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Contents

1. RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION

3 8 Comparison of Methods for Evaluation of Detention Time Distribution in Continuous Flow Sedimentation Basins……….. Evaluation of Hydraulic Efficiency of Sedimentation Basins………

19

2. FLOCCULATION

2.1 Flocculation with Polyelectrolytes. General. Mineral Turbidity

21 Polyelectrolytes as Flocculants in Sedimentation and Clarification of Aqueous Suspensions………...

22 Flocculation of Dilute Clay Suspensions with Polyelectrolytes……….

24 Determination of Polyelectrolyte Residuals after Flocculation by a Radioactive Tracer……….

41 Clarification of Turbid Water with Polyelectrolytes for Recharge Through Wells…..

52 The Mechanism of Flocculation with Aluminium Salts in Combination with Polymeric Flocculants as Flocculant Aids………..

62 Stirring Mode – A Factor Determining Mechanism, Polymer Dose Requirement and Cost of Flocculation……… Optimization of Flocculant Dosing by Following Polymers Residual Concentration in the Aqueous Phase……… 64

67 Flocculation Mechanism of Negatively Charged Particles with Cationic Polyelectrolytes as a Function of Colloid Concentration………..

2.2 Flocculation in Presence of Humic Substances

71 Flocculation of Clay Suspensions in the Presence of Humic and Fulvic Acids……….

82 The Mechanism of Flocculation Processes in the Presence of Humic Substances……

90 Stoichiometric Relationship Between Humic and Fulvic Acids and Flocculants…….

94 Inhibition of Flocculation Processes in Systems Containing Organic Matter………

103 Effects of Organic in Natural Organo-Clay Dispersions on Flocculation………

117 Control of Organic Matter by Coagulation and Floc Separation ………

137 Flocculation in Presence of Organic Macromolecules of Natural Water and Secondary Effluents………

2.3 Flocculation of Wastewater and Effluents

153 Effect of Polyelectrolytes in Conjunction with Bentonitic Clay on Contaminants Removal from Secondary Effluents……….

164 Purification on Paper Mill Effluents by Flocculation………

167 Clarification of Colloidally Stable White Water from a Paper Mill for Re-Use……….

175 Effect of Magnesium and Calcium Precipitation on Coagulation - Flocculation with Lime………

2.4 F occulation with Polyaluminium Chloride l

l

183 Flocculation with Polyaluminium Chloride……….

2.5 Floc Properties and Strength, F oc Formation and Breakup

188 Strength of Ferric Hydroxide Flocs………..

196 Floc Formation and Breakup in Flocculation and in Contact Filtration………..

197 Formation and Breakup of Flocs in Continuous Flow Flocculation and of Deposits in Contact Filtration………..

201 Floc Formation and Breakup in Continuous Flow Flocculation and in Contact Filtration……….

211 The Influence of Mixing on the Physical Characteristics of Biological Flocs……….

2.6Optical Properties of Clay Colloidal Suspensions

216 An Optical Transmission Study of the Interaction Between Montmorillonite and Humic Acids………..

223 Optical Properties of Dilute Clay Suspensions………

2.7Polymer Solution Properties

224 Ageing Effects in Measurements of Polyacrylamide Solution Viscosities……….

231

3. FILTRATION

3.1 General

233 Water Filtration (in Hebrew)………

3.2 Theory. Basic Research. Model Development

249 High-Rate Contact Flocculation Filtration with Cationic Polyelectrolytes………..

259 Model for Prediction of Concentration and Head Loss Profiles in Granular Bed Filtration………

282 A Model to Predict Concentration and Head-Loss in Filtration………..

292 Components of Deep Bed Filtration Mathematical Model………..

299 Floc Formation and Breakup in Continuous Flow Flocculation and in Contact Filtration……….

3.3 Contact Flocculation Filtration of Organic Colloids Hum c Substances

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309 322 Contact Flocculation Filtration of Organic Colloids………. Contact Flocculation – Filtration of Humic Substances………

3.4 Filtration of National Carrier Water (Kinneret). Pilot Plant Research

330 Particle Counts and Size Distribution in System Design for Removal of Turbidity by Granular Deep Bed Filtration……….

336 Maximizing Particle Removal from Lake Water by Optimizing Physico -Chemical Pretreatment for Granular Bed Filtration………..

339 Israel National Carrier Water Filtration (in Hebrew)……….

3.5 Tertiary Filtration of Secondary Effluents 3.5.1 Basic Studies

341 Waste Water Effluent Reuse by In-Line Flocculation Filtration Process………

352 Density and Strength of Deposits Formed During In-Line Flocculation Filtration of Secondary Effluents………

3.5.2 Filtration for Reuse Pilot Plant Studies

363 Deep-Bed Filtration of SBR Effluent for Agricultural Reuse: Pilot Plant Screening of Advanced Secondary and Tertiary Treatment for Domestic Wastewater…………

372 A Reclamation Scheme Including SBR Biological Treatment and High-Rate Sand Filtration: Pilot Plant Study………

3.6 Sludge Filtration

389 Skeleton Builders for Conditioning Oily Sludge………..

397 A Better Way of Determining Sludge Filterability………

400 Inhibition by Hazardous Compounds in an Integrated Oil Refinery……….

407

4. ADSORPTION

409 Organics Control with Synthetic Resins……….

418 A Freundlich Type Multicomponent Isotherm………

425 Organic Pollutants Adsorption from Multicomponent Systems Modeled by Freundlich Type Isotherm……….

431 Prediction of Breakthrough Curves from Fixed Bed Adsorbers with Freundlich Type Multisolute Isotherm………..

439 Adsorption Isotherms for Multisolute Systems with Known and Unknown Composition……….

449

5. DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS DBP’s

5.1 THM (Tr halomethanes) i

,

451 Trihalomethane Formation in High-Bromide Lake Galilee Water………..

457 Trihalomethane Formation and Distribution in Bromide-Rich and Ammonia-Containing Lake Water………

473 Bromoform Formation in Halogenation of Fulvic Acids……….

5.2 Other DBP’s: _{Haloacetic Acid, Cyanogen Bromide TOX}

481 Formation of Haloacetic Substances During Lake Kinneret Water Disinfection……

482 Formation and Distribution of Haloacetic Acids, THM and TOX in Chlorination of Bromide-Rich Lake Water………..

491 Formation of Cyanogen Bromide and Other Volatile DBP’s in the Disinfection of Bromide-Rich Lake Water……….

497 Disinfection Byproducts a Variety of Compounds (in Hebrew)………

5.3 DBP's n Chlorination of Secondary Wastewater and Renovated Water

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512 Formation of Disinfection Byproducts during Chlorination of Secondary Effluents and Renovated Water………..

5.4 Chlorination of Odorants From Algal Blooms

521 Chlorination as a Means of Controlling Earthy Odors in Reservoirs………..

528 Chlorination of Odorants From Algal Blooms………..

535

6. WASTEWATER TREATMENT

6.1 General (including Advanced)

537 Quality Changes as a Function of Detention Time in Wastewater Stabilization Ponds……….

551 Advanced Treatment of Effluents from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants for Re-use………..

552 Role of Advanced Methods in Wastewater Treatment Projects in Israel……….

566 Wastewater Treatment Technologies……….. Role of Membranes in Treatment of Drinking Water, Wastewater and Reuse Systems: A Water Treatment Engineers Perspective (see in 3.1 p. 238)……… The Influence of Mixing on the Physical Characteristics of Biological Flocs (see in 2.5 p. 211)………..

6.2 Physico Chemical Treatment of Wastewater

584 Physico Chemical Treatment of Strong Municipal Wastewater………..

591 Physico Chemical Treatment of Raw Wastewater: Distribution of Organics and Treatment Efficiency………

599 Comparison of Ferric Chloride and Lime for Chemical Treatment……….

610 Volatile Organic Acids in Raw Wastewater and in Physico Chemical Treatment…

6.3 Physico Chemical Treatment Followed by Biological Treatment

619 Combination of Physico Chemical Treatment and Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse. Biological Treatment with Nitrification Following Chemical Flocculation – Clarification of Wastewater……….

633 Kinetic Studies of Chemical and Biological Treatment for Renovation……….

641 Primary Chemical Treatment Minimizing Dependence on Bioprocess in Small Treatment Plants………

6.4 N trification-Denitrification i

649 Denitrification of Various Carbon to Nitrogen Ratios………

655 Substrate Inhibition and Multiple States in a Continuous Nitrification Process……..

7. CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN

EFFLUENTS

667

669 Classification of Organics in Secondary Effluents………

673 Characterization of Organics in Secondary Effluents……….

679 Characterization of Organics in Effluent………

688 Organic Groups and Molecular Weight Distribution in Tertiary Effluents and Renovated Waters……….

693 Organic Micropollution Indices of Effluents and Renovated Waters……….

707

8. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

709 Clarification of Waste White – Water from a Paper Mill for Reclamation Purposes………..

710 Purification of Paper Mill Effluents by Flocculation……….…

713 Treatment of Wastewater from Cotton Dyeing and Finishing Works for Reuse…… Clarification of Colloidally Stable White – Water from a Paper Mill for Reuse (see in 2.3 p. 167)………..

725 Removal of Emulsified Oil from Wastewater……….……

752 Concentrated Wastewater from Olive Presses (in Hebrew)………..

754 Systematic Approach to Industrial Wastes Management and Treatment (in Hebrew)………...

9. REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATER

TREATMENT AND REUSE

761

763 Biotreatment Inhibition by Hazardous Compounds in an Integrated Oil Refinery.

775 Skeleton Builders for Conditioning Oily Sludge………

783 Disturbances and Inhibition in Biological Treatment of Wastewater from an Integrated Refinery………

792 PAC Biotreatment of Hazardous Compounds from an Integrated Oil Refinery……

802 Inhibition by Hazardous Compounds in an Integrated Oil Refinery……….

809 A Comparative Study of RBS and Activated Sludge Biotreatment of Wastewater from an Integrated Oil Refinery……….

816 Combined Treatment by Aerated Ponds and Chemical Clarification Completed by Recirculated Cooling System……….

823 Environmental Solution Based on Recycling of Water, Oil, and Sludge at an Integrated Oil Refinery………

828 Combined Aerated Ponds and Chemical Clarification in the Treatment of Petrochemical Wastewater………

838 Wastewater Management Solutions at an Integrated Oil Refinery Based on Water, Oil, and Sludge Recovery………..

847 Multiple Technological Barriers Combined with Recycling of Water and Oil in Wastewater Treatment of a Coastal Petrochemical Complex………

853 Cost Effective Wastewater Treatment and Recycling in a Large Industrial Complex………

863 Powdered Activated Carbon Combined with Biological Treatment to Remove Organic Matter Containing Cresols and Xylenols………

883 Technological Strategies for Protecting and Improving Biological Treatment of Wastewater from a Petrochemical Complex………

892 The Effect and Behavior of Phenol in Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge……….

896 Cost Effective Biological and Chemical Processes for Treatment and Recycling of Wastewater in a Large Petrochemical Complex……….

913

10. REUSE OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER

10.1 General, Various, Sustainable

915 Wastewater Reuse Systems……….

937 Monitoring and Study Program of an Interregional Wastewater Reclamation System for Agriculture……….

944 Gaining Support for Direct Potable Water Reuse………..

952 Quality Transformation Across Treatment, Transport and Storage in a Water Reclamation System for Agriculture………..

956 Sustainable Reuse of Wastewater (in Hebrew)………

10.2 Reuse for and In Industry. Cooling Systems

968 Water Renovation for Industrial Use………..

990 Water Reuse and Recycling in Industry………

1008 Reuse of Wastewater for Industrial Cooling Systems………

1013 Wastewater Reuse and Recycling as a Part of a Water-Supply Management in Industrial Areas and as an Economical Means for Water Pollution Control…………...

10.3 Salinity of Wastewater : _{Sal nity and Reuse, Desalination for}

Reuse

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1015 Salinity Increments in Municipal Sewage, Their Significance and Sources and Methods of Reduction………..

1024 Wastewater Recycling by Ion-Exchange: I. Complete Desalination………

1039 Wastewater Recycling by Ion-Exchange: II. Partial Desalination……….

1053 Reuse of Wastewater for Irrigation and Salinization of the Land (in Hebrew)………

1061 Country-Wide Intensive Use and Reuse for Irrigation, its Consequences and Limits

1068 Desalination of Reclaimed Wastewater to Prevent Salinization of Soils and Groundwater……….. Role of Membranes in Treatment of Drinking Water, Wastewater and Reuse Systems: A Water Treatment Engineers Perspective (see in 3.1 p. 238)………

11. GROUNDWATER QUALITY, RECHARGE, POLLUTANTS,

TRANSPORT

1075

1077 Physico-Chemical Aspect of Pollutants Transport in Groundwater………

1094 Use of Storm Run-off for Artificial Recharge………..

1101 Clogging and Contamination Processes in Recharge Wells………

1112 Mechanism of Phosphate Sorption from Wastewater Effluents in Contact with Dune Sand……….

1113 Transport of Colloidal Pollutants to Aquifers in Relation to Artificial Recharge…….

12. SORPTION AND BINDING PROCESSES AFFECTING

CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT

1125

12.1 Sorption Adsorption

1127 Adsorption, Phytotoxicity, and Leaching of Bromacil in Some Israeli Soils………..

1133 Adsorption of Non-Ionic Organics on Clay and on Humic-Clay Complexes. Role of Mineral and Organic Fractions……….

1137 Sorption of Organics on Clay and Synthetic Humic-Clay Complexes Simulating Aquifer Processes………..

1143 Adsorption-Desorption of Trichlorophenol in Water-Soil Systems………

1150 Sorption-Desorption and Complexation Processes of Adsorbed and Aqueous Fractions of NAPL: Importance for Complete Cleanup of Aquifers………..

12.2 Bind ng Complexation to Dissolved Organic (Humic) Matter. Effect of Binding on Transport and Remediation

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1162 Binding of Organic Solutes to Dissolved Humic Substances and its Effect on Adsorption and Transport in the Aquatic Environment………

1172 Sorption and Transport of Organic Solutes (Contaminants) in Soil-Water System. Effects Of Mineral and Organic Solids and Aqueous Humic Substances………

1174 Dissolved Humic Substances for Remediation of Sites Contaminated by Organic Pollutants. Binding-Desorption Model Prediction………..

1186 Complexation - Flocculation: A New Method to Determine Binding Coefficients of Organic Contaminants to Dissolved Humic Substances……….

1193 The Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Rate of Sorption/Release of PAH Contaminated Sites………..

1194 Using Dissolved Humic Acid to Remove Hydrophobic Contaminants from Water by Complexation-Flocculation Process………

1198 Evidence for Non Linear Binding of PAHs to Dissolved Humic Acids………

12.3 Transport, Fate, Breakthrough of Contaminants in Aquifers

1221 Effect of Site Variations on Subsurface Biodegradation Potential………..

1233 Retardation Factors and Breakthrough Times of Organic Micropollutants in Ground Water Recharged with Effluents………..

1242 Development and Examination of a Model for the Prediction Residence Times of Micropollutants in Soil-Aquifer Treatment Plants……….

12.4 Transport and Distribution of Contaminants in Surface Water

1247 Distribution of Organic Micropullutants, Suspended Sediments and Phosphates in the Speke Gulf (Lake Victoria), Tanzania……….

1263 Transport of Micropullutants in Simiyu River (Tributary Lake Victoria), Tanzania.

1269

13. VARIOUS

1271

Rehabilitation of Kishon River: Industrial Wastewater Treatment an

Creation of a Recreational Artificial Lake (in Hebrew)………..

1286 Precipitation of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Systems – II………

1296 An Integrated Pollutants Control System: Combined Clarification of Wastewater and Incinerator Scrubber Effluents and Utilizing Clarified Effluent for Scrubbing of Stack Emissions………

1312 Technology is not the Enemy of Ecology (in Hebrew)………

1315

APPENDIX