Study Guide Quarter 2 Exam Name________________________Period____
Define & Explain the following terms: (you may use a separate sheet of paper and attach) See separate document with answers.
1. Use the periodic table to create an element square for Aluminum. Identify the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, energy levels, period, group, atomic number, atomic mass, & symbol.
protons = 13 atomic number = 13
neutrons = 14 atomic mass = 26.982
electrons = 13 symbol = Al
energy levels = 3 period = 3 group = 13 or 3A
2. Using the element square and information from above, draw the Bohr model for Aluminum. nucleus has 13 protons & 14 neutrons
3. In what part of the atom is each subatomic particle found? Identify the charges of each particle. Which subatomic particles make up the atom’s mass?
nucleus = protons (+) & neutrons (no charge) energy levels = electrons atom’s mass comes from protons & neutrons
1. Atom 2. Element 3. Molecule 4. Atomic Number 5. Atomic Mass 6. Valence Electrons
7. Chemical Reaction / Chemical Change 8. Physical Change
9. Law of Conservation of Mass 10. Chemical Equation 11. Chemical Formula 12. Reactants 13. Products 14. Yields 15. Coefficient 16. Subscript 17. Compound 18. Acceleration 19. Friction 20. Inertia 21. Energy 22. Work
4. What are valence electrons and what is their significance? electrons in outermost levels. Control bonding.
5. What element is this? - Silicon
6. What do the groups and periods on the Periodic Table tell us? groups = columns – chemical properties & valence electrons periods = rows – energy levels
7. Which groups on the Periodic Table are most reactive and why?
1 & 17 because they either need to gain or lose one electron to fill or deplete the outermost level.
8. Where are metals, non-metals, and metalloids located on the Periodic Table and what are the properties of each?
metals – left of zig zag line non-metals – right of zig zag line metalloids – touching zig zag line
9. What occurs in a chemical reaction? atoms rearranged forming new compounds
What are the evidences a chemical reaction may have taken place? materials with new properties. energy produced or absorbed
Properties
Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
shiny, gray/silver color, good conductors of electricity & heat,
malleable, react with acid, give up electrons in
chemical reactions, some are magnetic
dull, earth tone colors, poor conductors of heat & electricity, brittle, do not react with acids, never magnetic, steal electrons in chemical reactions
10. What is the difference between an element, an atom, a molecule, & a compound? element – substance made f one type of atom
atom – smallest particle of an element molecule – more than one atom bonded
compound – molecule made of more than one element 11. Balance the following chemical equations:
1. AlBr3 + 3K 3KBr + Al
2. 2H2 + O2 2H2O
3. H2O2 H2 + O2 balance already
4. NH4Cl + H2O NH4OH + HCl balanced already
In the examples above, can you identify which letters represent molecules and which represent atoms? Circle the molecules and draw squares around the atoms.
molecules - AlBr3 KBr 3KBr H2O 2H2O NH4Cl NH4OH H2 O2 HCl H2O2 2H2
atoms – 3K Al
12. Complete the following table.
MgSO4 + HCl MgCl2 + H2SO4
Inventory the number of atoms present on the reactant side of the equation.
Inventory the number of atoms present on the product side of the equation.
Magnesium 1 Magnesium 1
Sulfur 1 Sulfur 1
Oxygen 4 Oxygen 4
Hydrogen 1 Hydrogen 2
Chlorine 1 Chlorine 2
13. In your own words, restate all three of Newton’s Laws of Motion.
1st law (law of inertia) An object at rest will remain at rest and an object that is moving at constant velocity will continue moving at constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
2nd law – (law of force mass & acceleration, F=ma) The force acting on an object is the product of its mass and its acceleration
3rd law – (law of action/reaction) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. 14. How are inertia and mass related? As mass increases, so does inertia.
15. If force is held constant, and mass is doubled, what happens to acceleration? acceleration is 1/2
16. Acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s2. How far will a 500 kg object fall in 3 seconds?
Pre AP only
17. What would the force be of a 2000 kg car accelerating at 25 m/s2?
F=ma 50,000 newtons
18. At which position is potential energy the greatest? ....kinetic energy?
19. Match the example on the left with the energy transformation on the right.
Burning a candle nuclear to electromagnetic and thermal
Sun electromagnetic to chemical
Photosynthesis chemical to electromagnetic and thermal
20. Trace listening to an iPod back to the Sun. Show all energy transformations.
mechanical (moving speaker) > electrical (electricity) > chemical (battery) > electrical (battery charger) > electrical (electricity from power plant) > mechanical (steam turbine & generator at power plant) > thermal (burning fossil fuel to create steam pressure to turn turbines) > chemical (in fossil fuel because of
photosynthesis in ancient plant material) > electromagnetic (light from sun that was used by ancient plants) > nuclear (reaction that creates light from sun)
21. When is work accomplished, and what are the units for work? Work is accomplished when a force is exerted on an object and it moves a distance in the direction the force was applied. Units = joules 22. How much force is needed to move the box to the top of the ramp? How does the amount of work done
using the ramp compare with lifting the box straight up? the same. W = F X D = 80j
Simple machines (inclined plane) make work easier. They do not decrease the amount of work being done.
E
?N 20N
Length of ramp = 10.0 m Height of ramp = 4 m Weight of box = 20 Newtons
