Basic concept of Cloud computing

Basic concept of Cloud computing

(Vivekanand Arts Sardar Dalipsingh Commerce and science college Aurangabad)

Abstract:-Cloud computing is becoming a powerful network architecture to perform large-scale and complex computing. Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a metered service over a network (the Internet).

Historical background

The idea of providing a centralized computing service dates back to the 1960s,when computing services were provided over a network using mainframe time.

 sharing technology. In 1966, Canadian engineer Douglass Parkhill published his book The Challenge of the Computer Utility [1] ,in which he describes the idea of computing as a public utility ywita centralized computing facility to which many remote users connect over networks.I n the 1960s, the mainframe time

 sharing mechanism effectively utilized computing resources and provided acceptable performance to users; however, mainframes were difficult to scale and provision up  front because of increasingly high hardware costs. Accordingly, users didn’t have full control over the performance of mainframe applications because it depended on how many users utilized the mainframe at a given moment. As such, with the introduction of personal computers users loved the idea of having full control of their computing resources, even though these resources are not as effectively utilized

What is the cloud computing?? Cloud Computing

The term “cloud computing” itself likely comes from network diagrams in which cloud shape are used to describe certain types of networks, either the Internet or internal networks. Some sources refer to cloud computing as a set of applications delivered as services combined with the datacenter hardware and software that enables the applications. Others say that cloud computing is a business model rather than a specific technology or service.

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the Internet. Cloud

services allow individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations. Examples of cloud services include online file storage, social

networking sites, webmail, and online business applications. The cloud computing model allows access to information and computer resources from anywhere that a network connection is available. Cloud computing provides a shared pool of resources, including data storage space, networks, computer processing power, and specialized corporate and user applications

Characteristics

Cloud computing has a variety of characteristics,

1.Shared Infrastructure — Uses a virtualized software model, enabling the sharing of physical services, storage, and networking capabilities. The cloud infrastructure, regardless of deployment model, seeks to make the most of the available infrastructure

across a number of users.

2. Dynamic Provisioning — Allows for the provision of services based on current demand requirements. This is done automatically using software automation, enabling the expansion and contraction of service capability, as needed. This dynamic scaling needs to be done while maintaining high levels of reliability and security.

3. Network Access — Needs to be accessed across the internet from a broad range of devices such as PCs, laptops, and mobile devices, using standards-based APIs (for example, ones based on HTTP). Deployments of services in the cloud include everything from using business

applications to the latest application on the newest smartphones.

4. Managed Metering — Uses metering for managing and optimizing the service and to provide reporting and billing information.In this way, consumers are billed for services according to how much they have actually used during the billing period.

5. Broad network access: Your team can access using their smartphones, tablets, laptops, and office computers. They can use these devices wherever they are located with a simple online access point. This mobility is particularly attractive for businesses so that during business hours or on off-times, employees can stay on top of projects, contracts, and customers whether they are on the road or in the office. Broad network access includes private clouds that operate within a company’s firewall, public clouds, or a hybrid deployment.

6. Resource pooling: The cloud enables your employees to enter and use data within the business management software hosted in the cloud at the same time, from any location, and at any time. This is an attractive feature for multiple business offices and field service or sales teams that are usually outside the office.

7. Rapid elasticity: If anything, the cloud is flexible and scalable to suit your immediate business needs. You can quickly and easily add or remove users, software features, and other resources. 8. Measured service: Going back to the affordable nature of the cloud, you only pay for what you use. You and your cloud provider can measure storage levels, processing, bandwidth, and the number of user accounts and you are billed appropriately. The amount of resources that you may use can be monitored and controlled from both your side and your cloud provider’s side which provides transparency. - See more at:

Cloud Deployment Models There are three commonly

Public

Public clouds are made available to the general public by a service provider who hosts the cloud infrastructure. Generally, public cloud providers like Amazon AWS, Microsoft and Google own and operate the infrastructure and offer access over the Internet. With this model, customers have no visibility or control over where the infrastructure is located. It is important to note that all customers on public clouds share the same infrastructure pool with limited configuration, security protections and availability variances.Public Cloud customers benefit from economies of scale, because infrastructure costs are spread across all users, allowing each individual client to operate on a low-cost, “pay-as-you-go” model. Another advantage of public cloud infrastructures is that they are typically larger in scale than an in-house enterprise cloud, which provides clients with seamless, on-demand scalability. These clouds offer the greatest level of efficiency in shared resources; however, they are also more vulnerable than private clouds.

A public cloud is the obvious choice when:

o Your standardized workload for applications is used by lots of people, such as

e-mail.

o You need to test and develop application code.

o You need incremental capacity (the ability to add compute resources for peak

times).

o You’re doing collaboration projects.

Private

Private cloud is cloud infrastructure dedicated to a particular organization. Private clouds allow businesses to host applications in the cloud, while addressing concerns regarding data security and control, which is often lacking in a public cloud environment. It is not shared with other organizations, whether managed internally or by a third-party, and it can be hosted internally or externally.

There are two variations of private clouds:

o On-Premise Private Cloud: This type of cloud is hosted within an organization’s own facility. A businesses IT department would incur the capital and operational costs for the physical resources with this model. On-Premise Private Clouds are best used for applications that require complete control and configurability of the infrastructure and security.

o Externally Hosted Private Cloud: Externally hosted private clouds are also exclusively used by one organization, but are hosted by a third party specializing in cloud infrastructure. The service provider facilitates an exclusive cloud

environment with full guarantee of privacy. This format is recommended for organizations that prefer not to use a public cloud infrastructure due to the risks associated with the sharing of physical resources.

Undertaking a private cloud project requires a significant level and degree of engagement to virtualize the business environment, and it will require the organization to reevaluate decisions about existing resources. Private clouds are more expensive but also more secure when compared to public clouds. An Info-Tech survey shows that 76% of IT decision-makers will focus exclusively on the private cloud, as these clouds offer the greatest level of security and control.

When is a Private Cloud for you?

o You need data sovereignty but want cloud efficiencies o You want consistency across services

o You have more server capacity than your organization can use o Your data center must become more efficient

o You want to provide private cloud services

Hybrid

Hybrid Clouds are a composition of two or more clouds (private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together offering the advantages of multiple deployment models. In a hybrid cloud, you can leverage third party cloud providers in either a full or partial manner;

increasing the flexibility of computing. Augmenting a traditional private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be used to manage any unexpected surges in workload. Hybrid cloud

architecture requires both on-premise resources and off-site server based cloud infrastructure. By spreading things out over a hybrid cloud, you keep each aspect of your business in the most efficient environment possible. The downside is that you have to keep track of multiple cloud security platforms and ensure that all aspects of your business can communicate with each other. Here are a couple of situations where a hybrid environment is best:

o Your company wants to use a SaaS application but is concerned about security. o Your company offers services that are tailored for different vertical markets. You

can use a public cloud to interact with the clients but keep their data secured within a private cloud.

o You can provide public cloud to your customers while using a private cloud for

internal IT. Community

A community cloud is a is a multi-tenant cloud service model that is shared among several or organizations and that is governed, managed and secured commonly by all the participating organizations or a third party managed service provider.

Community clouds are a hybrid form of private clouds built and operated specifically for a targeted group. These communities have similar cloud requirements and their ultimate goal is to work together to achieve their business objectives.

The goal of community clouds is to have participating organizations realize the benefits of a public cloud with the added level of privacy, security, and policy compliance usually associated with a private cloud. Community clouds can be either on-premise or off-premise.

Here are a couple of situations where a community cloud environment is best:

o Government organizations within a state that need to share resoures o A private HIPAA compliant cloud for a group of hospitals or clinics o Telco community cloud for telco DR to meet specific FCC regulations

Cloud computing is about shared IT infrastructure or the outsourcing of a company's technology. It is essential to examine your current IT infrastructure, usage and needs to determine which type of cloud computing can help you best achieve your goals. Simply, the cloud is not one concrete term, but rather a metaphor for a global network and how to best utilize its advantages depends on your individual cloud focus.

A. Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS clients rent usage of applications running within the Cloud
s provider infrastructure, for example SalesForce. The

applications are typically offered to the clients via the Internet and are managed completely by the Cloud provider. That means that theadministration of these services such as updating and

patchingare in the provider
s responsibility. B. Platform as a Service (PaaS) PaaS

[4]Cloud providers offer an application platform asa service, for exampleGoogle App Engine. This enables clients to deploy custom software using the tools and programming languages offered by the provider. Clientshave control over the deployed applications and environment

-related settings. As with SaaS,the management of the underlying infrastructure lies within the responsibility of the provider.

C. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) IaaS [4]delivers hardware resources such as CPU, disk space or networkcomponents as a service. These resources are usually delivered as a

virtualization platform by the Cloud provider and can be accessed across the Internet by the client. The client has full control of the

Virtualizedplatform and is not responsible for managing the underlying infrastructure.

Benefits of using cloud computing for management of public records. (Limited to positives -simple bullet points) (Angie)

1. cost savings

2. Potentially quicker deployment time (depending upon the service you are seeking) 3. Ability of agency staff to focus on other mission critical tasks

4. Remote access from anywhere, anytime 5. Potential increase in productivity

6. Access to lower cost applications/services with improved functionality that might not have been accessible, particularly for smaller agencies. (take advantage of economies of scales.)

Conclusion

Cloud computing is a powerful new abstraction for large scale data processing systems which is scalable, reliable and available. In cloud computing, there are large self-managed server pools available which reduces the overhead and eliminates management headache. Cloud computing services can also grow and shrink according to need. Cloud computing is particularly valuable to small and medium businesses, where effective and affordable IT tools are critical to helping them become more productive without spending lots of money on in-house resources and technical equipment. Also it is a new emerging architecture needed to expand the Internet to become the computing platform of the future.

Refference:-[1] PARKHILL, D. The Challenge of the Computer Utility. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., US, 1966.

[2](https://www.google.co.in/search?q=what+is+the+cloud+computing+pdf&biw=1366&bih=639&s ource=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=MboSVJiPI46UuATF3ILICQ&sqi=2&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAw#facrc= _&imgdii=_&imgrc=-acVYu-bXypddM%253A%3Bsrm2YhmXlR2JUM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fvinova.sg%252Fassets%25 2Fcloud-computing-kitchen-sink.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fitintelligenceindia.blogspot.com%252F2012%252F06%252Ft urn-your-computer-into-cloud-with.html%3B559%3B399) [3] www.dialogic.com [4] http://erpbloggers.com/2013/07/the-five-essential-characteristics-of-cloud-computing/#sthash.rvrwfE2R.dpuf (http://erpbloggers.com/2013/07/the-five-essential-characteristics-of-cloud-computing/ [5] http://blog.appcore.com/blog/bid/167543/Types-of-Cloud-Computing-Private-Public-and-Hybrid-Clouds

[6]Sareen et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 3(3), March - 2013, pp. 533-538 [7](https://www.google.co.in/search?q=pdf+types+of+cloud+computing+services&biw=136 6&bih=639&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=5MMSVM6RJJCXuATbkIDgAw&ved =0CAYQ_AUoAQ#tbm=isch&q=spi+model+in+cloud+computing&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=Bw2W JdoS9ra8jM%253A%3BodKULb63LsakjM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F3.bp.blogspot.com%252F- k_gFwx2cEyM%252FTipr-_TQqYI%252FAAAAAAAABHI%252FkuuiNGkv3lY%252Fs1600%252Fcloud2.jpg%3Bhttp%253A %252F%252Fsharannetwork.blogspot.com%252F%3B749%3B391 [8](http://ohsweb.ohiohistory.org/ohioerc/index.php?title=Cloud_Computing_Brainstorm