DILG

PNRC

NBI

PNP

LGU Leagues

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Assistance to Bereaved Families

DSWD

DOH, PNRC

DILG

InsuranceCompanies/ Commission

Social Security Groups

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BODY RECEPTION/STORAGE BODY RECOVERY

BODY EXAMINATION UNIT

FINGERPRINT

COMPUTER DATA ENTRY / DATA COMPARISON DNA DENTISTRY PATHOLOGY PHOTOGRAPHY IDENTIFICATION BOARD MATCH BODY RELEASE POSITIVEVISUAL ID ANTEMORTEM DATA

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DISASTER VICTIM ID

PHASES

• PRE-OPERATIONAL PHASE • RECOVERY PHASE • POSTMORTEM PHASE • ANTEMORTEM PHASE • RECONCILIATION PHASE

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RECOVERY

• BODY BAGS

• Plastic sheets, shrouds, bed sheets

• Body parts are treated as individuals

• 2 groups

• One to collect

• One to transport to storage area

• Ambulances should not be used to transport. Use

flatbed trucks or tractor trailers

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RECOVERY

• Personal belongings, jewelry & documents should not be separated from the corresponding remains during recovery

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BODY STORAGE

• Endorsements from Recovery team

• _{Tag body with unique number (location +}

recovery unit/indiv + body#)

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BODY STORAGE

• maintain a record of cadavers examined in a logbook

• Periodic inventory of examined and unexamined cadavers shall be reported to the site commander

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BODY STORAGE

• cryofreeze at –20C and thawed at +4C so that

they become soft enough for examination.

• dry ice

• For short term storage

• Should not be placed on bodies

• Build low wall of dry ice around groups of 20 bodies

and cover with a plastic sheet, tent

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BODY STORAGE

• ICE- Avoid where possible because:

• Melts quickly and large amounts needed

• Melts to large quantities and may cause concern about diarrheal disease

• May damage bodies and personal belongings

• LIME – “apog”

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BODY STORAGE

• TEMPORARY BURIAL

• use individual burial for a small number of bodies and trench burial for larger numbers

• burial should be 1.5 meters deep and at least 200 meters from the water source

• leave 0.4 meters between bodies

• Lay bodies in one layer only (not on top of each other) • Clearly mark each body and their positions above ground.

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IDENTIFICATION PHASE

• PRE-OPERATIONAL PHASE • POST-MORTEM PHASE • ANTE-MORTEM PHASE • RECONCILIATION PHASE

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PRE-OPERATIONAL PHASE

• ACTIVATION

• Request (verbal or written)

• COORDINATION WITH NBI REGIONAL OFFICE

• COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

AFP DOH ICRC

PNP PNRC

• COORDINATION WITH LGU

• Governor • Mayor

• Municipal Engineer

• Municipal Health Officers

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RECOVERY UNIT COMMANDER INCIDENT COMMANDER

MORTUARY SITE COMMANDER

LOGISTICS OFFICER TEAM LEADER,

BODY EXAM UNIT TEAM LEADER, IDENTIFICATION CENTER MORTUARY SERVICE PROVIDERS FINGERPRINTERS PHOTOGRAPHERS MEDICO-LEGAL OFFICERS DENTISTS PROPERTY TECHNICIANS MORGUE TECHNICIAN SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE FINGERPRINTERS PHOTOGRAPHERS MEDICO-LEGAL OFFICERS DENTISTS PROPERTY TECHNICIANS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS DATA ENCODERS FORENSIC CHEMISTS SUPPLIES OFFICER DRIVER DIETICIAN

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VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

• classified according to sex, age and race.

• assigned and tagged with a unique cadaver

number

• No clothing or any personal effects shall be

removed from the body.

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VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

• Clothing and personal effects shall be

documented.

• The cadaver may be inspected for identifying

marks or any identification cards but such

identification cards must be placed back with

the body.

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VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

• All cadavers shall be photographed with its assigned number. The following views should be taken:

• Front, head, at 90% angle • lateral left, head

• lateral right, head • Front, full body shot • Distinguishing features

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VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

• suitable holding area for public viewing of cadavers.

• exposed to the public for visual identification within 24 hours only

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VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

• suitable holding area for public viewing of cadavers.

• exposed to the public for visual identification within 24 hours only

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VISUAL IDENTIFICATION

• positively identified visually by a friend or relative will be

subjected to fingerprint and dental examination prior to death certification and body release

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POST MORTEM PHASE

• Establish a mortuary site • Criteria for selection

• Space • Electricity • Water

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Thailand Tsunami Victim Idenification Effort

Site 2

at

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SENDONG

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LEGASPI

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GUINOBATAN, ALBAY

MAYON LANDSLIDE

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YOLANDA

TACLOBAN

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YOLANDA

TACLOBAN

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YOLANDA

TACLOBAN

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Quality Control

Intake

TO LONG TERM STORAGE FROM CONTAINERS Fi ng er pr in t Su pp lie s W ash Basin W ash Basin Fingerprint Refuse Dental Refuse Pa th ol og y Su pp lie s Pathologist Refuse D en ta l Su pp lie s QC Su pp lie s Pathologist Pathologist Pathologist Fingerprint Fingerprint Fingerprint Fingerprint Dental Dental Dental FINGERPRINTS 4-6 Staff 20 - 30 minutes per case

PATHOLOGY 3 Staff plus property person

30-45 minutes per case

DENTAL 3 Staff 45-60 Minutes per case

Intake

Each trailer has two identical tracks, one for English speaking teams and the other for European teams. The diagram on the right is an overview of the process, the diagram on the left is a detailed view of the placement of staff and equipment. The starburst pattern for some staff represents the general range of motion of a person working at that station.

QC 2 Staff 15 Minutes per case Each track does 7-8 cases a shift, 20-25 a day for a total of 50 cases per unit a day. QC Tr an si t p at h fo r g ur ne ys , sa fe ty z on e Proposed Organization of Examinations at Site 2

Mark Humphries, New Zealand Hedwig Tromp, Netherlands Mike Hennesey, Gene Codes Forensics

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BURIAL

• Location

• Site should be acceptable to the communities living near the grave

• There should be adequate space available • Soil conditions should be considered

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BURIAL

• Graves should be at least 200m away from water

sources such as streams, lakes, springs, waterfalls,

beaches, and the shoreline.

• Burial distance from water wells are as follows:

4 or less bodies

200 meters

5- 60 bodies

250 meters

60 or more

350 meters

120 bodies or more per 100 sqm 350 meters

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BURIAL

• Communal graves may be unavoidable in very large disasters.

• Such graves should consist of a trench holding a single row of bodies each placed parallel to one another, 0.4 meters apart..

• grave should be 1.5 – 3 meters deeps, 2 meters between the bottom of the grave and groundwater.

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BODY RECEPTION/STORAGE BODY RECOVERY

BODY EXAMINATION UNIT

FINGERPRINT DATA COMPARISON DNA DENTISTRY PATHOLOG Y PHOTOGRAPHY IDENTIFICATION BOARD MATCH BODY RELEASE POSITIVEVISUAL ID ANTEMORTEM DATA

RECONCILIATION PHASE

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RECONCILIATION PHASE

• ISSUANCE OF RESULTS

• ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE OF IDENTIFICATION OF BODY

• ISSUANCE OF DEATH CERTIFICATE (c/o Municipal Health Officer) • RELEASE OF BODY TO LEGITIMATE NEXT OF KIN

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