Boyscout First Class Study Guide
Scouter Requirements 1. Meet age requirements
2. Complete scout application and health history 3. Find a scout troop near your home.
4. Repeat the Pledge of Allegiance.
5. Demonstrate the Scout sign, salute, and handshake. 6. Demonstrate tying the square knot (a joining knot).
Usage: to tie two ropes together of equal thickness also tie bandages
7. Understand and agree to live by the Scout Oath, Law, motto, slogan, and the Outdoor Code. Scout Oath On my honor I will do my best
To do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law;
To help other people at all times; To keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight.
Scout Law: A scout is: Trustworthy, Loyal, Helpful, Friendly, Courteous, Kind, Obedient, Cheerful, Thrifty, Brave, Clean, Reverent
Motto: Be prepared. Slogan: do a good turn daily. Outdoor Code: As an American,
I will do my best to-
Be clean in my outdoor manners, Be careful with fire,
Be considerate in the outdoors, and Be conservation-minded.
8. Describe the Scout badge (p 10).
9. Complete the pamphlet exercises. With your parent or guardian, complete the exercises in the pamphlet How to Protect Your Children from Child Abuse: A Parent's Guide.
Tenderfoot Requirements
1. Present yourself to your leader, properly dressed, before going on an overnight camping trip. Show the camping gear you will use. Show the right way to pack and carry it. (p 224-30) 2. Spend at least 1 night on a patrol or troop campout. Sleep in a tent you have helped pitch. 3. On the campout, assist in preparing and cooking one of your patrol's meals. Tell why it is important for each patrol member to share in meal preparation and cleanup, and explain the importance of eating together. (p 265-281)
4a. Demonstrate how to whip and fuse the ends of a rope. (p. 34)
Whip any unraveled rope, fuse plastic or nylon frayed rope after trimming.
4b. Hitches–used to tie rope to something. Two half hitches (p. 36) and the taut-line hitch (p 37). Two half hitches, usage: tie rope to tree, secure a boat
Taut-line hitch, usage: adjustable knot used on lines under tension that may need to be periodically adjusted such as tent line or a load on a vehicle
5. Explain the rules of safe hiking, both on the highway and cross-country, during the day and at night. Explain what to do if you are lost. (p. 38-41)
On Highway walk on left side facing traffic, wear reflective clothing, use a flashlight. If lost, STOP Stay calm, think, observe, plan. Stay put, someone will be looking for you. Universal distress call is three signals (shouts or whistle blasts)
6. Demonstrate how to display, raise, lower, and fold the American flag. (p 42-44)
Raise flag briskly, lower it slowly. Takes two people to raise and lower correctly. Correctly folded flag shows blue field.
7. Repeat and explain Scout Oath, Scout law, scout motto, scout slogan (see Scouter 7 above) 8. Know your patrol name, give the patrol yell, and describe your patrol flag.
9. Explain why we use the buddy system is Scouting. (p.57)
It is a way to look after each other particularly during outdoor activities.
11. Identify local poisonous plants; tell how to treat for exposure to them. (p.59)
12a. Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver and tell when it is used. (p. 296-97)
Method 1: Standing behind victim, put arms around waist and clasp hands together above his navel but below his rib cage. Thrust clasped hands inward and upward with enough force to pop loose the obstruction. Repeat until the obstruction clears or help arrives.
Method 2 for large person or unconscious person: Lay him on the floor and sit straddling his thighs, place heel of hand on upper abdomen above naval but below rib cage. Place other hand on top of first and press upward with quick thrusts. Probe mouth of unconscious victim to remove obstruction. Be ready to start rescue breathing. Repeat until the obstruction clears or help arrives.
12b. Show first aid for the following:
Simple cuts and scratches (p.304), wash with soap and water, apply antiseptic, apply bandage Blisters on the hand and foot (p. 308) Use moleskin to fit around blister. If hiking, wash, poke
with sterilized needle on lower edge of blister so it drains, apply bandage. Minor burns or scalds (first degree) (p.306) see burns under Second Class 6c. Bites or stings of insects and ticks (p. 310)
Bee or wasp: scrape stinger with edge of knife blade or credit card. Wash with soap and water. Apply ice pack to reduce pain and swelling. Apply baking soda paste for inflammation and calamine to reduce itching.
Tick: grasp with tweezers or suffocate with some type of oil. Wash with soap and water and apply antiseptic.
Spider Bite: Clean site, apply antiseptic, bandage, apply ice, seek medical attention for black widow or brown recluse spider bites.
Poisonous snakebite (p.312-13) Apply venom extractor within 3 minutes. Get victim to medical care as soon as possible, remove rings and other jewelry that might cause problems if bite swells; have victim lie down and reassure. Treat for shock. No ice on bite
Nosebleed (p. 306) Sit up, lean forward to prevent blood draining into throat. Pinch nostrils together to maintain pressure. Apply cool wet cloth to nose and face.
Frostbite (p. 324) Symptoms: ears, nose, fingers or feet feel painful and numb. Or may notice nothing. May see grayish-white patches on skin. Treatment: get into shelter, and warm the injury. Can place victim’s hands or feets on your stomach or under your armpits. Can put frozen part under warm water or wrap in a blanket. Have victim exercise injured fingers or toes. Get victim to a doctor
Sunburn (p. 307) Take cool bath or apply cold compresses. Put on aloe very gel or
Second Class
1a. Demonstrate how a compass works and how to orient a map. Explain what map symbols mean. Show how to find a directional bearing of 100° (for example) from a point on the map. (p. 67-72)
1b. Using a compass and a map you've drawn, take a 5-mile hike (or 10 miles by bike) approved by your adult leader and your parent or guardian.
2a. Since joining, have participated in five separate troop/patrol activities (other than troop/patrol meetings), two of which included camping overnight.
2b. On one of these campouts, select your patrol site and sleep in a tent that you pitched. 2c. On one campout, demonstrate proper care, and use of the knife, saw, and ax and describe when they should be used. (p. 77-85)
2d. Use the tools listed in 2c to prepare tinder, kindling, and fuel for a cooking fire. (249-51) 2e. Discuss when it is appropriate to use a cooking fire and a light-weight stove. Discuss the safety procedures for using both. (248-49, 252-55)
2f. Demonstrate how to light a fire and a light-weight stove. (249-55)
2g. On one campout, plan and cook over an open fire one hot breakfast or lunch for yourself, selecting foods from the four basic food groups. Explain the importance of good nutrition. Tell how to transport, store, and prepare the foods you selected. (257-63, 265-68)
3. Participate in a flag ceremony for your school, religious institution, chartered organization, community, or troop activity.
4. Participate in an approved (minimum of 1 hour) service project.
5. Identify or show evidence of at least 10 kinds of wild animals (birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, mollusks) found in your community. (89-95)
6a. Know the "hurry" cases and what to do for them (p293-95, 299-302)
When you come upon an injured person, do a 15-20 second quick assessment of the four hurry cases, 3-Bs and a P Not Breathing, Serious Bleeding, Heart not Beating, Internal Poisoning.
6b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike. 6c. Demonstrate first aid for the following:
Object in the eye (p.314), blink or pull upper lid over lower lid. For object in lower lid, place thumb just below the lid and pull lid down. Use something clean to pull spec out Bite of a suspected rabid animal (p312) Scrub bite with soap and water to remove saliva,
cover wound with sterile bandage and get victim to a doctor
Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, (encourage wound to bleed to help remove anything; use sterilized tweezers to pull out splinters, glass or other. Wash with soap and water, apply bandage. Get to a doctor. Fish hook. Pull barb through the skin, cut off barb and push the hook back out through the point of entry (p. 305)
Serious burns (second degree) (p. 306) Burns
First degree – appears red; use cold water, cool compresses
Second degree – red and blisters; cool water, then sterile gauze pad. No creams or ointments Third degree – skin burned, charred, vicitim might not feel pain. Do not remove clothing or apply
cream or ointment. Wrap clean sheet around victim, treat for shock, get immediate medical attention.
Shock (p. 303) occurs when person is injured or under great stress, enough blood is not being provided to all parts of the body
Symptoms: weakness, confusion, fear, dizziness, skin that is moist, clammy, cool and pale, quick, weak pulse, shallow rapid and irregular breathing, nausea and vomiting, extreme thirst.
Treatment: Eliminate cause by quick assessment of hurry cases and first aid, make sure airway is open for breathing, have person lie down. If red, raise head; if pale, raise tail, keep warm with blankets or coats, send someone for emergency care.
Heat exhaustion (p. 319) occurs when body fluids are lost causing body to overheat
Symptoms: pale skin, clammy from sweating, nausea and fatigue, dizziness and fainting, headache, muscle cramps and weakness
Heatstroke (p. 320) when body’s cooling system stops functioning. Internal temperature has risen so as potentially to damage the brain
Symptoms: very hot, red skin can be dry or damp with sweat, rapid pulse, noisy breathing, confusion, irritability, unwilling to be treated, unconscious
Treatment: Cool victim immediately. move to cool place, cool with water, wet towels, put in streat or in front of air conditioner, keep lying down with head and shoulders raised, monitor temperature as could require rescue breathing, get emergency help right away. Dehydration (321-23) Symptoms: fatigue, headache, body ache, confusion. Treatment: drink
fluids
Hypothermia (p. 323) occurs when body temperature drops below level required for normal metabolism
Symptoms: cold, numb, fatigue, anxiety, shivering, confusion, irritability, stumbling, loss of consciousness
Treatment: find shelter and get into warm, dry clothes, blanket, sleeping bag, offer hot liquids, give warm bottles filled with warm fluid in armpits and groin, help to breath warm moist air, seek medical care.
Hyperventilation (p.314) can occur when a person is anxious or frightened and are breathing too quickly and deeply leading to abnormal loss of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
Symptoms: feels like victim is suffocating, dizzy, disoriented and increasingly fearful Treatment: talk quietly to victim and encourage to calm down and breathe slowly,
breathe into a paper bag. Could also be a symptom of asthma, diabetes or heart attack – see a doctor
7a. Tell what precautions must be taken for a safe swim. (p. 99) PADBALLS
Physical Fitness, Ability Groups, Discipline, Buddy System, Adult Supervision, Lifeguard, Lookout, Safe Area
7b. Demonstrate your ability to jump feet first into water over your head in depth, level off and swim 25 feet on the surface, stop, turn sharply, resume swimming, then return to your starting place.
7c. Demonstrate water rescue methods by reaching with your arm or leg, by reaching with a suitable object, and by throwing lines and objects. Explain why swimming rescues should not be attempted when a reaching or throwing rescue is possible, and explain why and how a rescue swimmer should avoid contact with the victim. (p. 104-107) REACH, THROW, and GO
8. Participate in a school, community, or troop program on the dangers of using drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, and other practices that could be harmful to your health. Discuss your participation in the program with your family. (p. 108)
First Class Requirements
1. Demonstrate how to find directions during the day and at night without using a compass. (p. 114-17) See book for north star method, constellation method, watch method, shadow stick method, equal length shadow method. Note the north star will always be in the same place in the sky all night (because the axis of the earth points to the north star).
2. Using a compass, complete an orienteering course that covers at least 1 mile and requires measuring the height and/or width of designated items (tree, tower, canyon, ditch, etc.). (p. 118-25). Be able to orient a map and find the direction of a bearing of 270 or 160 degrees (for example).
3. Since joining, have participated in ten separate troop/patrol activities (other than troop/patrol meetings), three of which included camping overnight.
4a. Help plan a patrol menu for one campout - including one breakfast, lunch, and dinner - that requires cooking. Tell how the menu includes the four basic food groups and meets nutritional needs.
4b. Using the menu planned in requirement 4a, make a list showing the cost and food amounts needed to feed three or more boys and secure the ingredients.
4c. Tell which pans, utensils, and other gear will be needed to cook and serve these meals. 4d. Explain the procedures to follow in the safe handling and storage of fresh meats, dairy products, eggs, vegetables, and other perishable food products. Tell how to properly dispose of camp garbage, cans, plastic containers, and other rubbish. (258, 263, 281)
4e. On one campout, serve as your patrol's cook. Supervise your assistant(s) in using a stove or building a cooking fire. Prepare the breakfast, lunch, and dinner planned in requirement 4a. Lead your patrol in saying grace at the meals and supervise cleanup.
6. Identify or show evidence of at least 10 kinds of native plants found in your community. (p. 130) Lashing
7a. Discuss when you should and should not use lashings. Five lashings include: square, shear, diagonal, tripod, round, floor. P.145.
-All lashings start with clove hitch except diagonal lashing which starts with the timber hitch. tripod lashing used for tripod
shear lashing to bind two poles together from 0-45° or where flexible joint is needed
diagonal lashing binds poles that don’t touch but cross each other at angle between 45 and 90° round lashing binds two poles side by side
7b. Demonstrate tying the timber hitch and clove hitch and their use in square, shear, and diagonal lashings by joining two or more poles or staves together. (p. 138-9). All lashings start with clove hitch except diagonal lashing, it starts with a timber hitch.
7c. Use lashing to make a useful camp gadget.
8a. Demonstrate tying the bowline knot and describe several ways it can be used. 148 Bowline usage: used in sailing and as a rescue knot. Easy to tie and untie
8b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle and for injuries on the head (p. 309), the upper arm, and the collarbone (p. 316-17).
8c. Show how to transport by yourself and with one other person, a person from a smoke-filled room with a sprained ankle, for at least 25 yards (p. 326-7)
8d. Tell the five most common signs of a heart attack. (P. 298) WUSSS Feeling of Weakness, Uncomfortable pressure in the chest/shoulder/arms, unusual Sweating, Stomach distress/nausea, Shortness of breath
Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 1. Call. for help/call 911; they can help with CPR instructions
2. Blow. Tilt the head back and listen for breathing. If not breathing normally, pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take 1 second
3. Pump. If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest
compressions. Push down on the chest 1 1/2 to 2 inches 30 times right between the nipples. Pump at the rate of 100/minute, faster than once per second.
4. Continue with 2 breaths and 30 pumps until help arrives
Rescue Breathing(P. 294)
1. Open airway – clear mouth of tongue, food or other, place victim on back, tilt head, look for obstructions and remove by sweeping with index finger. Turn victim to side if vomits. 2. If airway open, place mouth barrier, pinch nostrils, blow into lungs, watch to see if chest
rises, repeat every five seconds (3 seconds for children under 9). If chest doesn’t rise, reposition head and jaw so tongue doesn’t block, check again for obstructions, perform Heimlich to remove something lodged in throat). Resume rescue breathing
9a. Tell what precautions must be taken for a safe trip afloat. (P.153-4) PEP-PDBASS
Physical fitness, good Equipment appropriate for application and in good repair, Personal flotation device (PFD), Planning, Discipline, Buddy system, Adult (Qualified) supervision, Swimming ability, Skill proficiency,
9b. Successfully complete the BSA swimmer test.
9c. With a helper and a practice victim, show a line rescue both as tender and as rescuer. (The practice victim should be approximately 30 feet from shore in deep water.) (P.162-3)
10. Demonstrate Scout spirit by living the Scout Oath (Promise) and Scout Law in your everyday life.
Other
• Sheet Bend Knot (p 150). Usage: tie two ropes of the same or different diameters. • Explain the good turn you did today
• Study and know Troop 457 Uniform Description which includes the Moraine Trails Patch (available on troop website)
