Drilling Rig Selection

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GUIDELINES

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DRILLING RIGS- General

Selection of Land drilling rig should be based on planed depth and well construction in the long term drilling activities. More important is to decide area of activity.

Nort Africa, Middle east and partlly Caspian region: Majority of drilling contracts (activities) are related with drilling wells depth range 3000 to 4500m (dominantlly deeper then 3900m).

Caspian region: Still have great activities at depth range up to 3600m.

This fact determine drilling rig type selection. If rig is planed to work depth range up to 3600m then is prefferable to select mobile, telescopic drilling rig rated up to 1000 HP.

Drilling rig name is dictated bu name of Drawworks

. Rig depth rating is determined by:

1. Draworks capacity 2. Mast capacity

3. Crown block and travelling block capacity 4. Drilling line size and pulling force

Some drawworks producer with number part of draworks name denotes year of constructing, other most of them gives rated capacity of draworks.

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STATIONARY DRILLING RIGS MOBILE DRILLING RIGS Advantage:

Stands in the tripple – faster tripping

 Porefull equipment – drawwork over 1000 HP, mud

pumps over 1000 HP

Uses 5” DP – at greater depth less pressure losses. Havy casing string run deeper –Hook loads over 200 t Diesel electric drive.

Flexible range of RPM and SPM

Substructure higher and drilling floor greater area. DP length upper limit for range

Better Contractor’s References.

Disadvantage:

 Greater investmens at start More days for moving

More truck loads Longer rigging up

Large surface of well site

More personnel –more experienced and specialist Havy drilling and handling equipment

More investment for spare part stock

Advantage:

 Smaller investment at start  Faster moving

Less truck loads Less area for well site Smaller waste pit

Less number of drilling crew Less sparet parts stock

Disadvantage:

 Stands in the double- slow triping

 When drill deeper with 4 ½” DP or less, greater pressure drops.  Restricted running depth of intermediate casing if well

construction is complex due overpressure and lost circulation zones.

 Mostly mechanical rigs – high noise level.

 Mud pump SPM restricted due drive diesel engine. Required 3

liner size

Restricted height bellow rotary table for BOP stack Less surface of drilling floor – safety

DP length restricted on bottom length limit.

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DRAWORKS RATED POWER HP (kW)

HOOK LOAD CAPACITY (tons)

CONVENTIONAL RIGS MOBILE RIGS

150 (110) 60 200 (147) 75 250 (184) 80 300 (220) 90-100 500 (368) 125 700 (515) 180 180 1000 (735) 220 220 1500 (1100) 360 2000 (1470) 500 3000 (2200) 750 4000 (2940) 1000 5000 (3728) 1500

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MOBILE DRILLING RIG

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DRAWWORKS

Basic configuration of Drawworks is:

MAIN DRUM:

Main drum of drawworks (Fig. 1) is intended to create enough force in the single line by wounding or re-wounding drilling line while RIH , POOH or during drilling to slowlly release weight on bit. Single line pull force depends on drawworks input power and drilling line size. Diameter and length of drum are in the direct relation with mast height drilling line size and number of lines (determines hook load capacity). Usually drum is grooved for selected drilling line size for beter wounding – extending usable life of drilling line. Brake rims are designed for band brake or for disc brake. Brake rims surface depends of drawworks rated capacity. Other components design depends on the type of rih (conventional or mobile) and drive (diesel mechanic or diesel electiric).

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DRAWWORKS

Cat head:

Cat head is mechanical device for Making-up or Breaking-out thread connection during connecting or triping. Pulling force created by cat head in the combination of length of roetary tongs lever, should be enought for creating necessary torque when connecting. Whenactivate at driler’s panel cathead

control switch, friction plates at cat head matches and transfer force to pulling line. Make-up cat head is located at LH side of drawworks, break-out cat head on RH side. Most popular are cat heads:

 FOSTER ,

 KelCo Model 12 (for DP 4 ½” shallow wells) and Model 16 for deep drilling.  American Model 55

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DRAWWORKS Make-up & Break-out hydraulic cylinders:

With mobile drilling rig catheads are problem when moving and during operating. Mobile rig is too wide for transport and to avoid disassembling and during rigging up again instaling cat head today in yse are hydraulic cylinder with pulling force 10t.

They are installed on the mast verticallyat height 3-6m over drill floor, and pulling line is run down at height appr. 1m over floor, pasing between 2 set of rolles changing direction of line for 900 _and

connecting to rotary tongs.

HYDRAULIC BRAKE

Each diesel mechanic drilling and workover rig is equiped with hydrailic brake. Most popular Model are produced by company PARMAC.

At drilling rigs when triping heavy drilling strings weightening over 20 t it is very dificult that driller using band brake safely hold that load. Another reason is to avoid overheating brake pads.

They are producting in the sizes to meet every need for drilling to depths well up to 10000m and for allsize of workover rigs. In the next table is given range of sizes and maximum recommended

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DRAWWORKS . Size Max.press. psi Max.speed RPM Capacity HP Breaking torque 111-300 25 2300 300 112-500 25 2300 500 15DR 25 2300 1600 121 25 2300 800 122 25 2300 1600 201 25 1550 1500 22SR 25 1550 2500 202 25 1550 3000 22DR 25 1550 4000 V-80 15 1550 5000 SSR28 15 900 5500 262 15 850 6000 341 15 600 6000 341A 15 600 6000 342 15 600 7500 342A 15 600 7500 46SR 15 500 7000 60SR 15 375 8000 451 15 500 8500 481 15 450 9000 V200 15 480 10000 V295 15 350 12000

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DRAWWORKS

Bigger mobile drilling rigs and most convential drilling rigs produced today ate Diesel electric rig. Drawworks for this rigs have electric drive ba AC or DC motore, usualy two. And instead hydraulic brake have Electromagnetic brake (Eddy current brake).

ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE Model 7838

Max Breaking Torque: 117.000 lb-ft Volrage: 250V DC Nominal drilling depth: 10000 ft Input power: 23 kW No. Og magnet 2 Cooling water: 150 Gall/min. No. Of coil: 4

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DRAWWORKS

Crownblock protecting device

Is air operating device which have to prevent collision of the traveling block with the crown block. When traveling block is within a preset distance from zthe crown block, it disengaged the clutch and simultaneously applies the brakes to the drawworks.

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SAND DRUM

Sand drum on the drilling rigs is not obligatoru part od equipment.

Sand drum at drilling rig is in the use when aftter finish drilling there is necessary to complete well for production ( perforate casing, swabbing, runn tubing, etc.).

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MOBILE DRILLING RIG Mobile rigs

 Smaler drum size and older construction have brake

flanges designed to accomodate band brake. High capacity mobile righ today are designed and to accomodate disc brake.

 Mobile drilling rigs, due small dimension, usually are

diesel mechanic. Only higher rated capacity rigs can be diesel electric.

 Racking board to have three position.

 Raising mast upper section can be by wire rope

(simple maintenance and low cost) or by hydraulic cylinder.

 Upper section locking device by “dogs” (4 pcs) or by

two pins.

 Usually have one stand pipe.  Substructure to be telescopic.

 To have provision for rat and mouse hole.

 Racking boadr equiped with air operated winch 1 ton

to assist derricman.

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DRILLING RIG – MAST TELESCOPIC

- Telescopic mast installed on the mobile rigs are critical with mast height.

- Declared mast height assume height from ground lavel to water table

(Bottom of crown block).

- Usable height is total mast height minus substructure height. - Example:

Standard Mobile rig

Mast height, m 144ft (43,89m) 118 ft (35.96m)

Substructure height, m 20 ft (6m) 20 ft (6m)

Usable mast height, m 124ft (37,89m) 98ft (29,87m)

Length required for CBS reaction 2m 2m

Hook block length 13 ft (3,90m) 10,5ft (3,27m) Swivel length with X-over and kelly spinner 12 1/2ft (3,81m) 12 1/2ft (3,81m)

Upper kelly cock length 2,6ft (0,8m) 2,6ft (0,8m)

Kelly length 41ft (12,5m) 9,5m

Kelly saver sub 4ft (1.20m) 2,6ft (0,8m)

Drill pipe length 31,5ft (9,6m) 28,2ft (8,6m)

Length of DP over rotary table when connecting 3 ft (0,9m) 3 ft (0,9m) 113.8ft (34,71m) 93 ft (28,38m)

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DRILLING RIG – MAST

For rig capacity up to 200 ton crown block and traveling block have 5 sheaves each so operates with 10 lines. If drilling shallow wells, for fater tripping it is posible to operate using 4 or 3 sheaves in the system. In the such case running drilling line over sheaves must be performed according API RP 9B

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DRILLING RIG – MAST – Traveling block

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – ROTARY TABLE

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – ROTARY TABLE Rotary table opening depens on casing design.

Example: If drilling rig 200 tons hook capacity should drill up to 3900m that assume that it will need to drill 26” and to run casing 20” at depth 30 or 100m. To perform that task it is neccesary to have rotary table opening 27 ½”. For running casing 20” with elevator and casing slips it is good to have and Casing bowl inserts 20”.

Rotary torque usually not specified, but it is allways greater than critical torque gor drill pipes. DRILL PIPE TORQUE STRENGTH IS WEEAKEST POINT IN THE SYSTEM.

For well dipeer than 3000m (or drill string havier than 115 ton), it should be allweys used Pin drive kelly bushing, pin drive master bushing and SDU rotary slips.

PIN DRIVE BOWL INSERTS

API Insert bowl

No. 1 2 3/8”-8 5/8”

No.2 9 5/8”-10 ¾”

No.3 11 ¾”-13 3/8”

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – ROTARY TABLE .

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – POWER EQUIPMENT

 Each rig must be equiped with 2 generator set appropirately rated so that one work 12 hours and

second to be in the standba.

 Basicaly rig rated 200 tons have following power consumption:

- 60-110 Pcs. AC motors rated from 0,25 to 15 Kw that simultaniously works at average 90 kW - 4 Pcs AC motors rated 75 Kw each (2 Mud hopper, one desilter and one desander 150 kW

- 4 Pcs AC motors rated 35 kW each (two mud pumps, 2 compressor)

35 kW

- Heating / Cooling 7 Pcs air conditioner at 3 kW each 21 kW

- Rig lightening 10 kW

TOTAL: 306 kW

 That means that best selection is 2 generators rated 320 kW Each as minimum and one auhiliary generator for

moving rated 120 kW.

 Switch gear box (MCC) to be equiped with air conditioner. Plug in connection out door one to one.  Mud agitators and shale shaker start-stop switch close to consumer.

 All electrical instalation EXd protected.

COMPRESSOR

- One active and one standby compresor electricaly driven by 35kW motor AC. - One air drayer

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – MUD PUMPS

MUD PUMP

 Two mud pumps 1000 HP 6 ¾” x 10”each independently driven with torque converter C300-65  Two pre-charging centrifugal pumps 5x6 driven with AC motor 35-45 kW

 Pulsation dampener PD-55 5000 psi WP  Suction dampener horizontal

 Pressure relief valve 1500-5000 psi , reset, flanged  Vibration discharge hose 3 ½” 5000 psi

 Discharge manifold 4” 5000 psi welded connections  Liner selection 2, max 3 sizes

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – BOP’s

BOP’s for drilling rig 200 ton should be 13 5/8” 10000 psi rated as follows:

 Annular blowout preventer 13 5/8” 5000 psi bottom flanged

 Double ram blowout preventer 13 5/8” 10000 psi WP, flanged, with two side outlets 4”

10000psi flanged. Top cavity equiped with 4 ½” DP rams, bottom cavity CSO- blind rams.

 Auxilliary rams 9 5 /8” one pair and 6 5/8” or 7” casing rams.

 Drilling spool 13 5/8” 10000 psi with two side outlets 4” 10000psi flanged.  Addapter spool 13 5/8” 5000 psi x 13 5/8” 10000 psi, studded.

 Addapter spool 13 5/8” 3000 psi x 13 5/8” 10000 psi, studded.  Addapter spool 11” 5000 psi x 13 5/8” 10000 psi, studded.

 Choke line 4 1/16” 10K welded connection with one HRC 4 1/18” 10K and one gate valve 4

1/16” 10K flanged. Instead steel pipe 4 1/16”10K it can be flexibile hose 4 1/16”10K.

 Kill line 2 1/16” 10K welded connection with two gate valve 2 1/16”10K flanged and one check

valve 2 1/16” 10K.

 Kill manifold (for Caspian region) with 3 gate valve 2 1/16” 10K flanged.

 Accumulator unit 160 gal minimum with appropirate triplex plunger pump driven by AC motor

15 kW, two air operated pumps , manifold with valves for closing anular, pipe rams, CSO rams, HRC valve; three pressure transducer for Annu8lar pressure, low oil level and manifold pressure, remote control panel with grafical illustration gauges for annular pressure, and air system

pressure, air control hose, hypraulic pipe racks 1” connecting accumulator unit with BOP’s.

 Cup tester for casing 9 5/8” 36-42# and 43,5-53,5#; 7” 29-38#, 13 3/8” 72#.  BOP testing unit air operated 15000 psi with recorder

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – Cup tester

CUP TESTER TYPE “F”

Connection Load capacity, lb Casing Cup area

Sq.inch Size Weight, lb/ft 2 3/8”IF 270.000 4 ½” All 9.5 5” All 12.4 5 ½” All 16.0 3 ½”IF 500.000 6 5/8” All 14,8 7” 17-26 23,5 7” 29-38 20,4 4 ½”IF 800.000 9 5/8” 32,2-40 44,1 9 5/8” 43,5-53,5 42,4 13 3/9” 48-61 109,5 13 3/8” 61-72 103,3 20” 78,5-122,3 300,0

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – BOP accessories

DRILLING SPOOL

Adapter spool- studded

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – MUD SYSTEM MUD SYSTEM

For 200 ton rig, based on well construction 13 3/8”-200m; 9 5/8”-1500m and 8 ½” 3900m appropirate mud system total volume is 150m3_{consisting of:}

- Mud tank suction 40m3 equiped with 2 mud agitators 15HP each, mud guns - Mud mixing tank 40m3 equiped with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud guns

- Mud tank –reserve mud 40m3 equiped with with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud guns - Mud threatment tank 40m3 with two chembers- suction and discharge compartment, 2 mud

agitators 15 HP each, mud guns. On top of tank installed desander, degaser and mud cleaner (optionaly – centrifuge for unweighted mud for use in Caspian region).

- Shaker tank 20 + 12m3 with sand trap and two linear motion shakers. - Separator mud/gas for 20 Bar WP 600 dm3.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – MUD SYSTEM

ELLIPTICAL MOTION SHAKER SWACO

HORIZONTAL VACUUM DR-GASR

DE-SANDER – 2 cone

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – MUD SYSTEM

CENTRIFUGE

SEPARATOR

MUD-GAS

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – HANDLING EQUIPMENT ROTARY TONGS

Reliable rotary tongs produce BJ, Folley, Blohm & Vos, Web Wilson and all parts are interchangable. For drilling rigs there is thre basic models: SXD-200; SDD, DB and B.

TONGS TYPE Torque ft- lb Size range SDX-200 200.000 8” - 16” SDD 60.000 16” - 17” 75.000 12” – 15” 100.000 4” – 12” DB 40.000 11 ¾” – 17” 65.000 3 ½” – 11 ¼” B 30.000 13 3/8” 40.000 9” – 11 ¼” 55.000 3 ½” – 9”

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – HANDLING EQUIPMENT ELEVATOR LINKS

Nominal size of liks is measured on the body. They should be weldless. Usualy rig is equiped with two pairs of links. One pair is shorter and is intendent for normal drilling operations. Another pair is is longer (and can be and larher size) for use in the special situations (when cementing casing string it is neccesary more space between hook and elevator to accomodate cementing head or during DST to accomodate testing head).

Rated 250 tons Rated 350 tons Rated 500 tons

2 ¼” x 60” 2 ¼” x 72” 3 ½” x 132”

2 ¼” x 72” 2 ¼” x 84” 3 ½” x 144”

2 ¼” x 84” 2 ¼” x 96”

2 ¼” x 108” 2 ¼” x 108”

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – HANDLING EQUIPMENT ELEVATORS (Drill pipe, Drill collar and casing)

Drill pipe elevator are side door elevators designed for shouler 900 _{or 18}0_.

 Type G elevator center latch with taper 180 uses for Drill pipe ranging from 100 – 500 ton

capacity and sizes 2 3/8” to 6 5/8”OD.

 Type X collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collar, Casing and Tubing ranging from 65

to 500 ton capacity and size range 1,66” to 30”OD.

 Type A collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collar, Casing and Tubing in two basic

design:

 TA ranging from 35-150 ton capacity covering sizes 1,05” to 11 ¼”  RA ranging from 125- 175 ton capacity covering sizes 2 3/8” to 7”.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – HANDLING EQUIPMENT

As stated previously for drill string loads up to 115 tons can be used drill pipe slips Type DU having length of gripping with insets of 12”. For heavier strings it must be used SDU (or RD) type slips gripping 16” length in the combination with pin drive system only.

DRILL COLLAR SLIPS

Can be with standard inserts or with circular buttons. Bircular button inserts have better gripping with less possibility of slipping DC.

ROTARY SLIPS SDU

DRILL COLLAR SLIPS

WITH CIRCULAR BUTTONS

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Casing multysegment slips with circular buttons

Covers casing sizes from 6 5/8” to 30” by changing numper of casing segments and

button size according manufacturers table.

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DRILL PIPE AND DRILL COLLAR POWER TONGS

Hydraulically powered tongs (TW-60 Varco)male up and break out drill pipe tool joints

and drill collars from 4” to 8” OD. Torque can be pre-set to the required value.

Required hydraulic fluid flow 114-133 lpm at 135 Bar.

Size range

4 – 8” (102-203mm)

Make up torque

63.000 ft-lbs (85.000 N-m)

Break out torque

75.000 ft-lbs (101.000 N-m)

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Hydraulic spinning wrebch

Spinn drill pipe and drill collars from 2 7/8” to 9 ½” OD with no adjustments necessary.

Size range

2 7/8” to 9 ½” OD

Required hydraulic fluid flow

110-170 lpm at 135 Bar

Speed (5” DP)

100 rpm

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KELLY SPINNER

Model 6600 (air operated ) and Model 6800 (hydraulically operated) can be used for

rotating drill pipe slowly for limited rat hole and mousehole drilling and for fast making

kelly connection. Unit can spin in and spin out.



Difference between air and hydraulically operater kelly spiner is in the drive motor

and auxxiliary equipment (valves, hose, manifold and discharge lines)

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

RIG INSTRUMENTATION

Rig instrumentation can operate peumatically-hydraulically or electrically.

Pneumatic- hydrasulic systems are cheap, long life, simple for installing, adjusting,

maintenance and needs small amount of spares.

Electrical systems are expensive, installing, adjusting and maintenace must be performed

by specialist, needs large quantities of expesive spares.

Basic instrumentation systems conssit of:



Weight indicator with weight sensor



Pump pressure, two or three



SPM, Pump stroke per minute



RPM, rotary table rotational spped



Rotary torque



Tongs pull line force or torque



Pit level indikator



Flow meter



T-Km, Drilling line work



Recorder, drilling parameters

Instrument console

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION-WEIGHT INDICATOR

WEIGHT INDICATOR

Most popular weight indicator systems is Martin Decker- Totco. Atlas instrument is copy of Martin Decker. Composition of one weight indicator system depends on:

 dead line anchor type,  drilling line size,

 sensor type,  indicator type

Some Weight indicator systema are as follows:

System AW6:

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SYSTEM AWE6; AWE9 &AWE11

Martin Decker produces following Types of weight indicator:

 Weight indicator Type Slim hole  Weight indicator Type Toolpusher  Weight indicator Type Clipper  Weight indicator Type Sealtite

 Weight indicator type “FS” – uses with anchor type F  Weight indicator Type “D”

 Weight indicator Type “E”  Weight indicator Type “EB”

Mobile drilling rigs , small and medium deepth rating, ussualy uses weight indicator Type D (for drilling line size 1”; 1 1/8” and 1 ¼”).

Each weight indicator is equiped with appropirate dials – from one side 6 lines , reverse side 8 lines and bellow another dial with 8 lines and reverse side 12 lines, or bigger rigs have 8 and 10 lines – another dial for 12 and 14 lines.

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Next figure shows one weight indicator Type “D” adjusted for 8 lines and second figure shows changing dials.

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Dead line anchor can be installed on the mast leg, drilling floor (drawworks level) or bellow drilling

floor on the substructure. Basic types are: National anchor: Type D, E and EB

Hercules anchor: 119; 120, 121; 129; 130T; 150T

At mobile drilling rigs anchor is allways positioned in the front of drawworks.

For safer and easy slipping drilling line optionaly is available and drilling line tensioner at top of Anchor.

By design anchor can be constructed for:

 Tension load cell (sensor E80)- drilling line in and out from sensor side, left figure

 Compression load cell (E-543, E551 or 3 ) drilling linein from side oposite to cell and out from

sensor side, middle figure,

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION ANCHOR TYPE “D”

Anchor Type “D” is structurally rated for 60000 lb single line pull to accomodate drilling line 1 1/8” and 1 ¼” buc can accomodate and 1” line. Line clamp is bronze inserts different for each line size using 6 bolts 1 ½” SAE 1020 steel for fastening. Drumm diameter is 24”.

 Anchor should be mounted so that dead line has a clear, unobstructed path to the crown block  Senzor Type E80 is installed on the in-out line side of anchor. Senzor has an F-53 check valve

for loading the system with W-15 fluid. Factor affecting accuracy

Accuracy of anchor Type D is ±0,5%, but this can be affected by:

 Type D is calibrated with 1 1/8” line  With 1” line will read 0,5% low  With 1 ¼” line will read 0,5% high.

Accuracy of anchor type E is calibrated with line 1 ½”.

 With 1 ¼” line will read 1% low.

Often it is necessary to mount the anchor several feet below the gauhe. In this case all readings will be slightly low. One feet difference between the gauge and the senzor will cause the following weight indicator error:

EXAMPLE: A Type “D” weight indicator with 8 lines, with senzor and anchor 10 ft below the gauge, the indicator will read 1600 lb low at all readings.

No. Of lines 6 8 10 12

Type “D” 120 160 200 240

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Greatest error may occur as a result of the friction of the tackle system and friction of the hole.

Hydraulic system is calibrated if gap between plates on the E80 or compession cells is 0,62” (16mm). When, with hanged traveling block and kelly gap meassurement is 13mm it must be re-charged.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION CHARGING SYSTEM WITH FLUID PROCEDURE:

To check peoblems with accuracy, shake hose violently or work anchor with pinch bar between stops.

- If pointers are sluggish (lazy) problem is in the indicator and may be solved by A through D

below.

- If pointers react normally, the problem is in the anchor, senzor ot dead line and may be

solved by E through J below.

A) Damper should be open to allow fluid pasage.

B) Pointers could possibly be touching each other, dial or glass.

C) Remove glass and dials, clean the movement with kerosene or equivalent.

D) Purge system of air by pumping W-15 fluid through check valve F-53 on the senzor. Bleed air

and excess fluid at the fitting at the base of the bourdon tube. Reassemble dials, glass and case ring.

E) The dead line must have a clear unobstructed path to the crown and must not bind on the

anchor flange. Any obstruction will createcpoor response in the indicator.

F) The dead sheave in the crown block must be lubricated frequently as in normal drilling this

sheave must move freely to providesensitive readings.

G) The anchor is, in effect, a lever that must be allowed to move freely on its bearing. Therefore,

it should be lubricated frequently and kept free of dirt and ice.

H) The sensor must also be free of dirt and ice so that its movement is not restricted. The pins

connecting the sensor to the anchor must occasionally be removed and cleaned of dirt and corrosion as they too must have some slight movement in order to have a sensitive

instrument.

I) The kelly, kelly bushing, misalignment of the rotary table and other mechanical conditions of

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CHARGING SYSTEM WITH INSTRUMENT FLUID

-

Check fluid load frequently and always before taking a heavy pull. The gap “A” in the

sensor should be 5/8” ( 16mm) with block empty.

-

If gap is greater then this, it is possible that the system is overloaded to an extent

that the pointer will reading a preload figure. As soon as you apply enought weight to

overcome this preload the instrument will then read accuratelly.

- When gap ”A” is LESS than 5/8” (16mm) as it is possible to apply enought weight to the hook

that stroke of the sensor is used up and it bottoms out, metal to metal. In this case the instrument will read correctly until it bottoms out and the pointer can then go no further.

- Besides having the proper gap “A”, the system should be free of air, as air will compress under

load causing the gap to reduce prematurely and the possibility of bottoming out may occur.

- The gauge calibration should be checked periodically. This calibration is 816 psi for 3600 – FOR

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SPM & RPM ELECTRIC TACHOMETER

Rotary table electric and pump SPM tachometer consists of generator producing DC current 4-20 mA.

- Generator is mounted close torotating part of unit and trough V-Belt, depending on rotating speed

produce DC current from 4 to maximum 20 mA.

- Calibration can be performed by plastic screw positioned on the right bottom side of dial. - Device is nor expensive, duranle and low cost of maintenance.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR- ELECTRONIC

- Pump stroke indicator gives SPM 1 , SPM 2 or for both pump together. Also it gives and cumulative SPM from

begining of pumping.

- Sensor (contact closure) works so that when actuing rod deflect after each passing of piston rod intersect

magnetic flux thet send weak electricity singnals ranging 4-20 mA to totalizer.

- For adjustment there are available folloving controls: Test button, Reset button, Pump select, Alarm set and Main

power switch. Input is AC Power 230V 50Hz 20W and at sensor input id +15 VDC

- Display 0 to 200 SPM

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR-NON CONTACTING PROXIMITY SENSOR

This SPM or RPM system consists of following components:

 Interface box

- Purged, non-purged or explosion proof. - Two or three sensor capability

- Analog voltage output (o to 10VDC)

- Analog current output (0-16 mA, 4-20 mA, 0-4 mA or 1-5 mA) field programmable. - Digital or” cotact closure” output.

 Sensor

- There are thre types of proximity sensor

- First and third sensor at left figure require Barrier amplifier.

 Barrier box – purged enclosure with barrier amplifiers.

 Puls signal conditioner board- proces output signals from sensor  Discriminator board develops an analog voltage received from

pulse signal conditioner and send this voltage to an analog display and E/P board.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED ROTARY TORQUE METER “HYDRO-MECH” Model FA-9  Simple hydraulically operated rotary torque meter- dimensionlles readout. Mounting close , as

possible, to the rotary table to avoid aditional torque in the transmition.

 Main parts are Frame, measuring wheel (Idler), hydraulic cylinder Hydraulic hose and Dial.  External surfaces od rubber Idler should have appropirate profil to accomodate size of chain,

single or double.

 Calibration of meter, with idler suporting low side of chain in the middle, is correct when while

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

ELECTRIC TORQUE SYSTEM

This system measures voltage drop across a 50 micro ohms shunt placed in the series eith motor. Motor torque is proportional with motor current so voltage can be related to torque.

Electric torque system consists of:

- Isolation amplifier instaled close to shuntin the rotary power lineShunt normally have a rating of

50 mV; 1000 A.

- Recorder can be separate or standard Recor-O-Graph 7 pen if use E/P transducer between

Amplifier and recorder.

Shunt

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

TRU-TORQUE ROTARY RORQUE SYSTEM Model FA-18

Is another hydraulicaly operated system for measuring rotary table torque. Consists of two

compression sensors instaled diagonally on the two rotary sides, hydraulic hose Dial indicator gauge and hoses to recorder.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

MUD PUMP PRESSURE GAGE Model GM6A

 System operates in the temperature range of -45 to + 650C.  Accuracy of the system is ± 1,0%.

 System consists of Diaphragm gage protector, hydraulic hose , dampener and Gage (dial).  Diaphragm gage protector shoul always be installed vertivally (Left Figure) to anable purging

rubber cup when pumping stops.

Hudraulic system loading with hydraulic fluid W-15

 Disassembly Diaphragm gage protector and place bottom up.

 Connect hand operated hydraulic pump. Do nor tight connecting nut.

 Fill-up pump reservoir with instrument fluid W-15. During pumping minimum level should be

half of reservoir height.

 Slowly operate pump while on the connecting thread leagks clear fluid (without air bubbles).  Tight connection and start pumping while monitor runner cup. When inside sides of cup

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

TONG LINE PULL & TORQUE INDICATOR SYSTEM H6B

System uses when making-up Drill pipe, drill collar casing and tubing joints giving “line pull” readings in pound, kilograms or decanewtons that can be easy converted to ft-lb or kg-m by multiplying the line pull reading by the effective tong handle length.

 When ussing model H29A for making-up casing it provides direct torque reading in ft-lb or kg-m.  All line pull indicators consists of: Dial indicator and hydraulic cylindervwith connectinh high

pressure hose.

 Dial is equipped with a target pointer which can be set to a predetermined indication.  Hydraulic cylinder can be installed on the jarkline or back-up line.

 For accurate indication the line must be 900 to the tong armat point of taking the reading and

parallel to rig floor.

 The indicator do not need field or operational calibration.

 If the measured dimension “A” is equal to, or larher then the recharge dimension shown in the

figure recharge system as follows:

 Remove all weight from the cylinder and ensure the hose is free of kinks and sharp bends.

 Remove the cap from the check valve on the indicator dampener on the gage, close the dampener.  Attach hand pump YA2 with swivel to the check valve, and fill reservoir with W15 (red) instrument fluid.  Loosen the pipe plug or blead screw on the cylinder body, pump fluid and blead at plug/screw until air

bubbles stop escaping.

 Tighten the plug or screw and pump fluid in the system to slightly overcharge and permit that piston be

fully drawn into the cylinder. Disengage hand pump from check valve.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

MUD FLOW SYSTEM

Mud flow sensor monitor the mud flow level on the return line. Signal is transered to mud flow indicator and/or mud low recorder. Senzor is mounted ond the floe pipe

- Primary power supply 220V 50 Hz 35W

- Operating ambient temperature: -200C to +550C - Sensor excition + 10,5 V DC

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

TRIP TANK AND MUD PIT VOLUME TOTALIZER

It is warning device for total mud volume in the mud tanks and tripping monitor.

Both systems uses Probe (explosion proof transducer) for measuring mud level in the each tank, indicator, remote warning system (lamp and/or horn) and optionally recorder.

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

RATE OF PENETRATION METER

Rate of penetration meter measures bit penetratin speed. Two basic systems exist:

- Pneumatic ROP meter activated as the Record-O-Graph clucth is engaged by the driller. Sensitivity (recordoable

ROP) is 0,3m. At traveling block is attached wire which , with lowering block, releases from reel located below recorder trasfering feed signal to the pneumatic logic system wich in the turns drive pen mechanism to record primary (o.3m) and secondary (one meter marks) on the chart.

- Pneumatic wireless system, device which sense the drawworks drum shaft motion by chain or flexibile shaft, and

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

AUTOMATIC DRILLER

Satellite Automatic Drilling Control System uses for maintaining the optimum weight on the bit. Operation is based on the relation between the WOB and the dead line tension. As dead line tension increases from the value preset in the controller, the Satellite pays out the drilling line by raising the brake lever to release the drum, and then stops drum rotation by lowering the brake lever when the preset WOB is reached. At Figure below is shown coplete system that cosisting of:

- Deadline tension sensor - Controller assembly - Air motor

- Differential gear assembly - Drum rotation sensor

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

RIG FLOOR RECORDER

Drilling Rig Floor Recorder systems have in the three basic design.

 Hydryulic recorder with circular chart 2 or 3 pen. Available OB-19 and OB-24 recorders. Installed

usually on the back side of weight indicator. Chart is for 24 hours recordin Hook Weight, pump pressure and optionaly rotary torque.

 Sevn pen recorder RECORD-O-GRAPG RG-7. Records 8, 12 or 24 hours drilling parameters : Hook

weight, ROP, RPM, Rotary torque, Pump pressure, SPM 1 , SPM 2. Hydraulically, mechanicaly and pneumatic operated. Simple for use and low maintenance costs.

 Rig floor recorder RF8 with air package. Consists of three major components: Air package, ROP

sensor and Recorder assembly. Maintenance and repair should be done by trained personnel. Uses “flat view” chart 12 or 24 hours. Pen drive is hydraulic (Weight, Pump pressure and Hydro Mech rotary torque or tong torque), pneumatic (ROP,RPM, SPM1,SPM2

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – INSTRUMENTATION

TON MILE (T-Km) INDICATOR

Ton Kilometer counting system consists of Integrator unit receiving a distance (Km) input signal ftom the transmitter, and tension input signal ( in tons) from the existing Sensor Load cell in the wire line anchor.

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CALCULATING VALUE OF ONE LINE ON THE WEIGHT INDICATOR

A. Rig data:

- Weight of traveling block: 4600 Kg

- Weight of links 2 ¼” x 108” 276 Kg

- Weight of DP elevator GG 4 ½” 350t 324 Kg

- Weight of kelly 4 ¼” x 10,5m 788 Kg

- Weight of swivel 2100 Kg

TOTAL WEIGHT OVER ROTARY RABLE, air 8088 Kg Drill pipes 4 ½” x 16,6lb/ft E75 NC50 180 _{long 2000m}

Drill collar 6 ½ x 2 ½” x 143,2 Kg/m 200m length Mud Density 1,32 Kg/dm3

B. System accuracy- Weight indicator “D” and deadline anchor Type Hercules 129T with 10 lines, located 18 feet below weight indicator. By using data from Catalog Martinn Decker TW570 Page 7 Tables 4-1 and 4-2,

Weight indicator will read 101 kg x 10 lines = 1010 Kg low at all readings. To compensate for this low readings, the total load pointer may be reset by the mechanic during initial rig up.

Wire size Calibration Reading Error 1” (25mm) 0,8% Low

1 1/8” (29mm) 0,3% Low 1 ¼” (32mm) 0,2% High

Lines strung 6 8 10 12

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CALCULATING VALUE OF ONE LINE ON THE WEIGHT INDICATOR

Factors for Mud Buoyancy Corrections:

CALCULATION:

Drill pipe weight in the air 2000m x 26,78 kg/m = 53560 Kg Drill collars weight in air 200 m x 143,2 Kg/m = 28640 Kg

= 82200 Kg

Bouoyancy correction factor for mud density 1,32 Kg/dm3_{x 0,832}

Bouoyant weight of string = 68390 Kg

PLUS – Weight of block, swivel, elevator and kelly = 8088 Kg

COMPUTED TOTAL HOOK LOAD OF STRING IN MUD = 76478 Kg

If read out on the weight indicator is 76 lines then value of one line is 1000 Kg, but if read out on the weight indicator is 65 lines then one line value is:

76000 : 65 lines = 1170 Kg

Lb/gal. 8,34 9,0 10.0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 15,0 16,0 17,0 18,0 19,0 20,0 Lb/Cu.Ft. 62,4 67,3 74,8 82,3 89,8 97,2 104,7 112,2 119,7 127,2 134,6 142,1 149,6 Specif. gravity 1,00 1,08 1,20 1,32 1,44 1,56 1,68 1,80 1,92 2,04 2,16 2,28 2,40 FACTOR 0,873 0,863 0,847 0,832 0,817 0,802 0,786 0,771 0,755 0,741 0,724 0,710 0,694

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION – HANDLING EQUIPMENT APPENDIX: CASING JACKING SYSTEM

When drilling dipper and intermediate casing have b to be run too deep only solution to do this with existing, not enought rig is to use casing jacking system. At market have available with capaity 350, 500, 750 and 1000 ton.

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