Apple's Global Supply Chain

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Global Supply Chain Management

[Christos Papanagnou]

[Dilipsinh Jadeja] | [International Business] | @00509412]

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Introduction:

It is

It is nearly 30 years since the nearly 30 years since the term "Supply Chain Management" first appeared. Sinceterm "Supply Chain Management" first appeared. Since

then there has been a revolution has

then there has been a revolution has been in the way that been in the way that organisations view their upstream supply process and theirorganisations view their upstream supply process and their

downstream routes to marketplace

downstream routes to marketplace. Still there . Still there are major gaps between the philosophy and the real scenario of supplyare major gaps between the philosophy and the real scenario of supply

chain managem

chain management but there is ent but there is no doubt that it no doubt that it is an important essential in most is an important essential in most compancompanies today (Mangan et al.,ies today (Mangan et al.,

2002).

Global Supply Chain is a

Global Supply Chain is a network which comprises a firm's relations with othernetwork which comprises a firm's relations with other

business units like

business units like raw materiaraw material suppliers, financl suppliers, financial, manufaial, manufacturing faculty, scturing faculty, sales and males and market, logistics and arket, logistics and other unitsother units

which takes part in flow

which takes part in flow of materials. However, inputs can be in different modes like of materials. However, inputs can be in different modes like data or information, finances,data or information, finances,

raw inventory and services regarding materials. Inputs in supply chain continuously flows around whole network in

forward and reverse flow from the original producer to fi

forward and reverse flow from the original producer to final customer to increase profitability through efficiencies andnal customer to increase profitability through efficiencies and

utmost the customer satisfaction.

This report contents how Gartner's top ranked supply chain since 2007

This report contents how Gartner's top ranked supply chain since 2007 and tech giantand tech giant

company Apple leads their sectors and build supply chains that

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Apple's Global Supply Chain

Characteristics:

--One of the significant changes in Apple's supply

One of the significant changes in Apple's supply chain managechain management is to ment is to focus wasfocus was

primarily on cos

primarily on cost reduction and is t reduction and is now appear thnow appear that, properly mat, properly managed, thesanaged, these ideas, cae ideas, can deliver to enhan deliver to enhanced connced consumersumer

delight.

(Source: - SlideShare)

There are two flows of Global supply

There are two flows of Global supply chain. One is Information flow and other ischain. One is Information flow and other is

Material flow. Information flow comes from

Material flow. Information flow comes from the customer to the customer to manufactumanufacturer and material flow rer and material flow goes from manufacturergoes from manufacturer

to customer. Apple works with its

to customer. Apple works with its strategicastrategical global supply l global supply chain and its characterised as below-chain and its characterised as

below-1.

1. Asset Management: -Asset Management:

-Apple's essential character in global supply chain is the asset management. Tim

Apple's essential character in global supply chain is the asset management. Tim

Cook's (Apple's CEO) doctrine was from the beginning is

Cook's (Apple's CEO) doctrine was from the beginning is to slash inventory, decrease the number of warehouses andto slash inventory, decrease the number of warehouses and

let suppliers compete with each other. Thus, Apple's responsibilities towards production minimizes and it can

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emphasis focus upon other flows of supply chain.

emphasis focus upon other flows of supply chain. In 2012, Apple Inc. was said In 2012, Apple Inc. was said to turn inventory every Five to turn inventory every Five days, Halfdays, Half

of turnover in

of turnover in compare to other business organizations (Clara Lu,2013).compare to other business organizations (Clara Lu,2013).

2.

2. Information ManagemInformation Management and ent and Continuous Data Analysis:Continuous Data Analysis:-

-Data analysis is process which

Data analysis is process which determines customdetermines customers' response and suppliers' details.ers' response and suppliers' details.

Apple collects vast amount of information from 'end-to-end' sources and it

Apple collects vast amount of information from 'end-to-end' sources and it helps company to its supply chain to helps company to its supply chain to meetmeet

the customer's requirement and reduced the cost

the customer's requirement and reduced the cost (Merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp, 2017)(Merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp, 2017)..

1. Understanding demand and supply

1. Understanding demand and supply requiremenrequirements.ts.

2. Analyzing cost

3. Achieve

3. Achieve operational excellenceoperational excellence

4. Improving decision making

5. Forecasting chain supply

6.maintain sustainable inventory

3.

3. ProcuremeProcurement: nt: -

-Procurement (

Procurement (Apple.com,2017)Apple.com,2017) is the key aspect for each is the key aspect for each company tocompany to

represent itself in front of

represent itself in front of its suppliers, customers and stake holders. It's its suppliers, customers and stake holders. It's always been a mojo for Apple toalways been a mojo for Apple to

procure delight to customers and suppliers through

procure delight to customers and suppliers through its excellence. Apple' Inc stated in its website that theits excellence. Apple' Inc stated in its website that the

goal is to obtain stellar products and services within short timeframes, at a reduced cost and in a way, that

values its customers and shareholders.

Apple being the largest producers of electronic gadgets has

Apple being the largest producers of electronic gadgets has its flagship supplierits flagship supplier

Foxconn, a Taiwanese company, is one of its strategic supply partners that churn out 10,000 of Apple's

products every day. It is very important that relationship is mutually beneficial. It is a fine example of

procurement playing a lead role in supply ch

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4.

4. Supply chain Planning: -Supply chain Planning:

-Supply chain planning contains all of the information regarding all departments,

Supply chain planning contains all of the information regarding all departments,

flow of materials and data, rese

flow of materials and data, research and analysis regarding the future, present and the past arch and analysis regarding the future, present and the past products,products,

analyzing cost and scopes of respective work-forces in supply chain of Apple.

It also concludes below components as well,

Customer Focus:

-Customer focus is the main character of supply chain and Apple invest more

Customer focus is the main character of supply chain and Apple invest more

time to provide customer-oriented product, gives after sale

time to provide customer-oriented product, gives after sale services and collect feservices and collect feedbacks. That is the reasonedbacks. That is the reason

Apple has the most loyal customers in its

Apple has the most loyal customers in its market and vice versa.market and vice versa.

Order Processing:

-Order processing shows how customers wants our products and how

Order processing shows how customers wants our products and how

company building the product. It is the method of making the product customer friendly with efficient ti

company building the product. It is the method of making the product customer friendly with efficient timeme

and effort.

Sales Forecasting:

-Sales forecasting enables business organisation to interpret the demand and

Sales forecasting enables business organisation to interpret the demand and

which particular type of product customer wants. Unlike others, Apple launches its

which particular type of product customer wants. Unlike others, Apple launches its devices once in a yeardevices once in a year

for enabling company to find accuracy of customer's demand.

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5.

5. Supply Chain Strategy: -Supply Chain Strategy:

-Supply chain strategy comprises the way of dealing the things, what

Supply chain strategy comprises the way of dealing the things, what would be thewould be the

company'

company's approach in s approach in certain levels and building certain levels and building some criteria for being rsome criteria for being responsive against the undesirable situation.esponsive against the undesirable situation.

6.

6. Logistic management and reliable sources: -Logistic management and reliable sources:

-Global supply chain can only complete after logistic management. It shows how

Global supply chain can only complete after logistic management. It shows how

reliable suppliers company has and how company maintains the relationships with all of its

reliable suppliers company has and how company maintains the relationships with all of its transport and logistictransport and logistic

modes. Apple's key characteris

modes. Apple's key characteristics of supply chain is tics of supply chain is its trusted suppliers across the globe. Apple rits trusted suppliers across the globe. Apple researcheesearches ands and

designs their product in USA but

designs their product in USA but for resourcing it goes abroad in for resourcing it goes abroad in many countries and for that Apple has many countries and for that Apple has collaboratedcollaborated

with its trustworthy suppliers and

with its trustworthy suppliers and uses prepaid facilities to negotiate raw materials, pricing terms, and guarantee highuses prepaid facilities to negotiate raw materials, pricing terms, and guarantee high

volumes of production. It also helps

volumes of production. It also helps Apple to maintain competitive market for its - competitorsApple to maintain competitive market for its - competitors

(Aicd.compa

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Barriers:

-Barriers in forms, not in levels:

Barriers in forms, not in levels: - There are many factors which reduces the Apple's global supply chain in - There are many factors which reduces the Apple's global supply chain in

various forms. It can be

various forms. It can be distinguished in each level but as Apple is distinguished in each level but as Apple is focusing on Designing and Developing product,focusing on Designing and Developing product,

below barriers d

below barriers described in escribed in particular form particular form which is affewhich is affecting Apple's global sucting Apple's global supply chain.pply chain.



 Supplier's Risk: -Supplier's Risk:

-Suppliers' Risk is a

Suppliers' Risk is a major concern for Apple as it does not major concern for Apple as it does not manufacmanufacture its ownture its own

products. Apple'

products. Apple's key product iPhones key product iPhone, which is having , which is having more than a more than a half of comhalf of company's total revenue, mpany's total revenue, manufactureanufactures ins in

China. This is big risk to rely upon

China. This is big risk to rely upon other suppliers and also it resulted into overall performancother suppliers and also it resulted into overall performance of the Apple Inc.e of the Apple Inc.

(Slideshare.net, 2017).



 Trends: -Trends:

-Trends has a huge influence on every leading incorporations' supply chain and so

Trends has a huge influence on every leading incorporations' supply chain and so it hasit has

on Apple. New innovations lead to

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

 Competitiveness:Competitiveness:

Apple is lone device maker of i

Apple is lone device maker of its own operating system and other major brands like Samsung,ts own operating system and other major brands like Samsung,

Sony, Google and Nokia uses Android operating system. It’s reasonable that Apple has its

Sony, Google and Nokia uses Android operating system. It’s reasonable that Apple has its own monopoly inown monopoly in

products and d

products and designs with standesigns with standard rate iOS pard rate iOS products but curoducts but customers also pstomers also prefers chrefers cheap rate gadgeeap rate gadgets. That is thets. That is the

reason competitors are battling it out in

reason competitors are battling it out in medium range gadgmedium range gadgetsets



 GeographicaGeographical l EnvironmeEnvironment: nt: -

-Every country is following its own traditions and for that particular r

Every country is following its own traditions and for that particular reasoneason

Apple needs to adapt countries' culture. One of the mai

Apple needs to adapt countries' culture. One of the main service Apple provides in its product is Facetimen service Apple provides in its product is Facetime

and its video calling facilities

and its video calling facilities that allows apple users to do video calling but ithat allows apple users to do video calling but in UAE it is disabled.n UAE it is disabled.FaceTimeFaceTime is a data-based service that would, the carriers argue, reduce their revenues. Both Du and Etisalat prohibit

is a data-based service that would, the carriers argue, reduce their revenues. Both Du and Etisalat prohibit

users from calling via VoIP services such

users from calling via VoIP services such as viber and WhatsApp. This includesas viber and WhatsApp. This includes FaceTimeFaceTime which is disabled which is disabled

on all iPhones bought in the

on all iPhones bought in the UAEUAE in the software itself. It reduces customer's interest for not availing all the in the software itself. It reduces customer's interest for not availing all the

services.



 Language Barrier: -Language Barrier:

-it is

it is difficult to deal with difficult to deal with different languages in different countries. Language barriedifferent languages in different countries. Language barrier isr is

major issue to interact with the

major issue to interact with the suppliers and customers and it affects all the companies for not suppliers and customers and it affects all the companies for not responding in JITresponding in JIT

approach.

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Challenges:

-

 Sustainability: -Sustainability:

-Sustainability means a supply chain who maintain the three key factors

Sustainability means a supply chain who maintain the three key factors which iswhich is

Social, Environmental and Economical. Being a largest company on its sector, Apple has to focus these

factors for future generations and eco-friendly environment and also it has to maintain its economic value.



 Transparency: -Transparency:

-Few supply chains are scrutinized quite like Apple’s. As the technology

Few supply chains are scrutinized quite like Apple’s. As the technology

obtained from some Asian suppliers, a new profession has emerged in

obtained from some Asian suppliers, a new profession has emerged in a supply chain analyst, whereasa supply chain analyst, whereas

industry analysts of the past previous scoured quarterly earnings, now they delve deep into the opaque world

of supply chains (Forbes.com, 2017).

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

 Globalisation:Globalisation:

Globalization comprises change in politics, economics, social and technology

around the world. It does affect Apple Inc. and it is

around the world. It does affect Apple Inc. and it is beyond its control to manage it but to adjust. There is nobeyond its control to manage it but to adjust. There is no

doubt apple is globally accepted by their loyal customers but in some countries people prefers cheaper

products apart from standard and luxurious prod

products apart from standard and luxurious product. If US's relations with another county is not good uct. If US's relations with another county is not good then itthen it

directly affects the demand of united state of America's products. Tax and Tariffs might be the challenge for

the company to deal with as varies country by country.



 Competitors:Competitors:

Competitors(slideshare.net,2015) might discover better supply chain than

Apple's. Japanese giant, Sony is a key competitor which is coll

Apple's. Japanese giant, Sony is a key competitor which is collaborated with Apple's key supplier, Foxconnaborated with Apple's key supplier, Foxconn

and competitors like Sony may be challenge for Apple. Other Information Technology giants like Google,

Samsung and Microsoft is top contender in customer's list apart from Apple's product. There is no other

different thing or technology which is in Apple's devices and not in competitors' devices. However, Apple's

competitors have low price gadgets than Apple's iPhones, MacBook and iPads.

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3.0 3.0

I

NTEGRATION OF INTER

ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

REINFORCEMENT

:

-

-Definition of Supply Chain

Definition of Supply Chain IntegratIntegration(SCI): -ion(SCI):

-SCI is a term that concretize different communications channels and knots

SCI is a term that concretize different communications channels and knots

with a supply networks. It is the alignment and interl

with a supply networks. It is the alignment and interlinking of organisational process and it should not beinking of organisational process and it should not be

mystified with collaboration. Collaboration means a relationship between supply chain partners grown over

a business duration. Collaboration is not possible without integration but Integration is possib

a business duration. Collaboration is not possible without integration but Integration is possible in thele in the

absence of collaboration (Mangan et al., 2002).

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Internal integration: -

Internal integration:

-Above Graphs suggests (

Above Graphs suggests (Merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp.,2015)Merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp.,2015)how Apple take care of its privachow Apple take care of its privacy through highlyy through highly

secured internal supply chain integration. It is customer

secured internal supply chain integration. It is customer-centred chain that inspects the market needs -centred chain that inspects the market needs andand

then further processes regarding product's designing.it also responds new customer's hidden demand

then further processes regarding product's designing.it also responds new customer's hidden demand andand

requirements. planning is starts after researching the marketing, sales department and maintenance service

department's information. All of apple's departments are virtually integrated so perfect product will be the

outcome of its private process. After

outcome of its private process. After the visualization of design information, confirmed design has beenthe visualization of design information, confirmed design has been

done and its ready for the external collaborative suppliers.



 Internal integration processes of Apple enable:Internal integration processes of Apple enable:

(1) Frontend Development: - deriving product concept;

(2) Design information by Product Design visualizing;

(3) Design information by Procurement and M

(3) Design information by Procurement and Manufacturing through media choices;anufacturing through media choices;

(4) Design information through appealing customers by Sales and Marketing;

(5) maintenance activities managing design information as process routines and

(6) it also helps to supervise maintenance activities as routine process.

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 Apple's Collaboration with Global Organisations: -Apple's Collaboration with Global Organisations:

-Sharing information beyond the firm's boundaries can be

Sharing information beyond the firm's boundaries can be

critical. Therefore, it is very important for Apple Inc. to select their suppliers and business partners very

cautiously. It sounds strange but the fact is Apple

cautiously. It sounds strange but the fact is Apple does not acquire any manufacturing plants of iPhones indoes not acquire any manufacturing plants of iPhones in

its country of origin America. Apple outsources its product in China.Apple esta

its country of origin America. Apple outsources its product in China.Apple establish alliance with the globalblish alliance with the global

electronics manufacturing services (EMS) leading firm, Foxconn.Apple Inc., which has maintained No.1

position in achieving supply chain effectiveness. It is the number one

position in achieving supply chain effectiveness. It is the number one customer of Foxconn. Throughcustomer of Foxconn. Through

Foxconn's effective logistical configurations, Apple fascinated the worldwide customers by its innovative

products like iPhones and iPads. There are three main reasons behind

products like iPhones and iPads. There are three main reasons behind this strategic alliance this strategic alliance -

-(Umguiangacollege.files.wordpress.com, 2017).

(Umguiangacollege.files.wordpress.com, 2017).

1.Cost - Apple avail cost advantage through minimising administrative, maintenance and inventor

1.Cost - Apple avail cost advantage through minimising administrative, maintenance and inventory costsy costs

2.Manufacturing - Apple can easily focus on demand fluctuations and changing their requirements through

setting aside production

3.Responsiveness -manufacturing locations are easy to reach thei

3.Responsiveness -manufacturing locations are easy to reach their customers. Where EMS plays crucial r customers. Where EMS plays crucial partpart

for essential supply chain in emerging markets.

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Multiple Global Suppliers:

-(

(Source: - InternetSource: - Internet))

Apple secured its supply chain by making multiple alliances with each products'

components so if one supplier,

components so if one supplier, by any means, stopped the production or the by any means, stopped the production or the supplying of componentssupplying of components

company can rely on the other one. Apart from competitiveness Apple managed to collaborate with

company can rely on the other one. Apart from competitiveness Apple managed to collaborate with other ITother IT

organizations like Microsoft, Samsung, LG, Toshiba and Intel. Below tables shows how Apple collaborated

with its rivals and reinforced integrated global supply chain for components of iPad 2 (slideshare.net,2015)

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4.0

Advanced Technology utilised by Apple within the sector to

maintain the its competitive advantage:

-

 Data Analytics:Data Analytics:

Apple Inc., Being the most

Apple Inc., Being the most profitable technology company, found itself usingprofitable technology company, found itself using

Big Data Analytics for staying the leading form the front. It helps

Big Data Analytics for staying the leading form the front. It helps Apple to produce systems thatApple to produce systems that

customers would like to use. Apple and its competitors entered in t

customers would like to use. Apple and its competitors entered in the race with strong stride. Applehe race with strong stride. Apple (Use(Use

of Technology, 2017)

of Technology, 2017) already announced partnership with monitoring and sharing partners like IBM and already announced partnership with monitoring and sharing partners like IBM and

Beats. Which helps Apple to builds the Applications which provides health-related

Beats. Which helps Apple to builds the Applications which provides health-related apps, air travels appsapps, air travels apps

and brings the analytical potentials to users of its devices in those fields.

Apple continuously tries to accelerate Data Analytics process in one way or another. Call it fancy, but

reason behind launching an Apple Watch seems to be designed for wearing gadgets al

reason behind launching an Apple Watch seems to be designed for wearing gadgets all day long and collectl day long and collect

multiple data, with its sensors.

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Apple follows its traditional strength- product design and its unforthcoming part

is Big Data. With collective information, Apple determines that where, when and how iPhones, iPads,

MacBooks and now Apple Watches are used. Thus, Apple uses it in a fair

MacBooks and now Apple Watches are used. Thus, Apple uses it in a fair way to increase customerway to increase customer

satisfactions and what users are

satisfactions and what users are expecting from the devices they are usingexpecting from the devices they are using (Use of Technology, 2017).(Use of Technology, 2017).

One of the most popular feature of Apple devices is

One of the most popular feature of Apple devices is Siri. It is just sSiri. It is just synonym ofynonym of

Big Data Analytics as the voice captured b

Big Data Analytics as the voice captured by the device is uploaded to iClouds platforms and Apple storesy the device is uploaded to iClouds platforms and Apple stores

this data for two years and tagged it with unique anony

this data for two years and tagged it with unique anonymous indicator. mous indicator. analytics performer then comparesanalytics performer then compares

the captured voice with millions of other voices t

the captured voice with millions of other voices to recognize individual voice pattern to ensuring usero recognize individual voice pattern to ensuring user

privacy.

Cloud Storage: Cloud Storage:

Apple

Apple (Use of (Use of Technology, 2017)Technology, 2017) also give users a specified iCloud storage for each device which enables also give users a specified iCloud storage for each device which enables

users to store data online for multipurpose use. This cloud-based storage helps Apple to build healthy

relationships with its customers. All that

relationships with its customers. All that glitters are not gold, Apple dominated the music library by builtglitters are not gold, Apple dominated the music library by built

iTunes library to knows the listening taste of users

iTunes library to knows the listening taste of users but it asks for monetary subscriptions and even Applebut it asks for monetary subscriptions and even Apple

users preferred Google Music, Spotify which captures more market than

users preferred Google Music, Spotify which captures more market than Apple, as of now.Apple, as of now.

As an Information Technology giant, Apple, tends to use internet widely.

Whether it is supplier's network or customer's feedback platform, Apple use it all and it’s a lot of methods as

we can say 'internet of things' that connects

we can say 'internet of things' that connects Apple to its shareholders, customers and suppliers and stApple to its shareholders, customers and suppliers and still dayill day

by day company g

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Conclusion:

-Above report suggests how Apple see their supply chain as a vehicle for value-added delivery

Above report suggests how Apple see their supply chain as a vehicle for value-added delivery

and as a powerful tool for increasing competitive advantage in the m

and as a powerful tool for increasing competitive advantage in the market. Apparently storing computers isarket. Apparently storing computers is

like storing milk: you don’t want it on the shelf in your warehouse for too long. Apple is very good at

essentially taking devices from factories and immediately selling them to customers. Future success of its

supply chain depends on how well they will manage relationship with suppliers and how far they go to

innovate its product and use its mojo to attract

innovate its product and use its mojo to attract and satisfy the users. As of and satisfy the users. As of now Apple is leading the supplynow Apple is leading the supply

chain market for almost a decade and it

chain market for almost a decade and it is dubbed as "King of Outsourcing". In the end it is all is dubbed as "King of Outsourcing". In the end it is all aboutabout

customer's value proposition and how Apple is achieving efficiently and profitably

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References:



 Aicd.companydirectors.com.au. (2017).Aicd.companydirectors.com.au. (2017). A case study of Apple's supply chain A case study of Apple's supply chain. [online] Available at:. [online] Available at:

http://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/advocacy/governance-leadership-centre/governance-driving- performance/a-case-study-of-apples-supply-chain

performance/a-case-study-of-apples-supply-chain[Accessed 15 Nov. 2017].[Accessed 15 Nov. 2017].



 Apple, (2017).Apple, (2017). Apple and Procurement - Apple Apple and Procurement - Apple. [online] Available at:. [online] Available at:

https://www.apple.com/procurement/

https://www.apple.com/procurement/[Accessed 19 Nov. 2017].[Accessed 19 Nov. 2017].



 Lu, C. (2015). [online] Tradegecko.com. Available at:Lu, C. (2015). [online] Tradegecko.com. Available at: https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/apple-had-

https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/apple-had-the-best-supply-chain-in-the-world-for-the-last-four-years-here-is-what-you-can-learn-from-it

the-best-supply-chain-in-the-world-for-the-last-four-years-here-is-what-you-can-learn-from-it

[Accessed 20 Nov. 2017].



 Merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp. (2015). [online] Available at:Merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp. (2015). [online] Available at: http://merc.e.u-

http://merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/mmrc/dp/pdf/MMRC451_2013.pdf?cv=1

tokyo.ac.jp/mmrc/dp/pdf/MMRC451_2013.pdf?cv=1[Accessed 20 Nov. 2017].[Accessed 20 Nov. 2017].



 Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Butcher, T. and Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Butcher, T. and Javadpour, R. (2002).Javadpour, R. (2002). Global Logistics & Supply ChainGlobal Logistics & Supply Chain

Management

Management . 2nd ed. pp.47-49.. 2nd ed. pp.47-49.



 Slideshare.net. (2017).Slideshare.net. (2017). Supply chain of AppleSupply chain of Apple. [online] Available at:. [online] Available at:

https://www.slideshare.net/ShankarNaren/supply-chain-of-apple-63767095?qid=0c2e2c82-d17e-4f4c-8e25-32b6324b8bd1&v=&b=&from_search=1

4f4c-8e25-32b6324b8bd1&v=&b=&from_search=1[Accessed 19 Nov. 2017].[Accessed 19 Nov. 2017].

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 Umguiangacollege.files.wordpress.com. (2017). [online] Available at:Umguiangacollege.files.wordpress.com. (2017). [online] Available at:

https://umguiangacollege.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/interorganizational-relationships.pdf

[Accessed 20 Nov. 2017].

Apple's Global Supply Chain

Global Supply Chain Management

Global Supply Chain Management

[Christos Papanagnou]

[Christos Papanagnou]

[Dilipsinh Jadeja] | [International Business] | @00509412]

[Dilipsinh Jadeja] | [International Business] | @00509412]

Contents

Contents

Introduction:

Introduction:

Apple's Global Supply Chain

Apple's Global Supply Chain

Characteristics:

Characteristics:

Barriers:

Barriers:

Challenges:

Challenges:

I

I

NTEGRATION OF INTER

NTEGRATION OF INTER

ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

REINFORCEMENT

REINFORCEMENT

:

:

-

Internal integration: -

Internal integration:

Advanced Technology utilised by Apple within the sector to

Advanced Technology utilised by Apple within the sector to

maintain the its competitive advantage:

maintain the its competitive advantage:

Conclusion:

Conclusion: