94401102 Water Based Surface Coatings Formulation

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Applications

for Laponite in

surface coatings

decorative and

architectural finishes for

DIY and professional use

textured coatings

water-in-water

multicolour paint

automotive OEM

and refinish

clearcoats and varnishes

exterior and interior

woodstains

protective coatings

for structur al steel

artist's and children's

paints

For more information, consult

The Laponite Te chnical Directory

available from

Rockwood

or your local distributor

Laponite

starting formulations

L/301/01

Laponite Technical

Bulletin

Formulary

for water based

surface coatings

Rockwood Additives Limited

Moorfield Road

Widnes

Cheshire WA8 0JU, UK

+44 (0) 151 495 2222

fax: +44 ( 0) 151 420 5129

e-mail: [email protected]

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1. Introduction

Laponite is a synthetic layered silicate with a structure resembling that of the natural clay

mineral, hectorite. It is used as a cost effective and highly thixotropic rheological additive in a

wide range of surface coatings. Starter formulations have been developed both in-house

by Laporte and also by other raw material suppliers, which demonstrate the versatile

performance characteristics of Laponite. A wide range of examples are shown in this formulary.

In addition to its use in surface coatings, Laponite also finds applications in personal care,

cosmetic and household products.

As a synthetic product manufactured by a controlled batch process, product consistency is

excellent and Laponite is completely free of crystalline silica impurities found in naturally

occurring clays.

2. Benefits of Laponite in surface coatings

Laponite disperses easily and quickly in water to give clear, colourless gels or sols without the

need for wetting or neutralizing agents or high shear mixing. The viscosity or structure imparted

to a formulation depends upon both the level of Laponite added (typically 0.1-1.0%) and also

upon other components in the formulation.

Key properties demonstrated by surface coatings stabilized with Laponite:

• highly shear thinning, thixotropic rheology

• excellent suspension and syneresis control

• does not affect gloss at normal use levels

• viscosity build not destroyed by heat or prolonged high shear

• resistant to microbial attack

• stability from pH 3 to pH 13

3. Summary of application areas

Laponite is already used in:

• decorative and architectural finishes for DIY and professional use

• textured coatings

• water-in-water multicolour paint

• automotive OEM and refinish

• clearcoats and varnishes

• exterior and interior woodstains

• protective coatings for structural steel

• artist's and children's paints

• printing inks

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4. Laponite grades and mode of addition

Two grades of Laponite are recommended for use in surface coatings:

Laponite RD - a rapidly dispersing gel forming grade which should be added to water at the

beginning of the formulation and allowed to fully hydrate before addition of other ingredients. In

this way it is handled in a similar manner to many other thickeners for water based systems.

Laponite RDS - a rapidly dispersing sol forming grade which can be made into a concentrated

stock dispersion (up to 10% solids) of low viscosity. Laponite RDS is modified to delay its

gelling properties until it is added as a dispersion into a formulated product. The unique sol

forming properties of Laponite RDS allow it to be used as a post-additive or corrective thickener

and also in free water lean formulations. The stock dispersion may be prepared in advance and

then added to successive production batches.

Both Laponite RD and Laponite RDS should be pre-dispersed in water and allowed to fully

hydrate to form clear dispersions before use.

Example recommended dispersion and hydration times (20qC)

Concentration in

premix

Dispersion and

hydration time

Laponite RD

Laponite RDS

2

10 15 minutes

40 minutes

Laponite disperses readily in tap water at ambient temperature; at elevated temperatures, up to

60qC, the rate of hydration is greatly increased.

The use of high shear mixing is not required to disperse Laponite.

5. Compatibility

Laponite is compatible with a wide range of resin types, glycol ethers, alcohols, commonly used

biocides, hydroxides and sodium hypochlorite. It may often be used with great effectiveness

with other thickeners for water based systems, for example cellulose ethers, Xanthan gum,

polyacrylates, polyurethanes etc.. In some combinations of thickeners synergistic interactions

with Laponite give greatly improved efficiency and cost effectiveness.

Laponite will assist in the emulsification of silicone or mineral oils in water by increasing the low

shear viscosity of the aqueous phase. It is compatible with non-ionic and anionic and some

amphoteric surfactants. Laponite itself is a highly anionic material and will co-flocculate cationic

compounds giving greatly reduced viscosity build.

6. Regulatory status

• TSCA listing under the CAS name sodium magnesium lithium silicate.

CAS No. 53320-86-8.

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Index of Formulations

Interior decorative coatings

Formulation Ref

Page

ID/1

Smooth masonry paint

1 ID/2

Textured masonry paint

1 ID/3

Contract vinyl matt

2 ID/4

First quality vinyl silk

2 ID/5

Coalescent free paint for new plaster

3 ID/6

Solid paint

3 ID/7

Interior float coating

4 ID/8

Silicate based emulsion paint

4 ID/9

Multicolour paint

5 Exterior decorative coatings

Formulation Ref

ED/1

Water based paint

7 ED/2

Silicone based coating

7 ED/3

Exterior round aggregate

8 ED/4

Exterior floating

8 ED/5

'One-coat' wall coating

9 ED/6

Water reducible white brushing enamel

10 Coatings for wood

Formulation Ref

CW/1

Interior/exterior gloss paint

11 CW/2

Paint for door application - brush

11 CW/3

Paint for door application - roller

12 CW/4

Industrial clear wood coating for spray

12 CW/5

Water reducible wood stain

13 CW/6

Clear coat finish for interior wood

13 CW/7

Water based wiping stain

14 CW/8

Wood stain - brown

15 CW/9

Wood stain - reddish brown

15

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Industrial and Protective coatings

Formulation Ref

Page

IC/1

Rust conversion coating

16 IC/2

Anticorrosive primer

16 IC/3

High build finishing paint

17 IC/4

Satin gloss corrosion resistant finish

17 IC/5

Non leafing metallic paint

18 IC/6

Anticondensation paint - 1

19 IC/7

Anticondensation paint - 2

19 IC/8

Anticorrosion primer (dip or spray)

20 IC/9

Inorganic zinc primer

20 IC/10

Spray paint - high gloss

21 IC/11

Industrial dipping paint

21 IC/12

Finishing paint

22 IC/13

Brush application paint - high gloss

22 IC/14

Stoving enamel

23 IC/15

Two-pack finishing paint

23 Printing Inks

Formulation Ref

PI/1

Screen ink for wallpaper

24 PI/2

Screen ink for textiles

24 PI/3

Metallic screen ink for textiles

25 PI/4

Gravure bright silver (non leafing)

25 PI/5

Gravure bright silver (leafing)

25 PI/6

Gravure rich gold

26 PI/7

Flexographic bronze rich gold

26 PI/8

Gravure bronze rich gold

26 PI/9

Flexographic bronze rich gold

26 PI/10

Pearl lustre gold

27 PI/11

Pearl lustre silver

27 PI/12

Gravure ink based on aluminium pigment

28 Guide to raw material suppliers for ink formulations

29

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Formulation ID/1

Smooth Masonry Paint

Order of addition % weight Volume

water Natrosol Plus Laponite RD 15.00 0.24 0.45 15.00 0.24 0.45

Premix @ 600 rpm for 15 minutes

Dispex G40 CF 107 Acticide BX Acticide EP Paste TiONa 535 Speswhite clay Snowcal 60 Microtalc AT 200 0.25 0.10 0.15 0.40 20.00 3.00 3.00 6.00 0.21 0.11 0.13 0.31 4.76 1.11 1.11 2.07

Disperse at high shear for 20 minutes, then add stepwise with slow speed mixing:

Vinamul 3459 CF 107 Texanol water pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 28.00 0.10 0.20 22.86 0.25 26.17 0.11 0.21 22.86 0.27 Total 100.00 75.12

Non-volatile content by weight = 48.09% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 10.5P Non-volatile content by volume = 30.79% ICI Gel Strength = 45 gm/cm

pH = 8.20 @ 20qC Stormer Viscosity = 112 KU

SG = 1.33 @ 20qC PVC = 40%

Formulation ID/2

Textured Masonry Paint

water Natrosol Plus Laponite RD 12.00 0.25 0.25 12.00 0.25 0.25

Dispex G40 Bevaloid 6685 Acticide BX Acticide EP Paste TiONa 535 Microdol 1 Microdol 40/200 Durcal 40 0.30 0.10 0.15 0.40 15.00 15.00 5.00 3.00 0.25 0.11 0.13 0.31 3.57 5.26 1.75 1.11

Vinamul 3459 Bevaloid 6685 Texanol water pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 33.00 0.10 1.50 13.70 0.25 30.84 0.11 1.58 13.70 0.27 Total 100.00 71.49

Non-volatile content by weight = 56.65% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 8.5P Non-volatile content by volume = 39.12% ICI Gel Strength = 27 gm/cm pH = 8.5

@ 20qC Stormer Viscosity = 102 KU

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Formulation ID/3

Contract Vinyl Matt

water Natrosol Plus 330 18.00 0.35 18.00 0.35

Dispex G40 CF 107 Acticide BX TiONa 376 Microdol AT Extra Talc 262840/200 Speswhite clay 0.25 0.05 0.15 12.00 12.00 6.00 10.00 0.22 0.05 0.13 3.33 4.21 10.34 3.70

Harco VV 575 CF 107 Texanol 10% Laponite RDS water pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 12.00 0.05 1.00 2.00 25.95 0.20 11.11 0.05 1.05 2.00 25.95 0.22 Total 100.00 80.71

Non-volatile content by weight = 47.15% ICI Rotothinner viscosity = 7P Non-volatile content by volume = 34.53% ICI Gel Strength = 12 gm/cm

SG = 1.24 @ 20qC PVC = 79%

Formulation ID/4

First Quality Vinyl Silk

water Laponite RD 9H4 CMC 20.00 0.15 0.23 20.00 0.15 0.23

Dispex G40 Henkel 8034 Mergal K6N TiONa 535 Snowcal 60 0.53 0.10 0.21 18.17 2.14 0.45 0.11 0.20 4.33 0.79

Viking 2920 Coatex 2000 Henkel 8034 Ropaque OP62 Texanol water pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 37.40 0.32 0.10 5.34 1.00 14.01 0.30 34.95 0.30 0.11 5.04 1.05 14.12 0.33 Total 100.00 82.05

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Formulation ID/5

Coalescent Free Paint for New Plaster

water Laponite RD 9H4 CMC 37.50 0.19 0.29 37.50 0.19 0.29

Dispex G40 Henkel 8034 Mergal K6N TiONa 376 Polestar 200P Snowcal 60 Speswhite clay 0.30 0.10 0.30 14.00 8.00 12.00 10.00 0.25 0.11 0.29 3.89 2.96 4.44 3.70

Vinamul 3692 Henkel 8034 water pH adjustment (0.91 Ammonia) 9.50 0.10 7.50 0.22 8.88 0.11 7.50 0.24 Total 100.00 70.35

SG = 1.42 @ 20qC PVC = 76%

Formulation ID/6

Solid Paint

Emulsion paint resistant to scrubbing according to DIN 53 778,

highly thixotropic, reduced spatter

Order of addition Weight

Water Laponite RD Concentrated Ammonia Calgon N,10% Optimix A K6N Byk W Tiona 372 Socal P2 Finntalc M 15 Chinafill 84 Naintsch ST 60 Omya Special Acronal 290D Taxanol White Spirit K 60 Borchigel L 75, 10% 374.5 20.0 1.0 10.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 80.0 150.0 80.0 50.0 30.0 50.0 95.0 5.0 7.0 40.0 1000.0

Brightness according to DIM,HBW-A (%) Contrast ratio, height of cap in coating μm (%) Washability according to DIN 53 778 Viscosity (mPas) Gloss at 85q (%) Density (g/cm3) 88.50 99.55 >5000 4300 2.6 1.40

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Formulation ID/7

Interior Float Coating - "Putz"

Water 120.5 Tylose MH 300 2.0 Laponite RD 1.5 Ammonia 3.0 Optimix A 2.0 KM 102 1.0 Byk 073 3.0 Mowilith DM 122 80.0 Tiona 535 44.0 Durcal 10 50.0 Durcal 40 23.0 Durcal 130 58.0 Lime, beads (1.25-1.8)* 90.0 978.0

Viscosity, Haake 10600 mPas

Spreading properties good

Texture good

Solids content (weight) 78.2%

* Solvay-Alkali product

Formulation ID/8

Silicate-based Emulsion Paint

Water 127 Laponite RD 1 Natrosol HHR 1 Ammonia 1 Betolin Quart 5 10 Betolin EP 219 150 Tiona 372 80 Socal P2 100 Durcal 5 120 Silica flour H 500 150 White spirit K 60 5 Shellsol A 3 Alberdingk SC 44 50 Byk 040 2 Betolin Ep 219 200 1000 Test Data: Brightness, HBW A 88.0%

Contrast ration 300g/m2 according to DIN 99.48

Gloss <85q 2.7%

Viscosity,Haake E, after preparation 2000 mPas

Haake E, 28 days later 2400 mPas

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Formulation ID/9

Water based multicolour paint

Introduction

This describes a starter formulation suitable for making a water based multicolour paint.

The formulation uses a single base paint which is then split into two or more portions and tinted as required. The

separate colours are blended together again in a stabilized sol dispersion of Laponite. By following the mixing

procedure described in stage 3 a product is formed where the individual paint particles or flecks are covered in a thin

layer of Laponite gel. This gel coating acts as a physical barrier to prevent the different colours mixing together. The

exceptional shear thinning shown by Laponite gels has the additional benefit of acting as a lubricant between the

paint particles to prevent their blending during mixing and spray application.

This formulation shows excellent long term storage and application stability.

In developing a commercial formulation for multicolour paint it is likely that the secondary colour, the flecks, will be

made to a slightly different formulation than the primary colour. Modification of the rheology of the secondary colour

to give a more elastic texture can allow the production of a paint which has a larger fleck size in the coated film. This

can be achieved by replacing part of the Laponite and hydroxyethyl cellulose system shown with thickeners which

show reduced shear thinning and give extended viscosity in the higher shear range such as polyurethane

associatives and some organic gums.

The formulation has been divided into three stages

Stage 1

Preparation of base paints

Stage 2

Tinting

Stage 3

Blending of separate colours into the multicolour product

Stage 1

Preparation of base paint

Order of Addition % weight

Water 35.73

Laponite RD 0.34

Mix until Laponite is fully hydrated

Natrosol 250 MHR 0.24

Mix and add the following

Dispersant (Tamol 731)* 0.66

Wetting agent (Triton CF-10) 0.19

Defoamer (Dispelair CF107) 0.19

Biocide (Acticide AZ) 0.09

Titanium dioxide (RCL 535) 4.73

Calcium carbonate (Queensfill 300) 23.65

Disperse to 5 Hegman, then add

Latex (Viking 2920) 28.37

Defoamer (Dispelair CF 107) 0.09

Water 5.72

Total 100.0

* In some regions this product is called Orotan 731.

It is possible to further increase the elasticity of the secondary colour by including an associative thickener in the

formulation. This can have the effect of producing a larger fleck size which is a desirable property in multicolour

paint.

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Stage 2

Tinting

The primary and secondary colours should be prepared in the required quantities. In practice the actual proportion of

each colour varies widely depending upon the manufacturer, the product and end application. For the purpose of

showing an example Stage 3 describes a paint composed

of:-90 parts white

5 parts red

5 parts blue

Tinting should be carried out by adding pigment dispersion concentrates to the concentration required by the paint

producer. Multicolour paints covering the whole colour spectrum are possible.

For maximum long term colour stability it is highly recommended that pigment pastes dispersed in water are used.

The Hüls Aquatrend range is suitable.

Stage 3

Blending of multicolour product

In this final stage the separate colours are successively added to a concentrated colloidal sol dispersion of Laponite

which has been stabilized at a low viscosity by tetrasodium pyrophosphate. When the paint comes into contact with

the Laponite sol dispersion a thin coating of Laponite gel is formed on the surface of the paint. This is caused by the

interaction between the polar compounds present in the paint and the Laponite sol.

Slow speed mixing (50 rpm or less) causes the paint to break up into small particles which are separated from each

other by the protective coating of Laponite gel.

A colloidal styrene acrylic emulsion is added to incorporate the free Laponite gel firmly into the film on drying. This

gives a significantly improved scrub resistance to the coating.

Order of Addition

% weight

Water 41.57

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.04

Mix until TSPP is dissolved

Mix until Laponite is fully hydrated, then add

White base paint 32.80

Blue tinted base 2.50

Red tinted base 2.50

Water 10.80

Styrene Acrylic emulsion (Viking 5455) 7.56

Coalescent (Texanol) 0.23

Total 100.0

Mix the final formulation very slowly. Speed and duration of mixing are important factors in determining the particle size of the secondary colours.

Application

Before use, stir the paint gently. Do not shear. Do not thin. Apply by spray in cross lay method. Use high volume,

low pressure (HVLP) equipment. The Sata NR HVLP or the Binks Mach 1 HVLP sprayguns are suitable. The pot

pressure should be 10 psi (0.70 bar) and the air pressure at the gun should be 5-10 psi (0.35-0.70 bar) with inlet

pressure to the gun being 65-75 psi (4.5-5.2 bar).

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Formulation ED/1

WATER-BASED PAINT

for exterior application, thixotropic, satin finish

Water 61.5 Laponite RD 2.5 Propylene glycol 50.0 Optimix A 8.0 Tiona RCL-535 180.0 Socal P2 50.0 Byk 020 2.5 Parmetol A 23 1.5 Water 40.0 Methyl diglycol 20.0 Dowanol DPmB 12.0

Rohm and Haas EP-2592 450.0

Ropaque OP-62 67.0 Acrysol RM 1020 47.0 Acrysol RM 8 7.0 Triton CR7M 1.0 1000.0 Test data: Brightness HBW-A (%) 93.5

Contrast ratio, height of gap in coating 200 μm (%) 98.18

Blue/yellow value (%) -0.7

Gloss <85q (%) 53.7

Gloss <60q (%) 11.5

Viscosity, Haake E (mPa.s) 1300

Formulation ED/2

SILICONE-BASED COATING

Water 189.0 Laponite RD 1.0 Walocel XM 40000 pv 1.0 NH3 1.0 Optimix A 3.0 Tiona RCL-388 90.0 Socal P2 100.0 Calcidar 5 290.0 Mica P 70.0 Tego Phobe 1000 110.0 Mowilith DM 60 135.0 Texanol 5.0 K 6 N 2.0 Foamex LA 129 3.0 1000.0 Test results: Brightness HBW-A (%) 86.8 Contrast ratio μm (%) 98.0 Blue/yellow value (%) -5.3 Gloss >85q (%) 2.4 Viscosity, Haake-E

after preparation (mPa.s) 1200

after 28 days at 50qC (mPa.s) 3000

sd value (m) 0.09

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EXTERIOR ROUND AGGREGATE

Water 63.5 Tylose MH 300 2.0 Laponite RD 2.0 Ammonia 2.0 Optimix A 2.0 Mergal AF 2.0 Byk 073 2.0 White spirit K 60 8.0 Mowilith DM 122 140.0 Tiona 535 50.0 Calibrite SL 120.0 Durcal 130 100.0 Granicalcium 0.35-0.7 350.0 Cranicalcium 0.5-1.5 40.0

Butyl diglycol acetate 4.0

Dibutyl phthalate 4.0

891.5

Viscosity, Haake E (mPa.s) 11900

Spreading properties good

Texture good

Solids content (weight) (%) 74.0

Formulation ED/4

EXTERIOR FLOATING

Water 80.5 Tylose MHB 10000 yp 2.0 Laponite RD 1.5 Ammonia 3.0 Optimix A 2.0 Mergal AF 2.0 Byk 0, 73 3.0 Mowilith DM 122 14.0 Tiona 535 20.0 Durcal 40 97.0 Durcal 130 558.0

Quartz (beads No.4) 80.0

989.0

Viscosity, Haake (mPa.s) 8700

Spreading properties god

Texture good

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Formulation ED/5

ONE-COAT WALL COATING FOR EXTERIOR APPLICATION

Water

222.0 Tylose MHB 30000 yp

4.0 Laponite RD

1.5 Caustic soda solution, 10%

1.0 Calgon N,10%

10.0 Optimix A

3.5 Tiona RCL-388

25.0 Socal P2

30.0 Finntalc M 15

60.0 Chinafill 84

50.0 Mica P

70.0 Acronal 290 D

230.0 Ethylene glycol

40.0 White spirit, K 60

10.0 Butyl diglycol

12.0 Parmetol A 23

3.0 Byk 073

3.0 1000.0

Test data:

Brightness HBW A

(%)

88.5 Opacity

Contrast ratio, height of gap

in coating 200 μm

(%)

99.76 Blue-yellow value

Gloss <85%

(%)

-5.4

Viscosity, Haake E

after 1 day at room temperature

(mPa.s)

3300

after 28 days storage at 50qC

(mPa.s)

3800

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Formulation ED/6

WATER REDUCIBLE WHITE BRUSHING ENAMEL

Use of water reducible alkyds is growing as coatings are increasingly being converted from solvent

based to waterborne. In this formulation Laponite RDS increases viscosity and improves sag resistance

and syneresis control without decreasing gloss or levelling.

Laponite RDS is used here in a premix that will remain fluid over 2-3 weeks, allowing a stock to be

prepared which may be used in a succession of paint batches.

order of addition

% weight

PART A - Laponite RDS premix

Laponite RDS

0.44 water

5.00 mix for 30 minutes, premix the following:

PART B

Butyl Cellosolve

3.94 6% Zirco Intercar drier

0.33 6% Cobalt Intercar drier

0.33 Activ-8

0.11 Antiskinning agent

0.11 mix rapidly:

Cargill 74-7432 Alkyd

20.0 Propyl propasol

2.40 add the following, then disperse to 7 Hegman

Ammonium hydroxide (0.91)

0.85 Titanium dioxide CR-800

19.50 water

7.30 then add:

Cargill 74-7432 Alkyd

7.00 Ammonium hydroxide (0.91)

0.50 mix until homogenous, add Part B, stir for 30 minutes, then add:

water

31.84 Ammonium hydroxide (0.91)

0.35

100.00 Finally, add Part A, the Laponite RDS premix and stir until homogenous

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Formulation CW/1

Interior/exterior gloss paint

Order of addition % weight function

Water 2.88

Polypropylene glycol 2.43

AMP-95 0.20 dispersant

Dehydran 1620 0.25 defoamer

Surfynol 104E 0.40 dispersant

Neocryl BT-24 3.14 dispersant

Tioxide TR92 24.36 pigment

Grind to Hegman 7, then add:

Neocryl XA 5090 59.95 acrylic emulsion

Dowanol DPM 2.28 coalescent

Dehydran 1620 0.26 defoamer

Premix the following for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation

Laponite RDS 0.23 thickener

Water 2.66

Then add

Rheolate 350 0.96 thickener

100.00 Formulation adapted from original work by Zeneca.

Formulation CW/2

PAINT FOR DOOR APPLICATION

According to DIN 53 778-S-M

solvent-free, highly suitable for brush application

Water 333.0

Tylose MHB 30000 yp 2.0

Laponite RD 2.0

Caustic soda solution, 10% 1.0

Calgon N, 10% 10.0 Optimix A 3.0 Tiona RCL-535 140.0 Socal P2 200.0 Steamic OXO 80.0 Durcal 2 60.0 Alberdingk + Boley AS 6000 150.0 Mergal K 9 N 2.0 Byk 033 2.0 Borchigel L75, 10% 15.0 1000.0 Test Data Brightness, HBW A (%) 93.0

Opacity Contrast ratio with

height of gap in coating 100 μm (%) 98.95

Blue-yellow value

Gloss < 85q (%) -1.2

Viscosity, Haake VT 500

after 1 day at room temperature (mPa.s) 2100

after 28 days storage at 50qC (mPa.s) 2300

Washability according to DIN 53 778 after 28 days, 23qC/50%

relative humidity (cycles) >5000

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Formulation CW/3

PAINT FOR DOOR APPLICATION

According to DIN 53 778-S-M

solvent-free, highly suitable for roller application

Water 333.0

Tylose MHB 30000 yp 2.0

Laponite RD 2.0

Caustic soda solution, 10% 1.0

Calgon N, 10% 10.0 Optimix A 3.0 Tiona RCL-535 140.0 Socal P2 200.0 Steamic OXO 80.0 Durcal 2 60.0 Alberdingk + Boley AS 6000 150.0 Mergal K 9 N 2.0 Byk 033 2.0 Borchigel L75, 10% 15.0 1000.0 Test Data Brightness, HBW A (%) 93.0

Opacity Contrast ratio with

Blue-yellow value

Gloss < 85q (%) -1.2

Viscosity, Haake VT 500

after 1 day at room temperature (mPa.s) 2100

Washability according to DIN 53 778 after 28 days, 23qC/50%

relative humidity (cycles) >5000

Density (g/cm3) 1.52

Formulation CW/4

INDUSTRIAL CLEAR WOOD COATING FOR SPRAY APPLICATION

Order of Addition % weight Function

Luhydran A8485 60.00 acrylic resin

BYK 346 0.10 flow additive

Tego Foamex 805 0.10 defoamer

Incorez W830/310 33.10 polyurethane dispersion

Laponite RDS (10% dispersion) 1.50 rheology control agent

Butyl Diglycol 1.60 coalescing solvent

Aquacer 3.00 polythene wax

Acticide LG 0.10 preservative

Tego Foamex 805 0.10 defoamer

100.00

pH = 8.0 @ 20qC

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Formulation CW/5

WATER REDUCIBLE WOOD STAIN

Order of addition % weight

Add with mixing

Cargill Modified Linseed Oil 11.10

Dow Corning Additive #51 0.11

Brown Iron Oxide B-2093F 5.70

Patcote 577 0.29

Disperse to 6 Hegman, then add:

Cargill Modified Linseed Oil 61.9

Premix the following:

Butyl Cellosolve 3.44

Manganese hydrocure II (8%) 1,33

Stir premix into the batch, then add:

water 7.24

Ammonium hydroxide (0.91) 0.22

Mix the following for 30 minutes, then add to batch, stir until homogenous

water 8.00

Laponite RDS 0.67

100.00

Formulation CW/6

CLEAR COAT FINISH FOR INTERIOR WOOD

This formulation, based on the acrylic emulsion Neocryl XA-6053 from Zeneca, has been developed for

use on primed or stained wood.

Order of addition % weight

water 15.00

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.004

Stir for 15 minutes, then add with mixing:

Propylene glycol n-Butyl ether (Dowanol PnB) 7.30

Dipropylene glycol n-Butyl either (Dowanol DPnB) 2.40

Plasticizer (Kodaflex DPB) 0.81

Ammonium hydroxide (28% solution) 0.15

Defoamer (Dehydran 1293) 0.18

Then add with rapid agitation:

Neocryl XA-6053 73.68

Mix for 10 minutes, then add:

wetting agent (BYK 346) 0.18

Mar aid (BYK 301) 0.18

100.00 Viscosity: 12000 cP, Brookfield LVT, Spindle 3, 3rpm

Gloss: 80%, 60% Angle

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Formulation CW/7

Water based wiping stain

In this formulation, Laponite prevents pigment settling without increasing viscosity.

Mix with agitation

% weight

function

Water

17.38 H-D Trans Yellow B223

0.69 pigment

H-D Trans Red B123

2.07 pigment

Irgasperse Red G-U

2.48 pigment

Irgasperse Brown R-U

0.96 pigment

Aurasperse W-7017 Black

0.73 pigment

When dispersed add:

Rhoplex ST-77*

36.38 acrylic emulsion

Foamaster Exp 63

0.23 defoamer

Propylene glycol

4.53 coalescent

Ammonia (14% solution)

1.52 neutralizing agent

Water

11.08 Acrysol ASE-60

6.02 thickener

Premix Laponite for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation

Laponite RD

0.05 anti-settling agent

Water

8.91 Adjust viscosity to 35-45 seconds, No.2 Zahn cup

Water

6.97

100.00 * (Rhoplex ST-77 formerly E-2977)

(20)

Formulation CW/8

WOOD STAIN

water-based, brown

Water 691.0 Concentrated ammonia 1.5 Laponite RD 6.0 Optimix A 0.8 Colanyl black 0.4 Luconyl orange 12.0 Byk 033 0.1 Texanol 15.0 Dilexo 37 270.0 Mergal BCM 2.3 1000.0 Test data: Viscosity, Haake-E

pH 9.3

Formulation CW/9

WOOD STAIN

water-based, reddish brown

Worlessol 31 347.0 Worleesol 22 84.0 Laponite RD 15.0 Concentrated ammonia 4.5 Activ 8 1.0 Servosyn WEB, co 8% 2.0 Servosyn WEB, Mn 9% 6.0 Luconyl orange 2416 43.0 Luconyl red 2817 7.0 Water 490.5 1000.0 Test Data: Viscosity, Haake-E

(21)

Formulation IC/1

Rust Conversion Coating

(based on tannic acid/Polidene 33-065

and Laponite RDS)

Order of addition % weight volume function

Water 11.14 11.09

Laponite RDS 0.70 0.75 thickener

Bevaloid 642 0.20 0.22 defoamer

Kelzan 'S' 0.20 0.125 thickener

Tannic acid (Tec 90) 4.05 10.125 chelating agent

Dowfax 2A1 0.10 0.086 surfactant

Micronised barytes 25.92 5.76 extender

Butyl Ethoxol 2.22 2.46 coalescent

Haloflex 202 55.47 46.225 vinyl acrylic copolymer

100.00 76.84

Non volatile content by weight = 64.20%

Non volatile content by volume = 54.37%

pH = 3.3 @ 20qc

SG = 1.3 @ 20qc

PVC = 18.71%

A formulation based upon gallic acid is available on request.

Formulation IC/2

Anti-corrosive Primer

(based on Haloflex 202/Zinc phosphate

and Laponite RD)

Water 8.08 8.08

Laponite RD 0.21 0.21 thickener

Synperonic PE/F87 (30%) 0.79 0.78 dispersant

Acticide AZ 0.10 0.09 biocide

Zinc phosphate 5.73 1.43 anti-corrosive pigment

Micronised Barytes 15.42 3.43 extender

Micronised red iron oxide 2.57 0.51 pigment

Haloflex 202 (adjust pH to 59.00 45.74 vinyl acrylic copolymer

4.0 with ammonia)

Water 2.38 2.38

100.00 68.56

pH = 4.5 @ 20qc

SG = 1.46 @ 20qc

(22)

Formulation IC/3

High build finishing paint

(based on Haloflex 208 and Laponite RD)

Water 8.00 8.00

Laponite RD 0.18 0.18 thickener

Orotan 850 0.69 0.63 dispersant

Acticide AZ 0.10 0.09 biocide

Micro Mica W1 21.71 7.64 extender

Kronos 2190 12.94 3.16 pigment

Synperonic PE/F87 (30%) 2.57 2.54 stabilizer

Haloflex 208 (adjust pH 40.34 33.90 vinyl acrylic copolymer

4.0 with ammonia)

Water 9.97 9.97

100.00 69.86

pH = 6.1 @ 20qc

SG = 1.43 @ 20qc

PVC = 37.9%

Formulation IC/4

Satin gloss corrosion resistant finish

(based on Haloflex 208 and Laponite RDS)

Water 1.89 1.89 Laponite RDS 0.21 0.21 thickener Bevaloid 642 0.20 0.22 defoamer Synperonic NP 30 (20%) 1.45 1.43 surfactant Texanol 2.49 2.62 coalescent Acticide AZ 0.01 0.01 biocide Orotan 850 0.30 0.27 dispersant Kronos 2190 18.37 4.48 pigment Synperonic NP 30 (20%) 5.00 4.93 surfactant

Haloflex 208 (adjust pH 58.35 45.23 vinyl acrylic copolymer

to 4.0 with ammonia)

Water 11.73 11.73

100.00 73.02

pH = 5.1 @ 20qc

SG = 1.37 @ 20qc

(23)

Formulation IC/5

Non-leafing metallic paint

Order of addition

% weight

Function

water

41.55 Am

Kelsol 3906

27.30 short oil alkyd resin

Mix, then premix the following:

Butyl cellosolve

1.28 coalescent

Cobalt Hydrocure II 8%

0.64 metal drier

Active 8

0.25 Manganese Hydrocure II 8%

0.34 metal drier

Add the premix to the alkyd resin dispersion, then add the following:

Butyl cellosolve

3.01 Hydropaste 82255 Aluminium

12.60 pigment

Disperse until homogenous, then add the premix of Laponite RDS

water

11.32 Laponite RDS

0.45 anti-settling agent

(24)

Formulation IC/6

Anti condensation paint - 1

Suitable for air or airless spray application

Order of addition % weight Function

Pliotec LSI 20.0 acrylic emulsion

Disperbyk 181 0.2 dispersant

Foamex 7447 0.2 defoamer

Tioxide RHD2 5.0 pigment

Blanc Fixe N 8.0 extender

Alumina Trihydrate SH100 4.0 extender

Disperse, then add:

Dimethylethanolamine 0.5 neutralizing agent

Dowanol DPnB 1.25 coalescent

Kodaflex TXiB 0.82 plasticizer

Premix the following for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation

Laponite RD 0.4 thickener Water 27.6 Then add: Collacryl PU 85 (25%) 0.8 thickener Microspheres B46/4000 14.75 filler Water 16.18 100.00 Formulation adapted from original work by Goodyear

Formulation IC/7

Anti condensation paint - 2

Suitable for air or airless spray application

Order of addition % weight Function

Pliotec LSI 20.0 acrylic emulsion

Disperbyk 181 0.2 dispersant

Foamex 7447 0.2 defoamer

Tioxide RHD2 10.0 pigment

Blanc Fixe N 17.0 extender

Alumina Trihydrate SH100 4.0 extender

Disperse, then add:

Dimethylethanolamine 0.5 neutralizing agent

Dowanol DPnB 1.25 coalescent

Kodaflex TXiB 0.82 plasticizer

Premix the following for 20 minutes, then add to the formulation:

Laponite RD 0.8 thickener

Water 39.53

Then add:

Collacryl PU 85 (25%) 0.4 thickener

Perlite Maxol P 5.0 filler

100.0 Formulation adapted from original work by Goodyear.

(25)

Formulation IC/8

Anti-Corrosion Primer

for spray and dip application

water-thinnable, high opacity, matt

Ingredient Function wt %

Bayhydrol B130 anti-corrosion primer 293.7

Ascinin Rmin anti skinning agent 1.5

WEB Co 8% drier 0.8

Butyl glycol 4.5

Bayferrox 110 M red iron oxide pigment 53.0

Omya DRB 3 CaC03 extender 25.0

Talcum 15 MO talc extender 53.0

Heucophos ZMP anti-corrosion 53.0

Zinc white resin sealant F anti-corrosion 5.5

Aerosil 300 matting silica 1.0

Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0

500.0

Product Evaluation Hiding power

Contrast ratio with a 100 μm

applicator aperture (%) 100.00

Gloss <20q/<60q/<85q (%) 2.1/7.4

CIELAB-L*/a*/b* 39.88/26.30/20.58

Viscosity after manufacture - VT-500 (Pa.s) 5.9

Water (%) 21.7

Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 42.0

Degree of grinding (μm) 20.0

pH 9.0

Formulation IC/9

Inorganic Zinc Primer

Order of addition % weight

PART A Premix: water 5.86 Potassium silicate, 30% 20.53 PART B Premix: water 2.93 Laponite RDS 0.21

Add Part B slowly to Part A using high shear, then add:

Astrazon 7 GLL 200 Yellow dye (5% solution) 0.09

Addition at time of application

Zinc dust 70.38

(26)

Formulation IC/10

Spray Paint

High-gloss, water-thinnable

Worleesol 61A spraying varnish 50.0

Triethylamine 3.0

Water 37.8

Sicomin red L 3025 red pigment 40.0

WEB Co 8% drier 1.2

WEB Mn 9% drier 1.5

Ethylene glycol 5.0

Worleesol 61A spraying varnish 125.0

Exin 2 anti skinning 1.0

Ammonia, concentrated 3.0 Ethylene glycol 15.0 Water 189.0 Butanol 15.0 Add 330 2.5 Add 327 levelling 1.0 Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0 500.0 Product Evaluation Hiding power

Gloss <20q/60q/85q (%) 87.6/97.0/96.7

CIELAB-L*/a*/b* 51.9/53.73/39.23

Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 17

Degree of grinding (μm) 20

pH 9.5

Formulation IC/11

Industrial Dipping Paint

High gloss, water-thinnable

Worleesol 61A binder 50.0

Triethylamine 3.0 Water 35.0 Byk 080 defoamer 1.0 WEB Co 8% drier 0.5 WEN Mn 9% drier 0.5 Butyl glycol 4.5

Bayferrox 110 M red iron oxide pigment 9.8

Tiona RCL-535 66.5

Worleesol 61A binder 108.0

Triethylamine 3.0 Butyl glycol 13.5 Butyl diglycol 13.5 Water 181.2 Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0 500.0 Product Evaluation Hiding power

Gloss <20q/<60q/85% (%) 79.4/93.3/98.3

(27)

Formulation IC/12

Finishing Paint

High gloss, water-thinnable, air drying

Bayhydrol VP LS 2803 finishing varnish 751.0

Tiona RCL-535 Ti02 pigment 220.0

Byk 020 defoamer 6.0 WEB Co 8% drier 3.0 Laponite RDS, 10% 20.0 1000.0 Product Evaluation Brightness HBW-A (5) 86.2 Hiding power

Blue/yellow value -1.9

Gloss <20q/<60q/<85q (%) 67.0/86.7/95.6

Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 146

Degree of grinding (μm) 15

pH 7.0

Formulation IC/13

Brush Application Paint

High gloss, water-thinnable, air drying, thixotropic

Jäger MSL 40 brushing varnish 258.0

DMEA 17.0

Water 16.0

Baysilon oil A wetting agent 5.0

Hydrolith drier drier 9.0

Water 439.0 Laponite RDS, 10% 10.0 880.0 Product evaluation Brightness HBW-A (5) 89.1 Hiding power

Contrast ratio with a 100μm

Blue/yellow value -2.0

Gloss <20q/<60q/<85q (%) 74.1/91.3/95.4

Viscosity after manufacture - VT-500 (Pa.s) 4.9

Water (%) 40.0

Viscosity after adjustment - VT-500 (Pa.s) 1.9

(28)

Formulation IC/14

Stoving Enamel

High gloss, water-thinnable, high opacity

(stoving conditions: 150qC, 20 min)

Ingredient Function wt %

Synaqua 227WL/58 stoving varnish 200.0

Luwipal 066 30.0

Chromoxide green GN green pigment 40.0

Blanc fixe HD 80 barium sulphate extender 45.0

Butyl diglycol 12.5

Water 126.5

Byk 341 wetting agent 1.0

Efka 34 anti-crater agent 10.0

500.0 Product evaluation

Hiding power

Gloss <20q/<60q/<85q (%) 5.7/46.3/84.3

CIELAB-L*/a*/b* 52.88/-14.54/13.22

Viscosity after manufacture - DIN-4 (s) 125.0

Water (%) 14.4

Viscosity after adjustment - DIN-4 (s) 45.0

Degree of grinding (μm) 10.0

pH 8.8

Formulation IC/15

Two-pack Finishing Paint

High gloss, water-thinnable

Ingredient Function wt %

Part A

Synaqua 3510 WL finishing varnish 190.0

Byk 020 defoamer 6.0

Chromoxide green GN neutralizing amine 14.0

Tiona RCL-535 green pigment 120.0

Blanc fixe HD 80 barium sulphate extender 100.0

Efka 450 dispersant 5.0

Water 125.0

Synaqua 3510 WL finishing varnish 124.0

Byk 341 wetting agent 8.0

AMP 90 neutralizing amine 8.0

Efka 34 anti-crater agent 13.0

Water 237.0

1000.0 Part B

Desmodur LS 2980 binder 190.0

Proglide DMM glycol ether solvent 10.0

200.0 Product evaluation

Gloss <20q/<60q/<85q (%) 60.3/85.3/92.4

CIEBLAB-L*/a*/b* 50.66/-14.92/13.90

Viscosity component A - VT-500 Pa(s) 8.1

Water (%) 22.0

(29)

Formulation PI/1

Silk screen ink for wallpaper

a) Clear coat % Zinpol 1519, 40% Water/IPA 40.00 Water 5.00 Diaceton alcohol 25.00 Isopropanol 10.00 Laponite RDS (10% w/w) 20.00 100.00

Add co-solvents to Zinpol 1519 and mix at 400 rpm for 10 mins.

b) Pigment preparation % Isopropanol 15.00 Water 52.50 Mikrolith-WA (yellow) 30.00 Ammonia (25%) 2.50 100.00

Add pigment to water/isopropanol and adjust pH with ammonia. Mix for 15 mins at 600 rpm. Add Laponite RDS sol from (a) and mix for 15 mins.

Add part (a) to (b) and mix for 30 mins.

Brookfield viscosity T-bar D = 23-27,000 cP Ford Cup No. 4 viscosity = 18-20 s pH = 8.0

Formulation PI/2

Silk screen printing ink for textiles

% Zinpol D3000 45.00 Laponite RD 1.00 Water 34.10 Resiflow W51 0.50 Defoamer W0146 0.20 Sinloihi FZ-5000/6000 19.00 Ammonia, 25% 0.20 100.00

Disperse Laponite RD in water and add to resin, then add defoamer/resiflow and pigment, stir at 600 rpm. Add ammonia to adjust pH.

Brookfield Viscosity = 33,600 cP T-bar D @ 1.5 rpm

Ford Cup No. 4 viscosity = 20 s (20% water) pH = 8.0

(30)

Formulation PI/3

Metallic silk screen printing ink for textiles

a) % Zinpol 1519 40.00 Water 27.00 Laponite RDS, 10% 20.00 Aquavex E5000AR-207S 12.00 Aqua Poly 250 1.00 100.00

Add Aluminium pigment to resin and mix at 400 rpm. Add Aqua Poly 250 and continue mixing for 30 min. Add Laponite RDS sol. and mix for 15-20 min.

b) Pigment concentrate % Isopropanol 15.00 Water 52.50 Mikrolith R-WA 15.00 Mikrolith 4G-WA 15.00 Ammonia, 25% 2.50 100.00

Mix pigments at 600 rpm for 30 mins and add to part (a) and mix at 400 rpm for 30-50 min.

Ford Cup No 4 = 20 s (20% water) pH = 8.0

Formulation PI/4

Gravure Bright Silver (non-leafing) printing ink

% Joncryl 1535 63.20 Laponite RDS, 10% 1.50 Aqua Poly 250 0.20 Surfynol 104H 0.10 Rotovario Aqua 610011 35.00 100.00

Add pigment to resin and stir at 600 rpm, add Aqua Poly 250/Surfynol 104H and stir. Then add Laponite RDS sol. and mix for 20 mins.

Brookfield Viscosity = 3,320 cP T bar D @ 1.5 rpm

pH = 8.5

Formulation PI/5

Gravure Bright Silver (leafing) printing ink

% Zinpol 132 38.20 Laponite RDS, 10% 1.50 Surfynol 104H 0.10 Aqua Poly 250 0.20 Rotovario Aqua 620017 60.00 100.00 Mix as in (1). Brookfield Viscosity = 13,400 cP T bar D @ 1.5 rpm pH = 8-8.5

Alternative Aluminium

(31)

Formulation PI/6

Gravure Bronze Rich Gold printing ink

% Zinpol 132 44.80 Laponite RDS, 10% 1.50 Surfynol 104H 0.20 Rotovario Aqua 630020 54.00 100.00 Mix as in (1) Brookfield Viscosity = 13,400 cP T bar D @ 1.5 rpm pH = 8-8.5

Alternative Bronze pigment:

Aquador WP/2850/120

Formulation PI/7

Flexographic Bronze Rich Gold printing ink

% Zinpol 146 38.80 Laponite RDS, 10% 6.00 Surfynol 104H 0.20 Rotovario Aqua 630020 55.00 100.00 Mix as in (1) Brookfield viscosity = 19,200 cP T bar D @ 1.5 rpm pH = 8-8.5

Formulation PI/8

Gravure Bronze Rich Gold printing ink

%

Zinpol 132 58.50

Water 17.50

Bronze Rich Supertoto 400/7976 18.00

Disperse-Ayd W28 1.00 100.00 Mix as in (1) Brookfield viscosity = 40,000 cP T bar D @ 1.5 rpm pH = 8.0

Formulation PI/9

Flexographic Bronze Rich Gold printing ink

%

Zinpol 146 66.00

Water 13.50

Bronze Rich Supertoto 400/7976 12.00

Surfynol 104H 1.00

100.00

Mix as in (1)

Brookfield viscosity = 12,500 cP T bar @ 1.5 rpm

(32)

Formulation PI/10

Pearl Lustre Gold printing ink

%

Acronal 290 (1:1 ratio) 33.00

Diofan 193D 33.00

Iriodin 300 Gold Pearl 13.21

Water 17.49

Pigment Dispersing Agent N, 10% 0.30

100.00

Add pigment to resin/water and mix at 400 rpm, then add dispersing agent and mix for 20 mins. Add Laponite RDS sol and mix for 30 mins.

Ford cup No. 4 viscosity = 35-40 s Alternative Gold Pearl Lustre Pigments: 1. Mearlin Majestic Gold 9222X

2. Flonac MS20

3. Paliocrom Red Gold L2500

Formulation PI/11

Pearl Lustre Silver printing ink

%

Acronal 290 (1:1 ratio) 33.00

Diofan 193D 33.00

Iriodin 100 Silver Pearl 13.21

Water 17.49

Pigment Dispersing Agent N, 10% 0.30

Laponite RDS, 10% 5.00 100.00

Mix as in (10)

Ford cup No. 4 viscosity = 35-40 s pH = 8.0

Alternative Silver Pearl Lustre Pigments:-1. Mearlin Card Silver BN001

2. Flonac ME10

White Soda Kraft paper (woodfree, bleached, high satin finish) can be used as coating paper. Other lustre effects:

The lustre obtained is a result of the pigment used and of the colour of the paper. Other effects can be obtained by choosing a suitably coloured paper such as red, green, blue, yellow or black.

(33)

Formulation PI/12

Gravure printing ink based on Aluminium pigment

a) Ink %

Mikrolith Yellow BAW-WA 25.00

Water 53.00

Isopropanol 20.00

Ammonia, 25% 2.00

100.00

Add pigment to water/isopropanol and stir at 600 rpm, adjust pH with ammonia and continue stirring for 30 mins.

b) Clear Varnish % Neocryl A1052 60.00 Isopropanol 15.00 Water 15.00 Laponite RDS, 10% 10.00 100.00

Add Laponite RDS sol to resin and stir at 600 rpm, add water/isopropanol and continue stirring for 20 mins.

c) Aluminium Pigment % Aquavex E5000AR-207S 30.00 Water 20.00 Clear Varnish 50.00 100.00

Add pigment to water/clear varnish and stir at 400 rpm for 30 mins.

NB: It is essential to keep stirrer speed low so as to prevent release of hydrogen.

d) Printing ink formulation %

Mikrolith yellow, 25% 20.00 " blue, 25% 20.00 Aluminium pigment 40.00 Poly Aqua 250 1.00 Clear Varnish 19.00 100.00

Add clear varnish to Mikrolith pigments and then add aluminium pigment/Aqua Poly 250 and stir at 400 rpm for 30 mins.