Encyclopedia
of Chemical
Processing
volume 1
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Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (2 Volume Set)
Edited by Gary E. Wnek and Gary Bowlin ISBN: 0-8247-5562-6
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ISBN: 0-8247-4261-3
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ISBN: 0-8247-5563-4
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ISBN: 0-8247-0944-6
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Edited by James Swarbrick ISBN: 0-8493-9399-X
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Encyclopedia
of Chemical
Processing
volume 1
Edited by:
Sunggyu Lee
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Missouri - Columbia
Columbia, Missouri
U.S.A.
Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016
© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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my wife
Kyung Paik Lee
who put up with me,
lovingly supported me,
and helped make this venture
Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Missouri–Columbia
Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Editorial Advisory Board
John C. Angus
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
Ohio, U.S.A.
Alexis T. Bell
University of California, Berkeley,
California, U.S.A.
Dibakar Bhattacharyya
University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky, U.S.A.
Milorad P. Dudukovic
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
Robert Fulton Dye
Dye Engineering & Technology, Sugar Land,
Texas, U.S.A.
James R. Fair
University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Liang-Shih Fan
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Mehmet Gencer
IMET Corporation, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Sun-Tak Hwang
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.
Michael T. Klein
Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, U.S.A.
L. James Lee
The Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio, U.S.A.
Ki-Jun Lee
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Chung-Chiun Liu
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
Ohio, U.S.A.
Badie I. Morsi
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Peter R. Pujado
UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.
M. M. Sharma
HONY, Chembur, Mumbai, India
James G. Speight
CD&W Inc., Laramie, Wyoming, U.S.A.
David G. Wood
University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Jeffrey Yen
Atofina Chemicals, Inc., King of Prussia,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Contributors
Kim Aasberg-Petersen = Haldor Topsøe A=S, Lyngby, Denmark
Mohamed O. Abdalla = Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S.A. Abdullah M. Aitani = King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia G. Akay = Process Intensification and Miniaturization Centre, School of Chemical Engineering
and Advanced Materials and Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K.
S. Al-Malaika = Polymer Processing and Performance Research Unit, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, U.K.
Lyle F. Albright = School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A. T. L. Alford = Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Arizona State University,
Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.
S. W. Allison = Engineering Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
M. Cengiz Altan = School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Ramin Amin-Sanayei = Arkema Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Paul Andersen = Coperion Corporation, Ramsey, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Ee Lui Ang = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Piero M. Armenante = Otto H. York Department of Chemical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.
David S. J. Arney = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
David B. Asay = Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Gabriel Ascanio = URPEI, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
W. R. Ashurst = University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. Naveed Aslam = University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.
Victor Atiemo-Obeng = Engineering Science and Market Development, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, U.S.A.
Andre´ Bakker = Fluent Inc., Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
Michael W. Balakos = R&D, Su€d-Chemie Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Shankha K. Banerji = Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Jimmie R. Baran = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Stanley M. Barnett = University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
Shubhayu Basu = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Roger N. Beers = The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Ce´line T. Bellehumeur = Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T. J. Bencic = Optical Instrumentation Technology Branch, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Jonathan W. Bender = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.
David A. Benko = The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A. Sujata K. Bhatia = Dupont Central Research and Development, Wilmington,
Delaware, U.S.A.
Surita R. Bhatia = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
P. R. Bishnoi = Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T. Reg. Bott = School of Engineering, Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
Andrea Bozzano = UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.
Mike Bradford = Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Ian D. Brindle = Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
Edmundo Brito-De La Fuente = Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnologı´a, UNAM, Me´xico, Me´xico
Michael C. Brooks = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Kerr Research Center, Ada, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Nigel D. Browning = Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
David A. Bruce = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Joel G. Burken = Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri–Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A.
J. R. Burns = Protensive Ltd., Bioscience Centre, Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K. Richard V. Calabrese = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Maryland, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
Gregg Caldwell = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Gerard T. Caneba = Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, U.S.A.
Giovanni Maria Carlomagno = Department of Energetics, Thermofluidynamics and Environmental Control (DETEC), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
C. Carraro = University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Eldon D. Case = Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A.
M. R. Cates = Engineering Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
John C. Chadwick = Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Louay M. Chamra = Southeast Cooling, Heating and Power Application Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, U.S.A. Jamal Chaouki = Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Vicki Chen = UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Zhilei Chen = Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Hyoung J. Choi = Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
Kyu Yong Choi = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
Pyoungho Choi = Albany Nanotech, The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE), State University of New York, Albany, New York, U.S.A.
T. C. Chung = Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Matthew A. Clarke = Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Gary Combes = School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Richard F. Cope = Fluid Mechanics and Mixing Group, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, U.S.A.
Richard Corkish = ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Silicon Photovoltaics and Photonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
R. A. Cottis = School of Materials, Corrosion and Protection Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
Sean A. Curran = Honeywell International Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Wayne R. Curtis = Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Teresa J. Cutright = Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Qizhou Dai = Advanced Biomaterials Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
A. K. Dalai = Catalysis and Chemical Reactor Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Douglas A. Dale = Genencor International, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. Rohit P. Datar = Technical Operations, CPKelco, Okmulgee, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Ravindra Datta = Fuel Cell Center, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester,
Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Sharad M. Dave = Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India Forrest M. Davidson, III = The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. Frank Davis = Cranfield University, Silsoe, U.K.
Mark DeDecker = Firestone Polymers, Bridgestone=Firestone Research LLC, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Fariba Dehghani = School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Shuguang Deng = Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Amy S. Determan = Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.
Glenn B. DeWolf = URS Corporation, Austin, Texas, U.S.A. Partha Dey = P.A. Consulting, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
R. Dhib = Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Huu D. Doan = Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Mildred S. Dresselhaus = Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Nishith Dwivedi = Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Vahid Ebadat = Chilworth Technology, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Sina Ebnesajjad = DuPont Fluoroproducts, Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A. Jeremy S. Edwards = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware,
Newark, Delaware, U.S.A.
Brian W. Eggiman = Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
J. Richard Elliott, Jr. = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Morinobu Endo = Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Japan Rolf Erni = Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California
Davis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. Arthur W. Etchells = DuPont Fellow, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
L.-S. Fan = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Rajeev Farwaha = Celanese Polymers, Bridgewater, New Jersey, U.S.A.
James J. Feng = Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada D. Ferdous = Catalysis and Chemical Reactor Engineering Laboratories, Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Jim C. Fitch = Noria Corporation, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
J. F. Forbes = Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Neil R. Foster = School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Jonathan Francis = University of Central Lancashire, Preston, U.K. Matthew H. Frey = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Joanna D. Fromstein = Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Mina Gabriel = Honeywell International Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A. Alfred Gaertner = Genencor International, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A.
Prabhu Ganesan = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Shubhra Gangopadhyay = University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A. Hugo S. Garcia = UNIDA, Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
Dinesh Gera = Fluent Incorporated, Morgantown, West Virginia, U.S.A.
Richard Gilbert = Department of Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Giuseppe Giorleo = Department of Materials and Production Engineering (DIMP), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
S. M. Goedeke = Engineering Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Scott Gold = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Vincent G. Gomes = University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia James G. Goodwin, Jr. = Department of Chemical Engineering, Clemson University,
Clemson, South Carolina, U.S.A.
John R. Grace = University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Brian P. Grady = School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Dan F. Graves = Firestone Polymers, Bridgestone=Firestone Research LLC, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Erich Grotewold = Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Rajiv Grover = Jacobs Engineering Group Inc., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Ronald W. Gumbs = Gumbs Associates Ltd., East Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A.
L. Jay Guo = Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
Ram B. Gupta = Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, U.S.A.
Byung Gwon Lee = Environment and Process Technology Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul, South Korea
Don C. Haddox = Waterbury, Vermont, U.S.A.
Joel M. Haight = Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Pradeep Haldar = Albany Nanotech, The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE), State University of New York, Albany, New York, U.S.A.
Ian Hamerton = University of Surrey, Surrey, U.K.
Youssef K. Hamidi = School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Tobias Hanrath = The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Douglas P. Harrison = Gordon A. and Mary Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Gareth P. Harrison = Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
Takuya Hayashi = Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Japan Douglas G. Hayes = Department Biosystems Engineering and Environmental Science, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Donald T. Haynie = Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Bionanosystems Engineering Laboratory, Center for Applied Physics Studies, Louisiana Tech University,
Ruston, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Roland H. Heck = Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.
William L. Hergenrother = Bridgestone Americas Center for Research and Technology, Bridgestone=Firestone Research LLC, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Andrew M. Herring = Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A.
Se´amus P. J. Higson = Cranfield University, Silsoe, U.K.
Charles G. Hill, Jr. = Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
John O. Hill = La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Hugh W. Hillhouse = Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A. B. Keith Hodge = Southeast Cooling, Heating and Power Application Center,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, U.S.A.
J. D. Holladay = Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, U.S.A. W. A. Hollerman = Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette,
Lafayette, Louisiana, U.S.A.
W. C. Hsu = Sino-American Silicon Product Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC X. D. Hu = R&D, Su€d-Chemie Inc., Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Yinlun Huang = Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
Anton Huber = PolySaccharide Initiative, Institut fu¨r Chemie, Karl-Franzens, Universita¨t Graz, Graz, Austria
Kang Moo Huh = Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
Raymond L. Huhnke = Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State Unviersity, Stillwater, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Steven C. Hukvari = Parr Instrument Company, Moline, Illinois, U.S.A.
Scott M. Husson = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Sangchul Hwang = Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu€ez, Puerto Rico
R. J. J. Jachuck = Process Intensification and Clean Technology (PICT) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, U.S.A.
Manish Jain = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Krishnan Jayaraman = University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Nigil Satish Jeyashekar = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, U.S.A.
Myung S. Jhon = Department of Chemical Engineering and Data Storage Systems Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Tyler Johannes = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Bob Johnson = School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Joshua Jurs = Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University,
Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
John F. Kadla = Faculty of Forestry, Biomaterials Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Kishore K. Kar = Fluid Mechanics and Mixing Group, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, U.S.A.
Thomas E. Karis = Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose Research Center, San Jose, California, U.S.A.
S. Komar Kawatra = Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, U.S.A.
David O. Kazmer = Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Jason M. Keith = Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, U.S.A.
Sunil Kesavan = Akebono Corporation, Farmington Hills, Michigan, U.S.A. Daeik Kim = University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Ji W. Kim = Department of Chemical Engineering and Data Storage Systems Center,
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Jin-Kuk Kim = Centre for Process Integration, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. Seong H. Kim = Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Yoong-Ahm Kim = Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Japan Brian P. Kirkmeyer = International Flavors and Fragrances, Union Beach, New Jersey, U.S.A. Dehong Kong = Chilworth Technology, Inc., Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Brian A. Korgel = The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.
Milivoje M. Kostic = Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, U.S.A.
J. Kouvetakis = Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.
Andrzej Kraslawski = Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
Suzanne M. Kresta = Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Satoshi Kubo = Faculty of Forestry, Biomaterials Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Mark A. Kuehne = NL Chemical Technology, Inc., Mount Prospect, Illinois, U.S.A. Ashok Kumar = Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toledo,
Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A.
Vimal Kumar = Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Arunabha Kundu = Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Charlotte T. M. Kwok = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
K. S. Lackner = Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, U.S.A.
Harry J. Lader = Harry Lader and Associates, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Yadunandan Lal Dar = Corporate Research, National Starch and Chemical Company, Bridgewater, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Joseph M. Lambert, Jr. = Parr Instrument Company, Moline, Illinois, U.S.A. C. W. Lan = Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University,
Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
H. Bryan Lanterman = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Pierre Le-Clech = UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
James M. Lee = Department of Chemical Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, U.S.A.
L. James Lee = Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Sunggyu Lee = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Yoon Seob Lee = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Youn-Woo Lee = Environment and Process Technology Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul, South Korea
Kwok-Wai Lem = Honeywell International Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A. Douglas E. Leng = Leng Associates, Midland, Michigan, U.S.A.
Alan G. Letki = Alfa Laval Inc., Warminster, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Christopher Lew = Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, U.S.A.
Randy S. Lewis = School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Bingyun Li = Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Bionanosystems Engineering Laboratory, Center for Applied Physics Studies, Louisiana Tech University,
Ruston, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Jane C. Li = NL Chemical Technology, Inc., Mount Prospect, Illinois, U.S.A. Jun Li = Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi,
Hattiesburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.
Norman N. Li = NL Chemical Technology, Inc., Mount Prospect, Illinois, U.S.A.
Shuang Li = Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, U.S.A.
Wenping Li = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Xiaodong Li = Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Zijian Li = Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, U.S.A.
Michael K. Lindell = Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.
Chung-Chiun Liu = Electronic Design Center and Chemical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Daniel G. Lo¨ffler = Quarens Technologies, Inc., Bend, Oregon, U.S.A.
Ali Lohi = Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Stephen J. Lombardo = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri–Columbia,
Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Helen H. Lou = Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, U.S.A.
Jorge A. Lubguban = University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A. Douglas K. Ludlow = Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Missouri–Rolla,
Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A.
Adriane G. Ludwick = Department of Chemistry, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S.A. Juergen Lueske = Fluid Mechanics and Mixing Group, The Dow Chemical Company,
Niedersachsen, Germany
Xiaoliang Ma = Clean Fuels and Catalysis Program, The Energy Institute, and Department of Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
R. Maboudian = University of California–Berkeley, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Sundararajan V. Madihally = School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Surya K. Mallapragada = Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.
Raffaella Mammucari = School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Elizabeth Marden Marshall = Fluent Inc., Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A.
T. E. Marlin = Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Stanley Marple = Chemical Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Richard I. Masel = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois,
Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Takeshi Matsuura = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
J. W. Mayer = Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A.
Kevin P. Menard = PerkinElmer Thermal Laboratory, Materials Science Department, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, U.S.A.
Carosena Meola = Department of Energetics, Thermofluidynamics and Environmental Control (DETEC), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
John C. Middleton = BHR Group Ltd., Cranfield, Bedfordshire, U.K.
Jan D. Miller = Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
Patrick L. Mills = Chemical Science and Engineering Laboratory, DuPont Company, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.
Kishore K. Mohanty = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Sanat Mohanty = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Satish C. Mohapatra = Advanced Fluid Technologies, Inc., Dynalene Heat Transfer Fluids, Whitehall, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Alexander B. Morgan = Dow Chemical Company, Core R&D, Midland, Michigan, U.S.A. Sarah E. Morgan = Department of Polymer Science, University of Southern Mississippi,
Hattiesburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.
Maximiliano Luis Munford = Group of Organic Optoelectronic Devices, Departamento de Fı´sica, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Curitiba, Parana´, Brazil
Balaji Narasimhan = Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.
Amarnath Nareddy = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Robert Naumann = University of Alabama, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A.
Flora T. T. Ng = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Anh V. Nguyen = Discipline of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
Zheng Ni = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
K. D. P. Nigam = Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
Takamasa Nonaka = Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto-shi, Japan
Paul O’Connor = Akzo Nobel Catalysts, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
Kimberly Ogden = Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.
Masahiro Ohshima = Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
Cristina Otero = Departamento de Biocata´lisis, Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autonoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
Richard P. Palluzi = ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey, U.S.A. A.-H. Park = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Kinam Park = Departments of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
Jae Hyung Park = Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Kenneth R. Parker = Ken Parker Consultant APL, West Midlands, U.K.
Andre´ Avelino Pasa = Thin Films and Surfaces Group, Departamento de Fı´sica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Floriano´polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Shwetal Patel = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A.
Rajam Pattabiraman = Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India Edward L. Paul = Merck and Co., Inc., Sea Girt, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Jing Peng = Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
A. Penlidis = Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
W. Roy Penney = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, U.S.A.
Mario A. Perez = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Ronald W. Perry = School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A. Ralph W. Pike = Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Branko N. Popov = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Mark A. Prelas = Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Todd Pugsley = University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Peter R. Pujado´ = UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.
Yunying Qi = Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc., Westhollow Technology Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Mehrdad Rafat = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Theodore W. Randolph = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
Harish G. Rao = LFR Inc., Elgin, Illinois, U.S.A.
Sanjeev N. Rao = University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
James F. Rathman = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Louis G. Reifschneider = Department of Technology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, U.S.A.
David G. Retzloff = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Richard W. Rice = Department of Chemical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, U.S.A.
J. A. Richardson = Anticorrosion Consulting, Durham, U.K.
Peter L. Rinaldi = Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.
Clayt Robinson = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Ken K. Robinson = Mega-Carbon Company, St. Charles, Illinois, U.S.A.
Alexander F. Routh = Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.
Wolfgang Ruettinger = Engelhard Corporation, Iselin, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Gregory T. Rushton = Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, U.S.A.
James M. Ryan = Ryan Consulting, Inc., Fort Myers, Florida, U.S.A.
Ajit Sadana = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Krishnendu Saha = Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Sangrama K. Sahoo = Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, U.S.A. C. Sanchez = Chimie de la Matie`re Condense´e, Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie,
Jussieu, Paris, France
Abhay Sardesai = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Robert J. Schmidt = UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.
Karl B. Schnelle, Jr. = Department of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.
M. J. Scorah = Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Edmund G. Seebauer = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Arup K. Sengupta = Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Sukalyan Sengupta = Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Selim M. Senkan = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Xinming Shao = Akebono Corporation, Farmington Hills, Michigan, U.S.A.
Zengyi Shao = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
J. M. Shaw = Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
H. H. Sheena = Polymer Processing and Performance Research Unit, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, U.K.
Ken D. Shimizu = Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A.
Allen R. Siedle = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Michael R. Simurdiak = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Azad Singh = Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India Shivaji Sircar = Chemical Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Andrew W. Sloley = VECO USA, Inc., Bellingham, Washington, U.S.A. Gary S. Smith = Arkema lnc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
John M. Smith = School of Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, U.K. Robin Smith = Centre for Process Integration, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K. Ryan G. Soderquist = Department of Chemical Engineering, Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington, U.S.A.
Stephen Sohn = UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.
G. J. A. A. Soler-Illia = Unidad de Actividad Quı´mica, CNEA, Centro Ato´mico Constituyentes, San Martı´n, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Chunshan Song = Clean Fuels and Catalysis Program, The Energy Institute and Department of Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Richard Q. Song = NL Chemical Technology, Inc., Mount Prospect, Illinois, U.S.A. James G. Speight = CD & W Inc., Laramie, Wyoming, U.S.A.
Vijay R. Srinivas = Arkema lnc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Jason Stephenson = Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Michael R. Stoner = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.
Truman S. Storvick = Chemical Engineering Department, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Kenneth Strawhecker = Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Kyung W. Suh = Midland, Michigan, U.S.A.
Timothy P. Sullivan = Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, U.S.A.
Steve Sund = Honeywell International Inc., Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A. Aydin K. Sunol = University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A. Sermin G. Sunol = University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A.
Kenji Takeuchi = Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Japan
Philippe A. Tanguy = URPEI, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Andreas Taubert = Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Maruicio Terrones = Advanced Materials Department, IPICyT, San Luis Potosı´, SLP, Me´xico Francis Thibault = URPEI, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada
Louis J. Thibodeaux = Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A. Cristina U. Thomas = 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Karsten E. Thompson = Gordon A. and Mary Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Frank M. Tiller = Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Maria P. Torres = Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A.
James M. Tour = Departments of Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Center for Nanoscale Science, and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Linh T. T. Tran = Discipline of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
Drew D. Troyer = Noria Corporation, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
Maxwell Tsai = NL Chemical Technology, Inc., Mount Prospect, Illinois, U.S.A. Tom Chunghu Tsai = The Dow Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Uday T. Turaga = Clean Fuels and Catalysis Program, The Energy Institute and Department of Energy and Geo-Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Simant R. Upreti = Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Vikrant N. Urade = Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
Ivo F. J. Vankelecom = Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Interphase Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Charanya Varadarajan = Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A.
Angel Velez = Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Abhilash Vijayan = Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, U.S.A. V. V. Viswanathan = Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, U.S.A. Dionisios G. Vlachos = Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Catalytic Science
and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A. Tuan Vo-Dinh = Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Bipin V. Vora = UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.
Chun Wang = Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
J. R. White = School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, U.K.
Kimberly A. Woodhouse = Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Guy B. Woodle = UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, U.S.A.
Jiangning Wu = Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Eleanore T. Wurtzel = Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, The City University
of New York, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.
Nicholas Patrick Wynn = Sulzer Chemtech GmbH, Neunkirchen, Germany
Xuekun Xing = NTK Powderdex, Inc., Wixom, Michigan, U.S.A. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Yushan Yan = Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, U.S.A.
Shang-Tian Yang = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Xiaobo Yang = Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany
Hirotsugu K. Yasuda = University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.
Mingli Ye = Departments of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
Teh Fu Yen = University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. W. S. Yip = Suncor Energy Inc., Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada
W. C. Yu = Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
John Zabasajja = MOS 12, Technology and Manufacturing, Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector (SPS), Chandler, Arizona, U.S.A.
Jacques L. Zakin = Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Sergei V. Zelentsov = Chemical Department, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Nadezda V. Zelentsova = Chemical Department, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Ying Zhang = Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
Huimin Zhao = Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.
Haishan Zheng = Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, U.S.A.
Contents
Contributors
Topical Table of Contents Preface
Volume 1
Absorption Equipment = Karl B. Schnelle, Jr. and Partha Dey . . . 1 Activated Sludge Process = Shankha K. Banerji . . . 11 Adsorption = Shivaji Sircar . . . 25 Advanced Oxidation = Sangchul Hwang . . . 41 Alkaline Zn–MnO2Batteries = Chung-Chiun Liu and Xuekun Xing . . . 51
Alkylation Processes to Produce High-Quality Gasolines = Lyle F. Albright and
James M. Ryan . . . 57 Animal Cell Culture = Shang-Tian Yang and Shubhayu Basu . . . 67 Antioxidants = S. Al-Malaika and H. H. Sheena . . . 81 Biocatalysis = Tyler Johannes, Michael R. Simurdiak, and Huimin Zhao . . . 101 Biofilms = T. Reg. Bott . . . 111 Biofuels and Bioenergy = Dinesh Gera . . . 121 Bioinformatics and Modeling Biological Systems = Shwetal Patel and
Jeremy S. Edwards . . . 131 Biomass to Ethanol = Randy S. Lewis, Rohit P. Datar, and Raymond L. Huhnke . . . 143 Biomaterials = Sujata K. Bhatia and Surita R. Bhatia . . . 153 BioMEMS = L. James Lee . . . 161 Biomolecular Engineering = Zengyi Shao, Ee Lui Ang, and Huimin Zhao . . . 171 Bioprocess and Chemical Process Intensification = G. Akay . . . 183 Bioprocessing = Ryan G. Soderquist and James M. Lee . . . 199 Bioremediation = Teresa J. Cutright . . . 207 Bioseparations = Shubhayu Basu and Shang-Tian Yang . . . 221 Blowing Agent = Kyung W. Suh . . . 237 Branching Level Detection in Polymers = M.J. Scorah, R. Dhib, and A. Penlidis . . . 251 Bubble Cap Tray = Stanley Marple . . . 269 Bulk Molding and Sheet Molding Compounds = Sanjeev N. Rao and
Krishnan Jayaraman . . . 283 Capsule Pipeline = Henry Liu . . . 295 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Disposal: Carbon Sequestration = K. S. Lackner,
A.-H. Park, and L.-S. Fan . . . 305 Carbon Fibers from Lignin-Recyclable Plastic Blends = Satoshi Kubo and
John F. Kadla . . . 317 Carbon Nanotubes = Morinobu Endo, Yoong-Ahm Kim, Takuya Hayashi,
Kenji Takeuchi, Maruicio Terrones, and Mildred S. Dresselhaus . . . 333 Catalyst Preparation = X. D. Hu and Michael W. Balakos . . . 345
Catalytic Combustion for Thermal Energy Generation = Daniel G. Lo¨ffler . . . 361 Catalytic Cracking = Paul O’Connor . . . 371 Catalytic Dehydrogenation = Bipin V. Vora and Peter R. Pujado´ . . . 379 Catalytic Naphtha Reforming = Abdullah M. Aitani . . . 397 Centrifuges = Alan G. Letki . . . 407 Ceramics = Stephen J. Lombardo . . . 417 Chemical Mechanical Planarization in Integrated Circuit Manufacturing =
John Zabasajja . . . 429 Chemical Vapor Deposition = David G. Retzloff . . . 441 Chiral Drug Separation = Bingyun Li and Donald T. Haynie . . . 449 Chlorofluorocarbons = Byung Gwon Lee and Youn-Woo Lee . . . 459 CHP Technology/Systems = Louay M. Chamra and B. K. Hodge . . . 469 Chromatographic Separations = Scott M. Husson . . . 481 Coal–Water Slurries = S. Komar Kawatra . . . 495 Computational Fluid Dynamics = Andre´ Bakker and Elizabeth Marden Marshall . . . 505 Computer-Aided Process Engineering = Andrzej Kraslawski . . . 517 Conductive Polymers = Ronald W. Gumbs . . . 527 Contact Angles, Surface Tension, and Capillarity = Peter R. Pujado´ . . . 539 Corrosion in the Process Industries = J. A. Richardson and R. A. Cottis . . . 549 Critical Phase Behavior = J. Richard Elliott, Jr. . . 563 Cross-Linked Polyethylene = Carosena Meola, Giovanni Maria Carlomagno, and
Giuseppe Giorleo . . . 577 Crystal Growth = C. W. Lan, W. C. Yu, and W. C. Hsu . . . 589 Cumene Production = Robert J. Schmidt . . . 603 Dehumidification = Louay M. Chamra and B. Keith Hodge . . . 617 Denitrogenation = Daeik Kim and Teh Fu Yen . . . 627 Design of Extrusion Dies = Milivoje M. Kostic and Louis G. Reifschneider . . . 633 Desulfurization = Chunshan Song, Uday T. Turaga, and Xiaoliang Ma . . . 651 Detergent Alkylate = Bipin Vora, Andrea Bozzano, and Stephen Sohn . . . 663 Detergent Enzymes = Michael R. Stoner, Douglas A. Dale,
Alfred Gaertner, and Theodore W. Randolph . . . 673
Volume 2
Diamond Films = Angel L. Velez and Mark A. Prelas . . . 685 Diamond-Like Carbon Films = Angel Velez and Mark A. Prelas . . . 695 Differential Scanning Calorimetry = John O. Hill . . . 699 Dimethyl Ether = Abhay Sardesai . . . 707 Dimethylcarbonate = Byung Gwon Lee . . . 719 Distillation Column Design: Packing = Andrew W. Sloley . . . 729 Distillation Column Design: Trays = Andrew W. Sloley . . . 749 Drag Reducing Agents = Jacques L. Zakin, Ying Zhang, and Yunying Qi . . . 767 Dust Explosion Hazard Assessment and Control = Vahid Ebadat . . . 787 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis = Kevin P. Menard . . . 799 Education on Plant Design = Truman S. Storvick . . . 813 Electrodeposition = Andre´ Avelino Pasa and Maximiliano Luis Munford . . . 821 Electronic Chemical Sensors = Chung-Chiun Liu . . . 833 Electroplating = Helen H. Lou and Yinlun Huang . . . 839 Electrostatic Precipitation = Kenneth R. Parker . . . 849
Emulsion Polymerization = Vincent G. Gomes . . . 863 Enhanced Oil Recovery = Kishore K. Mohanty and Gerard T. Caneba . . . 881 Environmental Chemodynamics = Louis J. Thibodeaux . . . 891 Environmental Law and Policy = Don C. Haddox and Teresa J. Cutright . . . 899 Epoxy Resins = Ian Hamerton . . . 911 Ethylbenzene = Guy B. Woodle . . . 929 Fermentation Processes = Kimberly Ogden . . . 941 Fermenter Design = Kishore K. Kar, Juergen Lueske, and Richard F. Cope . . . 951 Fluid Flow = Theodore Reginald Bott . . . 975 Fluid Transport in Porous Media = Michael C. Brooks . . . 987 Fluidization = A.-H. Park and L.-S. Fan . . . 997 Fluidized Bed Reactor = John R. Grace, Jamal Chaouki, and Todd Pugsley . . . 1009 Fluorescent Coatings for High Temperature Phosphor Thermometry = S. W. Allison,
W. A. Hollerman, S. M. Goedeke, M. R. Cates, and T. J. Bencic . . . .1021 Fluoropolymers = Sina Ebnesajjad . . . 1031 Fouling of Heat Exchangers = T. Reg. Bott . . . 1043 Fractal Geometry: Applications = Douglas K. Ludlow . . . 1053 Free-Radical Polymerization = Yadunandan Lal Dar, Rajeev Farwaha, and
Gerard T. Caneba . . . .1057 Friction Materials = Sunil Kesavan and Xinming Shao . . . 1071 Fuel Cell Membranes = Andrew M. Herring . . . 1085 Functional Biomaterials = Chun Wang . . . 1099 Gas Explosion Hazard: Prevention and Protection = Dehong Kong . . . 1109 Gas–Liquid Contactors = Kishore K. Kar, Richard F. Cope, and Juergen Lueske . . . 1119 Gas–Liquid Mixing in Agitated Reactors = John C. Middleton,
John M. Smith, and Piero M. Armenante . . . .1131 Gas-Phase Lubrication of MEMS Devices: Using Alcohol Vapor Adsorption Isotherm
for Lubrication of Silicon Oxides = Kenneth Strawhecker,
David B. Asay, and Seong H. Kim . . . .1143 Gas–Solid Reactions = Douglas P. Harrison . . . 1151 Gas-to-Liquid Mass Transfer = Huu D. Doan, Simant R. Upreti, and Ali Lohi . . . 1163 Geothermal Energy = Sunggyu Lee and H. Bryan Lanterman . . . 1175 Greenhouse Gas Management for Multiplant Complexes = Ralph W. Pike . . . 1189 Heat Exchanger Operation and Troubleshooting = T. Reg. Bott . . . 1203 Heat Transfer Fluids = Satish C. Mohapatra . . . 1211 Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) = Sharad M. Dave . . . 1221 Heterogeneous Catalysis = Richard W. Rice and James G. Goodwin, Jr. . . 1235 High-Pressure Reactor Design = Joseph M. Lambert, Jr. and
Steven C. Hukvari . . . .1245 Hollow Fiber Technology = Vicki Chen and Pierre Le-Clech . . . 1253 Hybrid Materials (Organic–Inorganic) = C. Sanchez and G. J. A. A. Soler-Illia . . . 1267 Hydrocracking = James G. Speight . . . 1281 Hydrodesulfurization = James G. Speight . . . 1289 Hydrodynamics of Trickle-Bed Reactors = K. D. P. Nigam and Arunabha Kundu . . . 1297 Hydrogels = Jae Hyung Park, Kang Moo Huh, Mingli, Ye, and Kinam Park . . . 1307 Hydrogen Bonding = J. Richard Elliott, Jr. . . 1319 Hydrogenation = Xiaobo Yang . . . 1325 Hydrogenation Reactions in Dense Gas Systems = Gary Combes,
Hydrophilic Polymers for Biomedical Applications = Frank Davis and
Se´amus P. J. Higson . . . .1349 Hydrotreating Catalysts and Processes: Current Status and Path Forward =
Arunabha Kundu, Nishith Dwivedi, Azad Singh, and K. D. P. Nigam . . . .1357
Volume 3
Immobilized Enzyme Technology = Charles G. Hill, Jr., Cristina Otero, and
Hugo S. Garcia . . . .1367 Incineration and Combustion = Selim M. Senkan . . . 1381 Injection Molding = David O. Kazmer . . . 1401 Ion Exchange = Sukalyan Sengupta and Arup K. Sengupta . . . 1411 Ion Exchange Resin = Sukalyan Sengupta and Arup K. SenGupta . . . 1427 Latex Processing = Alexander F. Routh . . . 1445 Liquid–Liquid Mixing in Agitated Reactors = Richard V. Calabrese,
Douglas E. Leng, and Piero M. Armenante . . . .1457 Lithium–Ion Battery = Chung-Chiun Liu and Xuekun Xing . . . 1469 Loss Prevention in Chemical Processing = Joel M. Haight . . . 1483 Low-Pressure Cascade Arc Torch = Hirotsugu Yasuda . . . 1493 Lubrication Performance Factors for Chemical Process Plant Machinery =
Jim C. Fitch and Drew D. Troyer . . . .1511 Mass Transfer Enhancement Because of Flow Instabilities = Vimal Kumar and
K. D. P. Nigam . . . .1531 Materials Modeling = Sanat Mohanty, Gregg Caldwell, Manish Jain, and
Cristina U. Thomas . . . .1551 Measuring Experimental Quantities Using Simple Fluorescence = W. A. Hollerman,
S. W. Allison, S. M. Goedeke, and M. R. Cates . . . .1561 Membrane Reactors = Ivo F. J. Vankelecom . . . 1575 Mesoporous Silica Films = Hugh W. Hillhouse and Brian W. Eggiman . . . 1587 Metallocene Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization = T. C. Chung . . . 1599 Microelectronics Fabrication = Edmund G. Seebauer and Charlotte T. M. Kwok . . . 1615 Microfabrication = Chung-Chiun Liu . . . 1627 Microgravity Processing of Materials = Robert Naumann . . . 1633 Microreactors and Microreaction Engineering = Richard I. Masel, Scott Gold, and
Zheng Ni . . . .1643 Microscale Fuel Cells = J. D. Holladay and V. V. Viswanathan . . . 1663 Microscopy of Ionomers = Andreas Taubert and Brian P. Kirkmeyer . . . 1673 Microwave Processing of Ceramics = Eldon D. Case . . . 1687 Mixing and Chemical Reactions = Edward L. Paul, Suzanne M. Kresta, and
Arthur W. Etchells . . . .1699 Molecular Bioengineering = Sundararajan V. Madihally . . . 1709 Molecular Modeling for Nonequilibrium Chemical Processes = Dionisios G. Vlachos . . . 1717 Molecular Self-Assembly = Yoon Seob Lee and James F. Rathman . . . 1727 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers = Gregory T. Rushton and
Ken D. Shimizu . . . .1737 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells = Prabhu Ganesan, Branko N. Popov, and
Rajam Pattabiraman . . . .1747 Multiphase Mixing and Solid–Liquid Mixing in Agitated Reactors =
Piero M. Armenante, Victor Atiemo-Obeng, and W. Roy Penney . . . .1767 Multiphase Reactors = Stanley M. Barnett . . . 1781
Nanoimprint Technology and Its Applications = L. Jay Guo . . . 1791 Nanomaterials = David S. J. Arney, Jimmie R. Baran, Allen R. Siedle, and
Matthew H. Frey . . . .1803 Nanoporous Dielectric Materials = Jorge A. Lubguban and
Shubhra Gangopadhyay . . . .1813 Nanostructured Materials = Vikrant N. Urade and Hugh W. Hillhouse . . . 1825 Nanotribology = Jonathan W. Bender and Xiaodong Li . . . 1837 Natural Gas Hydrates = P. R. Bishnoi and Matthew A. Clarke . . . 1849 Natural Gas Utilization = Peter R. Pujado´ . . . 1865 New Flame Retardant Materials: Nonhalogenated Additives from Brominated
Starting Materials and Inherently Low-Flammability Polymers = Alexander B. Morgan, Joshua Jurs, Jason Stephenson, and
James M. Tour . . . .1879 Nickel–Cadmium Battery = Chung-Chiun Liu and Xuekun Xing . . . 1897 NMR in Chemical Processing = Sangrama K. Sahoo and Peter L. Rinaldi . . . 1907 NMR Spectroscopy of Polymers in Solution = Sangrama K. Sahoo and
Peter L. Rinaldi . . . .1919 NOxRemoval = Mike Bradford and Rajiv Grover . . . 1935
Numerical Computations for Chemical Process Analysis and Design =
David G. Retzloff . . . .1949 Onsite and Offsite Emergency Preparedness for Chemical Facilities and
Chemical Transportation = Michael K. Lindell and Ronald W. Perry . . . 1959 Oriented Morphologies: Development in Polymer Processing = Mario A. Perez . . . 1973 Osmotic Distillation = Bob Johnson . . . 1985 Ozone Treatment = Jiangning Wu . . . 1993
Volume 4
Packed Absorption Column Design = Karl B. Schnelle, Jr. and Partha Dey . . . 2003 Particle–Particle Interaction: Improvements in the Prediction of DLVO Forces =
Anh V. Nguyen, Linh T. T. Tran, and Jan D. Miller . . . .2017 Pervaporation: Vapor Permeation = Nicholas Patrick Wynn . . . 2031 Petroleum Refinery Distillation = Stanley Marple . . . 2053 Phase Behavior of Hydrocarbon Mixtures = X.-Y. Zou and J. M. Shaw . . . 2067 Phase Equilibria = Karl B. Schnelle, Jr. . . 2077 Phenolic Resins = Adriane G. Ludwick and Mohamed O. Abdalla . . . 2089 Photodegradation of Polymers = J. R. White . . . 2101 Photoresists = Sergei V. Zelentsov and Nadezda V. Zelentsova . . . 2111 Photovoltaic Materials = Richard Corkish . . . 2129 Phytoremediation = Joel G. Burken . . . 2139 Pilot Plant and Minipilot Units = Richard P. Palluzi . . . 2147 Pinch Design and Analysis = Robin Smith and Jin-Kuk Kim . . . 2165 Pipeline Safety = Glenn B. DeWolf . . . 2181 Plant Metabolic Engineering = Eleanore T. Wurtzel and Erich Grotewold . . . 2191 Plasma Etching = David G. Retzloff . . . 2201 Plasma Polymerization Coating = Hirotsugu K. Yasuda . . . 2215 Pollution Prevention = Ashok Kumar, Harish G. Rao, Abhilash Vijayan, and
Charanya Varadarajan . . . .2231 Polyanhydrides = Maria P. Torres, Amy S. Determan, Surya K. Mallapragada, and
Polybutadiene = William L. Hergenrother, Mark DeDecker, and Dan F. Graves . . . 2259 Polycarbonate (PC) = Sarah E. Morgan and Jun Li . . . 2277 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) = Teresa J. Cutright and
Sangchul Hwang . . . .2291 Polymer Clay Nanocomposites = Hyoung J. Choi, Ji W. Kim, and Myung S. Jhon . . . 2301 Polymer Composites = Youssef K. Hamidi, M. Cengiz Altan, and
Brian P. Grady . . . .2313 Polymeric Membranes = Takeshi Matsuura and Mehrdad Rafat . . . 2323 Polymerization Reactions: Modeling, Design, and Control = Kyu Yong Choi . . . 2335 Polysaccharides = Anton Huber . . . 2349 Polyurethanes = Joanna D. Fromstein and Kimberly A. Woodhouse . . . 2369 Polyvinylidene Fluoride = Jeffrey H. Yen and Ramin Amin-Sanayei . . . 2379 Porous Media = Karsten E. Thompson . . . 2391 Powder Coating Application Processes = Harry J. Lader . . . 2405 Power Factor = Peter R. Pujado´ . . . 2417 Pressure-Relief Valve Design = Jonathan Francis . . . 2423 Process Optimization = Ralph W. Pike . . . 2439 Processing of Pharmaceuticals Using Dense
Gas Technologies = R. Mammucari, F. Dehghani, and N. R. Foster . . . 2451 Propylene Production = Abdullah M. Aitani . . . 2461 Protein Design = Zhilei Chen and Huimin Zhao . . . 2467 Protein Folding: Biomedical Implications = Ajit Sadana, Tuan Vo-Dinh, and
Nigil Satish Jeyashekar . . . .2479 Protein Production in Transgenic Plants: Development
and Commercialization = Wayne R. Curtis . . . 2489 Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells = Pyoungho Choi, Pradeep Haldar, and
Ravindra Datta . . . .2501 Reactive Extrusion = Gerard T. Caneba . . . 2531 Reactive Separation = Vincent G. Gomes . . . 2541 Reactor Engineering = Ken K. Robinson . . . 2557 Real-Time Optimization: Status, Issues, and Opportunities = J. F. Forbes,
T. E. Marlin, and W. S. Yip . . . .2585 Recent Advances in Catalytic Distillation = Flora T. T. Ng . . . 2599 Recycling of Spent Tires = Roger N. Beers and David A. Benko . . . 2613 Reformulated Gasoline = A. K. Dalai and D. Ferdous . . . 2625 Renewable Energy = Gareth P. Harrison . . . 2635 Reprocessing of Domestic Spent Nuclear Fuel = Truman S. Storvick . . . 2647 Resid Conversion = James G. Speight . . . 2655
Volume 5
Rheology of Cellulose Liquid Crystalline Polymers = Qizhou Dai,
Richard Gilbert, and John F. Kadla . . . .2663 Rotational Molding of Polymers = Ce´line T. Bellehumeur . . . 2677 Rubber Devulcanization = David A. Benko and
Roger N. Beers . . . .2691 Scrubbers = S. Komar Kawatra . . . 2701 Six Sigma Design: An Overview of Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) =
Size Reduction = Sunil Kesavan . . . 2735 Soave’s Modified Redlich–Kwong Equation of State = J. Richard Elliott, Jr. . . 2747 Solid–Liquid Mixing: Numerical Simulation and Physical Experiments =
Philippe A. Tanguy, Francis Thibault, Gabriel Ascanio, and
Edmundo Brito-De La Fuente . . . .2753 Solid–Liquid Separation = Frank M. Tiller and Wenping Li . . . 2769 Solvent Refining Processes = Roland H. Heck . . . 2791 Solvents = Satish C. Mohapatra . . . 2799 Sonochemical Reaction Engineering = David A. Bruce and Amarnath Nareddy . . . 2811 Sorbent Technology = Shuguang Deng . . . 2825 Spinning Disk Reactor = R. J. J. Jachuck and J. R. Burns . . . 2847 Styrene = Guy B. Woodle . . . 2859 Styrene–Butadiene Rubber = Jing Peng . . . 2871 Superabsorbents = Takamasa Nonaka . . . 2881 Supercritical CO2-Assisted Surface Coating Injection Molding =
Masahiro Ohshima . . . .2897 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) = Ram B. Gupta . . . 2907 Supercritical Fluid Technology: Reactions = Aydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, and
Naveed Aslam . . . .2915 Supercritical Water Oxidation = Ram B. Gupta . . . 2927 Synthesis Gas = Kim Aasberg-Petersen . . . 2933 Tar Sand = James G. Speight . . . 2947 Theoretical Aspects of Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Polymers =
James J. Feng . . . .2955 Thermal Analysis Techniques: Overview = John O. Hill . . . 2965 Thermal Cracking of Hydrocarbons = Tom Chunghu Tsai and
Lyle F. Albright . . . .2975 Thermal Desorption = Timothy P. Sullivan . . . 2987 Thermal Stability of Chemical Reactors = Haishan Zheng and
Jason M. Keith . . . .2997 Thermogravimetric Analysis = John O. Hill . . . 3009 Thermomechanical Analysis = Kevin P. Menard . . . 3023 Thermosets: Materials, Processes, and Waste Minimization = Kwok-Wai Lem,
Sean A. Curran, Steve Sund, and Mina Gabriel . . . .3031 Thin Film Processes in MEMS and NEMS Technologies = W. R. Ashurst,
C. Carraro and R. Maboudian . . . .3049 Thin Film Science and Technology = T. L. Alford, J. Kouvetakis, and
J. W. Mayer . . . .3061 Thin Liquid Film Deposition = Myung S. Jhon and Thomas E. Karis . . . 3075 Thiochemicals: Mercaptans, Sulfides, and Polysulfides = Jeffrey Yen,
Vijay R. Srinivas, and Gary S. Smith . . . .3089 Thiochemicals: Mercapto Acids and Organosulfur (IV/VI) Compounds = Jeffrey H. Yen,
Gary S. Smith, and Vijay R. Srinivas . . . .3101 Tissue Engineering = Shang-Tian Yang and Clayt Robinson . . . 3115 Trace Elements = Ian D. Brindle . . . 3129 Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Science = Rolf Erni and
Nigel D. Browning . . . .3139 Tubular Reactors: Reactor Types and Selected Process Applications = Patrick L. Mills and
Joseph M. Lambert, Jr. . . .3151 Twin-Screw Extrusion = Paul Andersen . . . 3167
Use of Lipases to Isolate Polyunsaturated and Oxygenated Fatty Acids
and Form Value-Added Ester Products = Douglas G. Hayes . . . 3179 Vapor–Liquid–Solid Synthesis of Nanowires = Brian A. Korgel, Tobias Hanrath, and
Forrest M. Davidson, III . . . .3191 Water Gas Shift Reaction = Wolfgang Ruettinger and Oleg Ilinich . . . 3205 Water Reclamation = Mark A. Kuehne, Norman N. Li, Richard Q. Song,
Maxwell Tsai, and Jane C. Li . . . .3217 Wide Band-Gap Electronics Materials = Mark A. Prelas and Krishnendu Saha . . . 3227 Zeolite Membranes = Yushan Yan, Zijian Li, Shuang Li, and Christopher Lew . . . 3237 Ziegler–Natta Catalysis = John C. Chadwick . . . 3247 Index
Topical Table of Contents
Advanced Materials
Carbon Nanotubes = Morinobu Endo, Yoong-Ahm Kim, Takuya Hayashi,
Kenji Takeuchi, Maruicio Terrones, and Mildred S. Dresselhaus . . . 333 Ceramics = Stephen J. Lombardo . . . 417 Conductive Polymers = Ronald W. Gumbs . . . 527 Diamond Films = Angel Velez and Mark A. Prelas . . . 685 Diamond-Like Carbon Films = Angel Velez and Mark A. Prelas . . . 695 Electrodeposition = Andre´ Avelino Pasa and Maximiliano Luis Munford . . . 821 Friction Materials = Sunil Kesavan and Xinming Shao . . . 1071 Fuel Cell Membranes = Andrew M. Herring . . . 1085 Functional Biomaterials = Chun Wang . . . 1099 Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) = Sharad M. Dave . . . 1221 Hollow Fiber Technology = Vicki Chen and Pierre Le-Clech . . . 1253 Hybrid Materials (Organic–Inorganic) = C. Sanchez and G. J. A. A. Soler-Illia . . . 1267 Hydrogels = Jae Hyung Park, Kang Moo Huh, Mingli Ye, and Kinam Park . . . 1307 Ion Exchange Resin = Sukalyan Sengupta and Arup K. Sengupta . . . 1427 Materials Modeling = Sanat Mohanty, Gregg Caldwell, Manish Jain, and
Cristina U. Thomas . . . .1551 Membrane Reactors = Ivo F. J. Vankelecom . . . 1575 Mesoporous Silica Films = Brian W. Eggiman and Hugh W. Hillhouse . . . 1587 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers = Gregory T. Rushton and Ken D. Shimizu . . . 1737 Nanostructured Materials = Vikrant N. Urade and Hugh W. Hillhouse . . . 1825 New Flame Retardant Materials: Nonhalogenated Additives from Brominated
Starting Materials and Inherently Low-Flammability Polymers =
Alexander B. Morgan, Joshua Jurs, Jason Stephenson, and James M. Tour . . . .1879 Photovoltaic Materials = Richard Corkish . . . 2129 Polyanhydrides = Maria P. Torres, Amy S. Determan, Surya K. Mallapragada, and
Balaji Narasimhan . . . .2247 Porous Media = Karsten E. Thompson . . . 2391 Superabsorbents = Takamasa Nonaka . . . 2881 Theoretical Aspects of Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Polymers =
James J. Feng . . . .2955 Thin Film Processes in MEMS and NEMS Technologies = W. R. Ashurst,
C. Carraro, and R. Maboudian . . . .3049 Thin Film Science and Technology = T. L. Alford, J. Kouvetakis, and
J. W. Mayer . . . .3061 Thin Liquid Film Deposition = Myung S. Jhon and Thomas E. Karis . . . 3075 Wide Band-Gap Electronics Materials = Mark A. Prelas and Krishnendu Saha . . . 3227 Zeolite Membranes = Yushan Yan, Zijian Li, Shuang Li, and Christopher Lew . . . 3237
