CPC full training material.pdf

18 March 2014

CPC 100 Training Course

Agenda

Abdulla Hakeem

Agenda of the training course

(CPC100)

> Safety of the CPC 100 Training course > CPC 100 Hardware

> CPC 100 Basic Operations > CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page) > CPC 100: CT Testing

> Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction > Power Transformer Testing with CPC 100

18 March 2014

Safety of the CPC 100 course

Abdulla Hakeem

General Safety Information's

•

Read the reference manual carefully! Only trained

personnel is allowed to operate the CPC 100

•

Work in accordance with the general and local safety

regulations (DIN EN 50191, VDE104...)

•

Always follow the five safety rules!

Working with CPC 100

•

IMPORTANT: Connect CPC100 ground terminal securely

to a location near the device BEFORE testing!

•

In case of DANGER press the EMERGENCY stop button

•

Before touching any terminals or connecting /

disonnecting wires, check the warning lights on

the front panel of the CPC 100

•

Lock the device with the safety key lock when you

The five safety rules

Important! Switching off the HV in the substation

and the grounding procedure is the job of the utility

personnel!

•

Isolate

•

Protect against re-connecting

•

Check isolation

•

Earth and short circuit

Safety Briefing for Training

18 March 2014

CPC 100 Hardware

Abdulla Hakeem

CPC 100 – The Facts

> 4,8 kVA maximum power

> 800 A AC > 400 A DC > 2 kV AC

> Variable Frequency 15 Hz – 400 Hz > Frequency selective measurement > Complex measurement

> Easy Data processing > Main Weight: 29 kg

Front Panel

Measurement Inputs Binary Input Lock Warning Lights Emergency Button DC Output AC Output LEDs for easy connection

Right hand side

Serial Port (CP TD1, CP SB1)

Safety Port Connection _{to a PC}

USB Port (Only for Flash memory)

Block Diagram of the CPC 100

Mains Ext. Booster 2 kV 500 V 500 V 500 V 500 V 500 V 4 A 1 kV 2 A 2 kV 1 A 65 V 65 V 3.1 A 6.3 A 130 V / 6 A AC 65 V / 6 A DC 6 V / 800 A AC 3 V AC 10 A AC / DC 10 V DC BIN IN 300 V AC O u tp u ts In p . 5 V / 400 A DC Filter / Rectifier / Converter Data Processing

Kelvin clamps: 4 wire measurement

V

A

Z_test

Kelvin clamps: 4-wire measurement

A V A V Z_Test V_Test R_Contact R_Contact V_Contact V_Contact V_Test Z_Test R_Contact V_Contact R_Contact V_Contact

18 March 2014

CPC 100 Basic Operations

Abdulla Hakeem

Test Card and Test Procedure

Test Card Test Procedure = saved in one xml-file

Front Panel

View Selector Keys

Add new test card Context depending soft keys Switch between test cards

Start / Stop test Navigating

View Selector Keys

Settings View • Language • Date / Time • IP Configuration • Contrast • etc.

Test Card View Test Procedure View

File Operations

hier noch xmt und xml files aufmachen, noch ein paar ordner mehr.... auto save file rein!!

Settings View → Device Setup → Autosave: xmt-files

Test Card: Quick

Output

Test current / voltage

Actual value 2 measured values Calculated value Assessment Frequency Device temperature OK Failed

Quick Card: Measurement Options

sel: frequency selective measurement

CT / VT / Clamp: measurement via CT / VT / clamp

CPC Out: internal measurement (AC 800A, DC 400A, AC 2KV)

Frequency selective measurement

0 dB

-60 dB

50 Hz

_f

U

Interference Injection Shifted Injection

0 dB

-60 dB

50 Hz

_f

U

70 Hz

Interpolation to 50 Hz

Measurement via CT, VT or clamp

Quick Card: Calculation Options

Measurement:

2 voltages or 2 currents

Measurement:

1 voltage and 1 current

Impedance

Power • Bin/Time (Trigger

Event)

• Ratio (for 1A and 5A sec. current)

• Diff (Difference between two

Sequencer: Test Card

Define sequence Similar to Quick Card V, I, f 30 V 60 V 90 V 2 s 4 s 9 s t State 1 State 2 State 3

Comment: Test Card

18 March 2014

CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page)

Abdulla Hakeem

CPC 100 Start Page

Double click on desktop symbol Main Section Tools Templates

Main Section

Firmware Version Software Version Phrase Editor Version 2.00 (1246) Version 2.00 (Build 1246) Connected Device

Phrase Editor

Two possibilities:

1) Edit phrases in Phrase Editor

2) Edit phrases in Notepad, save as .txt and import One line =

one phrase

Display of CPC 100

Transfer button

Tools

> Primary Test Manager (PTM)

> CPC Editor

> Allows Test Procedure and Test Card View on the PC

> For easy and convenient preparation of test cards and templates

> Display test report

> .xml-file is transfered to Word or HTML format

> CPC Excel File Loader

> Converts .xml-files (CPC 100 data) to Excel

> OMICRON Device Browser (ODB)

CPC Editor

Test Procedure View Test Card View

Main Page

Display test report

CPC Excel File Loader

Welcome: Load .xml-file

Overview: List of all Test Cards

Test Templates

Help CPC 100 Template Excel Template Transfer templates to CPC 100 filtered by language and frequency

Template Workflow

1) Open Template on the CPC 100 from the Template folder (.xmt) 2) Perform measurement and save (.xml)

3) Open the corresponding Excel Template (.xlt) from Start Page 4) Load the saved .xml-file and save the excel report (.xlsm)

.xmt .xml .xlt .xlsm measure & save save Computer CPC 100 equal lo_a d

Structure of a Template

Structure of Excel File Loader Predefined report sheets:

• Further calculation • Added Diagrams

18 March 2014

CPC 100: CT Testing

Abdulla Hakeem

CT Ration (and Burden): Setup

Voltage

measurement is optional!

ALL other secondary windings must be closed!!! 1S1 1S2 2S1 2S2 P1 P2 800 A AC A V B u rd e n I AC/DC V1 AC

CT Ratio (and Burden): Test Card

Nameplate data Measurement results Test Current

 

2 nominal sec, measured sec, measured sec, 2 nominal sec,

I

I

V

I

Z

VA

Burden









Connection: CP CB2 <-> CPC 100

1) 2) Connection cable CP CB2↔CPC 100 High-current cable with a plug on one end and a clamp on the other end

Current booster CP CB2

CP CB2: 1000A and 2000A mode

CTBurden: Setup

1S1 1S2 2S1 2S2 P1 P2 800 A AC B u rd e n

CTBurden: Test Card

nominal secondary current

test current & test frequency

 

2 nominal sec, measured sec, measured sec, 2 nominal sec,

I

I

V

I

Z

VA

Burden









Test stops automatically

CTExcitation: Setup

High voltage at the output!! P1 P2 1S1 1S2 2S1 2S2 CT _Bu rd e n

CTExcitation: Test Card

value of each measurement point kneepoint data Demagnetisation function Standard for kneepoint determination frequency

CTEcxitation: Adjust Scaling

Bad scaling 1 3 Adjusted scaling 2 Adjust scaling

RWinding: Setup

Attention!!:

• DO NOT interrupt the current path!! • ONLY use the RWinding Test Card!!

P1 P2 1S1 1S2 2S1 2S2 CT B u rd e n

RWinding: Current profile

Dev.

time

R-displayed

Δt = 10 s

R_max R_min min max

.

R

R

Dev





RWinding: Test Card

DC DC meas

I

V

R

_.



. . . .

235

235

meas ref meas ref

T

T

R

R









Measurement test test

I

V

R

I

mV

R

10

2

,

0

max min





Actual deviation Main measuring time Test is stopped automatically if Dev. < 0,1 % (IEC 60076-1)

PolCheck: Setup

AC 800A

S1

S2

S1

S2

P1

P1

CT

1S1

1S2

PolCheck: Test Card

Intermittent mode

Assessment for each test point

CTRatioV: Setup

• Short-circuit all terminals of other windings

• Shorten remaining phases and neutral

CTRatioV: Test Card

Nameplate data knee test

V

V

3

2



Measurement results mains test

f

f



Test is stopped automatically prim prim

V

V

I

I

Ratio

sec sec





CT Templates

> Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF)

> ALF is calculated from

> Winding resistance > Excitation

> Burden (nominal or operating)

> Automated assessment for the protection class

> Comprehensive CT Test Report (3-phase CT Test)

> Polarity > Ratio > Burden

> Winding Resistance > Excitation (Kneepoint)

18 March 2014

Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction

Abdulla Hakeem

Sources of faults in Transformers

W in d in g Core Bus h in g V e s s e l & O il Ac c e s s o ri e s T a p Cha n g e r

Source: Cigre_WG 12-05 „An international survey on failures in large power

Condition and Time based maintenance

Time In s u la ti o n s tre n g th New condition Operating stress

Time based maintenance

Diagnostic level

Condition based maintenance

 Condition based maintenance

requires reliable diagnostic tools

Possible Impacts by lack of maintenance

Life of the Transformer

• Baseline data not recorded

• Problems during warranty period not detected

• OLTC contacts wear • Oil oxidation begins

• Fan and Pump bearing wear

• Visible effects of weathering and UV

• Oil decay products affect paper insulation

• Miss oportunity to intercept accelerated ageing

• Oxidation and hydrolysis enters accelerated ageing state • OLTC and bushing failure rates increase

• Dielectric withstand diminishes • Expensive failure (bushing, OLTC)

Maintenance Intervals

Action Task Interval Remark

Light Regular Intensive

Visit 6 m 1 m 1 d In service

Detailed inspection (visual)

1 y 3 m 2 w In service

DGA 2 y 1 y 3 m Task interval may

differ with monitoring

Oil Test 6 y 2 y 1 y

Cooling system cleaning

Conditional Conditional Any interval Outage may be required Accessories verification 12 y or conditional 6-8 y 1-2 y Outage required Electrical basic tests

Conditional Conditional Any interval Outage required

Insulation tests (DF) Conditional 6-8 y 2-4 y Outage required

Diagnostic Techniques

Type of Problem

Magnetic Circuit Integrity Magnetic Circuit Insulation Winding Geometry

Winding/Bushing/OLTC Continuity Winding/Bushing Insulation Winding Turn to Turn Insulation

Diagnostic Technique

Bas ic E le c tr ic a l Winding Ratio x Winding Resistance x Magnetisation Current x x Capacitance and DF/PF x x x x Leakage Reactance x Insulation Resistance x x

Core Ground Test x

A d v a n c e d E le c tr ic a

l Frequency Response of Stray Losses x x

Frequency Response Analysis x x x x

Polarisation/Depolarisation x

Frequency Domain Spectroscopy x

Recovery Voltage Method x

Electrical Detection of PD x x

Acoustical detection of PD x x

UHF Detection of PD x x

Overview: Transformer Measurements

> Turns Ratio + Exciting Current

> Winding Resistance (Dynamic and Static) > Short Circuit Impedance (+FRSL)

> C & DF (Winding, Bushing and Oil sample)

> Moisture Determination in liquid and solid insulation (DIRANA)

> Frequency Response Analysis (FRAnalyzer) > Partial Discharge (MPD 600)

CPC 100

18 March 2014

Power Transformer Testing

with CPC 100

Abdulla Hakeem

Ratio and excitation current measurement: Motivation

> Detectable failures

> Shorted winding sections or turns > Core faults (shorted laminations)

> Indication

> Tripping of the buchholz relays > Incorrect DGA

> Comment

TRRatio (per Tap): Setup

High voltage at the output!!

Do not perform the resistance measurement before the Ratio test!

TRRatio (per Tap): Vector Group

V W U u v w 1. Example: YNd5 2. Example: Dy5 Corresponding pairs are in parallel! U V W u v w No parallel pairs: -> Shorten 2 terminals

Alternative: Look up the

TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card

Options for CP SB1 magnitude phase Test Voltage sec

V

V

_prim Deviation from

nominal ratio (1-phase) nominal ratio (3-phase) nominal ratio (1-phase)

to Settings (ratio table)

TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card Settings

back to Main Page CP SB1 Options nominal voltage manage Taps

TRRatio + Exciting Current: Interpretation

> TRRatio:

> meaurement is OK if ± 0,5 % from nominal ratio

> Exciting current:

> difference between the outer phases: +/- 5 %

Resistance Measurement: Motivation

> Detectable Failures

> Static resistance measurement

> Bad internal contacts (diverter switch and tap selector switch contacts, connection clamps)

> Short circuits between conductors of a winding

> Damaged conductor (due to overheating, mechanical stress during fault)

> Dynamic Resistance measurement

> Bad, bouncing contacts in the OLTC

> Checks, if the OLTC is operating without interruption > Indication

> High internal temperatures > DGA

Resistance Measurement: Setup

A

C

B

a

b

c

N

n

RWinding: Current profile

Dev.

time

R-displayed

Δt = 10 s

R_max R_min min max

.

R

R

Dev





I

RWinding: Test Card

DC DC meas

I

V

R

_.



. . . .

235

235

meas ref meas ref

T

T

R

R









Measurement test test

I

V

R

I

mV

R

10

2

,

0

max min





Actual deviation Main measuring time

Test is stopped automatically if Dev. < 0,1 %

OLTC Principle

A B R Tap Selector Commutating Resistors Diverter Switch A B R Tap Selector Commutating Resistors Diverter Switch 1. Step:

Tap Selector changes tap position

2. Step:

Diverter Switch moves from A to B

TR Tap Check: Test Card

Measurement . . . .

235

235

meas ref meas ref

T

T

R

R









smallest deviation Dynamic Resistance choose Settings to edit to settings

TR Tap Check: Test Card Settings

back to main page

CP SB1 options

Winding Resistance, Ripple and Slope: Interpretation

> Maximum difference of 1 % to factory test report (values corrected to 75 °C)

> Difference between phases < 3 %

> The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for up is similar > The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for down is similar

Ripple 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0% 8,0% 10,0% 12,0% 14,0% 16,0% 18,0% 000 005 010 015 020 025 030 Taps A UP A DOWN B UP B DOWN C UP C DOWN Slope -12,0A/s -10,0A/s -8,0A/s -6,0A/s -4,0A/s -2,0A/s 0,0A/s 000 005 010 015 020 025 030 Taps A UP A DOWN B UP B DOWN C UP C DOWN

CP SB1 Hardware

Transformer CPC 100 Tests performed by CP SB1: • Ratio • Winding Resistance • OLTC test

Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance + FRSL

2 different measurements:

> Three-phase equivalent test (Short Circuit Impedance)

> Per phase test (For Winding Diagnosis)

Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Rectance FRSL A V 15 50 400 f Z Trans- former

Equivalent Circuit: Neglection of the core

DC AC Fe m

R

L

R

R

L

||



₂



₂



₂ L₁ R_1AC R_1DC L₂ R_2AC R_2DC n₁:n₂ L_m R_Fe

Core can be neglected!

Setup: Three-phase equivalent test

Short-circuit all 3 phases

Use a big cross-section for low resistance!!

Measure all combinations: • H1-H2

• H2-H3 • H3-H1

Setup: Per phase test

Measure all 3 combinations according to ratio measurement!

Inject according to ratio measurement Short-circuit only the

corresponding terminals!

TR Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance: CPC

Template

> TR Data: Comment Test Card

> Add Transformer Data for Comparison

> 3 Phase Test: Comment Test Card

> Connection Scheme for 3-phase test

> Zk AB, Zk BC and Zk AC: Sequencer Test Cards

> Test Cards for 3-phase tests

> Per-Phase Test: Comment Test Card

> Connection Scheme for per-phase test

> Zk A, Zk B and Zk C: Sequencer Test Cards

> Test Cards for per-phase test

TR Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance: Excel

Template

> Calculation of Z_k

> Comparison with data from 3-phase factory test with W-Meter > Consideration wether Injection on HV- or LV-side

> Consideration of Vector Group

> R_k(f)

> 3 x three-phase equivalent test in one diagram > 3 x per phase test in one diagram

> Deviation limits for ΔL_k and ΔR_k

> L_k(f)

Interpretation: Short Circuit Impedance

> Measured value should not differ more than 2 % from factory value > Difference between phases is usually less than 2 %

Interpretation: FRSL

Reference results available? 3-Phase-Transformer? Comparison with nameplate impedance No FRSL diagnostic and or or Comparison with reference results Comparison between phases Comparison between phases

Transformer in its Tank?

and or or and or or or ΔL (%) ΔR (%) ΔL (%) ΔR (%) ΔL (%) ΔR (%) Rb > Ra or Rb > Rc 0-1,5 1,5 - 2,5 > 2,5 0 - 10 10 - 15 > 15 0-1,5 1,5 - 2,5 > 2,5 0 - 5 5 -10 > 10 0 - 0,5 0,5 – 1,0 > 1,0 0 - 5 5 - 10 > 10 no no no yes yes yes

Case Study: FRSL (Description)

After gaz production and analysis which indicated a hot spot involving paper: > Turns Ratio was correct

> Excitation current was normal

> DC resistance was normal

> Comparison between Short Circuit Impedances was normal (less than 3 %)

18 March 2014

Primary Test Manager (PTM)

Abdulla Hakeem

Transformer Test Types

109

1. DGA/Oil Screen

2. Standard Electrical Test

3. Advanced Diagnostic Test

4. SFRA

5. DFR

6. IR

Starting PTM

Page 110 © OMICRON

1

Welcome Screen

Page 111 © OMICRON 4 1 2 3 Workflow Settings Connected Products

Settings

Page 112 © OMICRON

Structure

Page 113 © OMICRON

Define a Location Define a Transformer Define a Job

Execute a Measurement Create a Report Overview: All Locations,

Transformers, Jobs and Reports

Location

Page 114 © OMICRON 1 2 2 1 New Transformer

Transformer Data

Page 115 © OMICRON Tap Changer Data Main Transformer Data Bushing Data Surge Arrester Data Must be filled in Settings for Vector Group

Tap Changer

Page 116 © OMICRON OLTC or DETC Located: HV or LV Tap Scheme No. of Taps Calculation of Tap Voltage

Job I

Page 117 © OMICRON Kind of Test Selection of Test: On / Off Test already executed? Yes / No Assessment: Test Failed / Passed 1 2

Job II

> 1. Info (Administration Data)

> Job Number > Tester > Date > etc. > 2. Conditions > Weather > Humidity > Temperature > etc.

> 3. Tap Changer State

Page 118 © OMICRON

Measurement

Page 119 © OMICRON

Note: Measurement has to be started from the CPC Wiring Diagram Available Tests Red Flashing during

Operation

Report

Page 120 © OMICRON Main Data Measured Data Diagrams

Page 121 © OMICRON

Advantages with PTM

> Intuitive user interface

> Better preparation of the tests

> Easy to enter Vector Group and Tap Changer data > Bread Crumb Navigation

> Better administration of the measured data

> Fully automized generation of test reports

> Remote operation via PC

> Measurement is executed via the PC (Final Initialization from CPC)

18 March 2014

Thank you for your attention!